By Mr.

Dhanush Leelodharry
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• WWW & Internet are NOT the same thing

• The Internet is a huge network of computers all connected

together. The World Wide Web (www or web) is a collection
of webpages found on this network of computers. A web
browser uses the Internet to Access the web.

• The World Wide Web commonly known as the Web is an

information system where documents and other web
resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators which
may be interlinked by hypertext and are accesible over the
Internet.
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• The WWW is a sophisticated system for universal information

capture and delivery.
• The WWW consortium (W3C) definition of web: “ The WWW
is the universal of network accesible information, and
embodiment of human knowlege”
• It consists of a world wide collection of electronic documents.
Each electronic doc on the web is called a web page, which
can contain text, graphic, audio and video. Static webpage;
visitors see same content, Dynamic webpage; visitors can
customize and use filters for instance ticket availability for
flights.
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Searching for Information on Web

1) Search Engine – a program that finds websites, webpages,
images, videos, news and other information related to the
specific topic. The result of the search is called hits, that link
to the web pages.
2) Subject Directory – this provides categorized list of links
arrange by subject.
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• In 1989 – Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the www.

• He suggested 3 main technologies that meant all computers
could understand each other ; HTML, URL, HTTP.
• He also made the world’s first web browser and web server.
• In 1991 - 1st website went live at CERN in Europe.
• In 1992 - 1st web server outside of Europe was set up in
USA.
• In 1993 – CERN allowed anyone to use the web protocols
and code for free. The technologies that had been developed
to make the www became open source so that anyone could
use for them for free. Hence people started to créate their
websites for personal and online businesses
• In 1994 – telecommincations companies started to provide
Internet access
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WEB 1.0
 It is the readable format of the flat data that is bieng
displayed. Web 1.0 is considered as “Read Web”
 Limited interaction between sites and web users
 It only shares information and there is no opportunity to post
views, comments and feedback
 Make use of HTTP and HTML

WEB 2.0
 It is the writable face of the www with interactive data.
 Facilitates interaction between web users and sites
 It encourages participation , collaboration and information
sharing e.g; Facebook, youtube,
(Contd..)
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 Web 2.0 is the original web as most people know it. It is the
typical web used by most of the people in the Internet.
 We can socialise with other people through social media,
blogs
 It is either you give out information or seach what you need
 Word press is the best example of web 2.0, it allows users to
créate blog that not only contains user’s own content but
oher’s as well through comments.
 Web 2.0 welcome response that demandes to be more
involved in what information is available
 Web 2.0 is considered as Read-Write Web
 Uses JavaScript, Ajax frameworks, XML, JSON
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Web 3.0
 Involves with dynamic applications, interactive services and
machine-to-machine interaction
 It is the semantic web which reflects the future
 Here computers can interpret information like humans
 Eg is TiVo, it is a digital video recorder. Its recording program
can search the web based on your preferences
 Web 3.0 is considered as Read-Write-Execute web
 It is the semantic web we are currently in or the era we are
still creating, meaning computers and machines perform on its
own
 Web 3.0 deals with AI (e.g youtube use AI)
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HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

• Transmits hypertext over networks

E-Mail (Simple Mail Transport Protocol or SMTP)

• Distributes email messages and attached files to one or more
electronic mailboxes

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• Transfer files between an FTP server and a computer, for e.g
to download software

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

• Allows delivery of voice communications over IP networks
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The web provides a single, graphical interface for accessing

these protocols. This creates a convenient and user friendly
environment. Before, it was necessary to know how to use
protocols within separate command-level environments. This
meant you needed to know the text commands and type them
out to make things happen. The web is much easier since it
gathers these protocols together into u unified graphical system.
Because of this feature, and because of the web’s ability to work
with multimedia and advanced programming languages, the
WEB is by far the most popular component of the Internet.
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Hyperlink: It is a Word, phrase or image that you can click on to

jump to a new document or a new section within the current
document. They are foundin nearly all web pages, allowing
users to click their way from page to page. Text hyperlinks are
often blue and underlined.

Hypertext: It is a text that links to other information. By clicking

on a link in a hypertext doument, a user can quiclkly jump to
different content. It is usually associated with web pages. Today
nearly every web page includes links to other pages and both
text and images can be used as links to more content.
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Webpage: It is a resource of information that is suitable for the

www and can be accessed through a web browser. This
information is usually in HTML or XHTML format and may
provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext links.

