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W2 - Rectilinear Kinematics - Continuous Motion

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14 views16 pages

W2 - Rectilinear Kinematics - Continuous Motion

lesson

Uploaded by

Nicole K. Martinez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rectilinear Kinematics:

Continuous Motion

Dynamics of Rigid Bodies

Christ C.
Quinicot Part-time
Instructor

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this session, you should be able to:

• To introduce the concepts of position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration.


• To emphasize the difference between a scalar quantity and vector quantity. •
To study particle motion along a straight line

What is a Particle?

Particle – any object that has mass but with negligible size and shape.
– limit the application to objects that have dimensions
that are of no consequence in the
analysis of motion.
– motion is characterized by the motion of its mass
center and any rotation of the body is neglected.

https://images.app.goo.gl/SteHcU7aNn3S8atv7

https://images.app.goo.gl/SThegRTxy5VuL2hM6
https://images.app.goo.gl/qrZyXygoShEnWa4u8

Position & Displacement

particle Position is the location of the particle in


space at any given instant.
Os s It is a vector quantity since it has
both magnitude and direction.
Position

particle
Displacement is the change in the
s particle’s position
O
s It can be either
positive or negative
depending on the
s' Displacement
final position of the
∆s ∆�� = ��′ − ��
particle

Position & Displacement

REMEMBER

The displacement of a particle is also a vector quantity, and it should be


distinguished from the distance the particle travels. Specifically, the
distance traveled is a positive scalar that represents the total length of path
over which the particle travels.

For Example

The total distanced traveled is 20


while the displacement is 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Velocity

Velocity is the quantity that designates how fast and in what direction a
particle is moving

Average Velocity is the ratio of the change of position and the time interval

�������� =∆��

∆��
If we take smaller and smaller values of ∆��, the magnitude of ∆�� becomes smaller and smaller.

Instantaneous velocity is defined as the rate of change of position for a


time interval which is very small (almost zero)

∆��
∆���� =����
�� = lim ∆��→0 →+ ����

Velocity
The magnitude of velocity is known as speed, which is generally expressed in
units of ��/��.

The average speed is always a positive scalar


and is defined as the total distance traveled by
a particle, ���� , divided by the elapsed time
∆��;

����
�� ������=����
∆��

Velocity

TRY this!

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
value

∆���������� = −∆��
Prove that �������� has a negative
���� value
while �� ������=����
����
has a positive ��
������
∆��

Acceleration

Acceleration is the quantity that describes how the particle moves as it changes
its velocity within a short period of time.

Average Acceleration is the change of velocity divided by the change in time

∆��
�������� =
∆��

Instantaneous acceleration at time t is a vector that is found by taking smaller


and smaller values of ∆�� and corresponding smaller and smaller values of
∆��
OR ��
→ +
�� =�� ��
∆��
�� = lim ∆��→0 →+
���� ������
∆���� =����

Acceleration
An important differential relation involving
the displacement, velocity, and acceleration

���� ����
���� = ��= ��
→ ������ = ������ +

Constant Acceleration, �� = ����


Position as a Function of Time
Velocity as a Function of Time
���� = ������ ��
න න න ���� = ��0 +
�� ��
�� �� න �� �� ��
����
��0 0 ��0 0

+
+

→ �� = ���� + ������

Remember that these equations are useful


Velocity as a Function of Position only
�� = ���� + ������
�� → ��
+ �� �� ����
�� acceleration is ����, �� =
න �������� constant and when �� .
�� ��
������ = න when the �� = ��, �� =
��0 motion occurs when a body falls freely
+ toward
��0 ���� = ������ → + ������ �� −
A typical example of constant accelerated
���� the earth approximately ��. ����
��
the earth. Downward acceleration towards��/��

Important Points
• Rectilinear kinematics refers to straight-line motion.
• Speed refers to the magnitude of velocity.
• Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time. This is
different from the average velocity, which is the displacement divided by
the time.
• A particle that is slowing down is decelerating.
• A particle can have an acceleration and yet have zero velocity. • The
relationship ������ = ������ is derived from �� = ����/����
and �� = ����/����, by eliminating ����.

- End of Presentation - Thank you


for your attention!

Any
Questions
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Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion Dynamics of Rigid Bodies

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