Constitutional Amendments For AIBE

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Most Important Constitutional Amendments

First Amendment Act, 1951
Provision for reservations was added by inserting Article 15(4)

Added Ninth Schedule to protect the land reforms and other laws included in it
from the judicial review
Additional conditions were added to Article 19(2) increasing the grounds on
which right to free speech can be regulated
Fourth Amendment Act, 1955
Authorised the state to nationalise any trade.
Twenty Fourth Amendment Act, 1971
Reasons:
Twenty Fourth Constitutional Amendment Act was brought in response to the Golak nath
judgment (1967) of the Supreme Court which held that the Parliament does not have the
power to take away any fundamental rights through amendment to the Constitution.
Amendments:
Affirmed the power of Parliament to amend any part of the

Constitution including fundamental rights by amending Article 13 and
368.
Made it compulsory for the President to give his assent to a
Constitutional Amendment Bill.
Thirty-Eighth Amendment Act, 1975
Amendments:
Made the declaration of emergency by the President non-justiciable

(meaning, decision of the President to declare emergency cannot be
challenged in court)
Made the promulgation of ordinances by the President, governors
and administrators of Union territories non-justiciable.
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Empowered the President to declare different proclamations of
national emergency on different grounds simultaneously.
Forty Second Amendment Act, 1976
Added three new words (i.e., socialist, secular and integrity) in the Preamble
Added Fundamental Duties by the citizens (new Part IV A)
Provided for administrative tribunals and tribunals for other matters (Added
Part XIV A)
Made the constitutional amendments beyond judicial scrutiny. Article 13(4) was
added.
Added three new Directive Principles viz., equal justice and free legal aid, the
participation of workers in the management of industries and protection of the
environment, forests, and wildlife.
Forty-Fourth Amendment Act, 1978
Replaced the term ‘internal disturbance’ by ‘armed rebellion’ in respect of

national emergency.**
Deleted the right to property (Article 31) from the list of Fundamental Rights
and made it only a legal right.
Provided that the fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21 cannot
be suspended during a national emergency. Article 359 was amended
Fifty-Second Amendment Act, 1985
Provided for disqualification of members of Parliament and state legislatures on

the ground of defection and added a new Tenth Schedule . This
amendment is known as Anti Defection Law.
Seventy Third Amendment Act, 1992
added a new Part-IX , a new Eleventh Schedule relating to the

Panchayati Raj institutions.
Seventy Fourth Amendment Act, 1992

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added a new Part IX-A , a new Twelfth Schedule relating to
Municipalities
Seventy Seventh Amendment Act, 1995
Provided for reservation in promotions in government jobs for Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes. Article 16(4A) was inserted.
Eighty First Amendment Act, 2000
Article 16(4B) was inserted. Carry forward rule was introduced. After this, remaining
vacancies for SC/STs in governments jobs from previous year can be carried forward to
the next year. 50 percent upper limit on the total reservations is not applicable in cases
where carry forward rule is applied.
Eighty Fifth Amendment Act, 2001
Amendment was made to Article 16(4A). ‘Consequential Seniority’ rule was applied in
cases of promotion of reserved candidates from SC/ST communities.
Eighty Sixth Amendment Act, 2002
Made elementary education a fundamental right under the Article 21A

Added a new fundamental duty under Article 51-A
Ninety First Amendment Act, 2003
Amendments were made to the provisions relating to powers of Members of Parliament,

defection and council of ministers
Ninety Third Amendment Act, 2005
Article 15(5) was added. State can now make reservations for admission into private
educational institutions for students from the socially and educationally backward
classes or the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes
Ninety Seventh Amendment Act, 2011
New Part IX-B was added giving constitutional status and protection to
cooperative societies .
Ninety Ninth Amendment Act 2014

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Replaced the collegium system of appointing judges to the Supreme Court and
High Courts with a new body called the National Judicial Appointments
Commission (NJAC)
However, in 2015, the Supreme Court declared this Amendment Act as
unconstitutional and void. Consequently, the earlier collegium system became
operative again
One Hundred and First Amendment Act, 2017
Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in India
One Hundred Third Amendment Act, 2019
Article 15(6) and Article 16(6) inserted. 10% Reservation for Economic Weaker Section
introduced in educational institutions and public employment. Upheld as valid by
Supreme Court in the case of Janhit Abhiyan vs Union of India.

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kanoonpandit.

Most Important Constitutional Amendments

Provision for reservations was added by inserting Article 15(4)

Fourth Amendment Act, 1955

Authorised the state to nationalise any trade.

Twenty Fourth Amendment Act, 1971

Affirmed the power of Parliament to amend any part of the

Thirty-Eighth Amendment Act, 1975

Made the declaration of emergency by the President non-justiciable

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Forty Second Amendment Act, 1976

Forty-Fourth Amendment Act, 1978

Replaced the term ‘internal disturbance’ by ‘armed rebellion’ in respect of

Fifty-Second Amendment Act, 1985

Provided for disqualification of members of Parliament and state legislatures on

Seventy Third Amendment Act, 1992

added a new Part-IX , a new Eleventh Schedule relating to the

Seventy Fourth Amendment Act, 1992

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Seventy Seventh Amendment Act, 1995

Eighty First Amendment Act, 2000

Eighty Fifth Amendment Act, 2001

Eighty Sixth Amendment Act, 2002

Made elementary education a fundamental right under the Article 21A

Ninety First Amendment Act, 2003

Amendments were made to the provisions relating to powers of Members of Parliament,

Ninety Third Amendment Act, 2005

Ninety Seventh Amendment Act, 2011

Ninety Ninth Amendment Act 2014

One Hundred and First Amendment Act, 2017

Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in India

One Hundred Third Amendment Act, 2019

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