Web Browser: A web browser (commonly referred to as

a browser) is a software application for accessing information on
the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a
particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary
content from a webserver and then displays the page on the
screen.
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Webserver: A web server is a computer that runs websites. It's a

computer program that distributes web pages as they are
requisitioned. The basic objective of the web server is to store,
process and deliver web pages to the users. This
intercommunication is done using Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP). Leading Web servers include Apache,
Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) and Nginx.
Other Web servers include Novell's NetWare server,
Google Web Server (GWS) and IBM's family of Domino servers.
Uniform Resource Locator: A URL is a formatted text
string used by Web browsers, email clients and other software to
identify a network resource on the Internet.
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Web pages can include many elements, such as graphics,

photographs, sound clips, and even small programs that run in
the web browser. These elements are stored on the web server
as separate files. The most important parts of a webpage,
however, are the structure of the page and the text that makes
up the main part of the page. The page structure and text are
stored in a text file that is formatted, or marked up, using a text
markup language. A text markup language specifies a set of tags
that are inserted into the text. These markup tags, also called
tags, provide formatting instructions that web client software can
understand. The web client software utilises the instructions as it
renders the text and page elements contained in the other files
into the webpage that appears on the screen of the client
computer.
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• Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): Used for

many years by the publishing industry to create documents
that needed to be printed in various formats and that were
revised frequently.
• Hypertext Markup Language: HTML includes tags in an
electronic document that define the format and style of text
elements. The tags in an HTML document are interpreted and
used by the web browser to format the display of the text
enclosed by the tags. The web organizes interlinked pages of
information residing on sites around the world. Hyperlinks on
web pages form a “web” of those pages.
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• Extensible Markup Language (XML): XML is referred to as a

meta language since users can create their own markup
elements, thus extending its usefulness. Note that XML
includes data management capabilities that HTML cannot
provide. XML differs from HTML in two important respects.
First, XML is not a markup language with defined tags. It is a
framework within which individuals, companies, and other
organizations can create their own sets of tags. Second, XML
tags convey the meaning of the information included within
them without specifying how text appears on a webpage.
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The internet (also known as Net) is a worldwide collection of

networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions and individuals. Email, Web, File
Transfer, Chat, Message Board, Instant Messaging are services
found on the Internet.

Connecting to the Internet

1. Dial-up Access
2. Digital Subcriber Line (DSL)
3. Cable Modem
4. Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
5. Fixed Wireless
6. Wireless Model
7. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) 8. Satelite Modem
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1. Dial-up Access: it takes place when the modem inside the

computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the
Internet. It is a slow speed technology
2. DSL: it is a technology that provides high speed internet
connections using regular copper telephone lines
3. Cable Modem: it allows Access to high speed internet
services through the cable televisión network
4. FTTP: it uses fiber optic to provide high speed internet
access to home and business users
5. Fixed Wireless: it uses a dish-shaped antenna on the house
or business to communicate with a tower location via radio
signals
6. Wireless Modem: allows Access to the internet thorugh a
celular network
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7. Wi-Fi: uses radio signals to provide internet connection to

wireless computers and devices.
8. Satellite Modem: it communicates with a satellite dish to
provide high speed internet connections via satellite.

How Data Travels the Internet

Computers connected to the Internet work together to transfer
data and information around the world using servers and clients.
On the Internet, our computer is a client that can access data,
information and services on a variety of servers.
The inner structures of the Internet works much like a transport
system. The major carriers of the network traffic are known as
the Internet backbone.
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7. Wi-Fi: uses radio signals to provide internet connection to

wireless computers and devices.
8. Satellite Modem: it communicates with a satellite dish to
provide high speed internet connections via satellite.

How Data Travels the Internet

Computers connected to the Internet work together to transfer
data and information around the world using servers and clients.
On the Internet, our computer is a client that can access data,
information and services on a variety of servers.
The inner structures of the Internet works much like a transport
system. The major carriers of the network traffic are known as
the Internet backbone.
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It is an information systems that uses internet web technologies

to deliver information and service to users or other information
systems/applications. It is an information system that can
accessed through the www.
Web information system not only disseminates information, but
also proactively interacts with users and processes their
business tasks to accomplish their business goals. It usally
supports work and is tightly integrated with other non WIS such
as database and transaction processing systems.
E.g of Web based systems are web applications - online forms,
shopping carts, word processors, spreadsheets, video and photo
editing, file conversion, file scanning, and email programs such
as Gmail, Yahoo. Popular applications include Google Apps and
Microsoft 365
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Web based technologies - are network applications accessible

over the internet (blogs, discussion boards, conferencing
sessions tools, online multimedia and mobile technologies,
online games etc.) that enable individuals to connect to each
other.