Commissioning Procedures
Commissioning Procedures
Commissioning Procedures
In Transformer testing it can be classified into power and distribution transformers. It Rating plate
show nominal voltage, current of primary and secondary voltage at various of the tap changer,
connection symbols ( vector group), % impedance weight of oil etc.
1.
1. Oil leakage from bushing, valves, air release plugs, etc.
2. Direction of mounting of Buchholz relay, as per arrow on the relay; the arrow should point
towards the conservator.
3. Oil level in condenser bushing.
4. Oil level of main tank and OLTC (On load Tap Changer) tank should be up to the filling
mark on MOG ( Minimum oil level guage)
5. Earthed at two points.(Very important before start the transformer testing)
6. Stoppers provided for locking of wheels.
7. Test taps on HV(High voltage) condenser bushing are fixed.
8. Valves on each radiator, both top and bottom should be open.
9. Valves on either side Buchholz relay should be open.
10. Arcing horns for bushing, if provided to be set as per manufacture’s instructions. If LAs are
provided for the transformer, it is advisable to set the arcing horn distance a bit higher.
11. Tightness of conductor / cables on transformer, HV side, LV side and neutral to be checked.
12. Check resistance and IR (Insulation resistance) values of NGR (Neutral Ground Resistor), if
provided.
13. Ensure that oil is filled in OTI (Oil Temperature Indicator) and WTI (Winding temperature
Indicator) pockets.
14. Check that colour of silica gel in breathers of main conservator and OLTC (On load Tap
Changer) conservator is blue.
15. Oil in breather cups to be filled upto level indicated.
16. Diaphragm of explosion vent, if provided to be checked.
In Transformer Testing following electrical checks are to be carried out and results recorded in the
test reports.
Prior to ratio check OLTC (On load Tap Changer) if provide is to be made functional OLTC can be
of two types,
1-Ratio test:-
Apply 3 ph , 415V to high voltage winding of the transformer and ,Ensure the induced voltage on the
low voltage terminals at all taps. Ensure variation in secondary volts as the taps are changed and
compare the results with manufactures test report or ratio mentioned on transformer nameplate.If delta
tertiary stabilizing winding is provided (usually provided for Y Y transformers), open the delta
shorting link and measure the voltage across the two terminals during ratio test-it should be
negligible. Refer above figure
Make a test set up as per figure . Ensure that neutrals of HV / LV are isolated from earth.Measure the
voltage as per test format EFS / Transformer.
3.No load / Magnetizing current test:-
Remove the shorting between primary & secondary and measure the currents in all the phases while
maintaining the supply at primary. This test is done at nominal tap and at the minimum and maximum
taps.
Expected currents – Ir / Iy / Ib – 1:0.0:1 for star transformer
-Ir / Iy / Ib 1: 1:1.3 – for delta transformer
The currents should be in the order of mA. Refer the above figure.
6-Insulation Test:-
Upto 6.6KV a insulation tester of 2.5 KV may be used and beyond 6.6 KV, 5 KV voltage level may
be used.
DIELECTRIC
POLARISATION INDEX 10/1
ABSORPTION 60 / 30 SEC INTERPRETATION
MIN RATIO
RATIO
1 to 1.25 1 to 2 Dubious
Note: IR values of delta tertiary stabilizing winding should also be taken with earth and with HV and
LV winding.
EQUIPMEN TEST
CHARACTERISTI FREQUENC PERMISSIBL REMEDIAL
T METHO
CS Y OF TEST E LIMITS ACTION
VOLTAGE D
8-Special Test:-
Winding resistance should be carried out with 24 V battery. Rheostat with 10 A rating, along & digital
multimeter, two pole switch Circuit as per figure connect the battery to one winding of the
transformer and adjust the current to 2A. Measure the voltage at bushings. Winding resistance
calculated should be compared with factory test results. Do not disconnect the wires without reducing
the current avoid voltage spikes.
Winding resistance test should be done after all the other tests have been completed.
ote :-In transformer testing, if more than one run of cable per phase is used on the transformer LV
side, it should be confirmed that there is no cross-over of phases between any run. Such a crossover
would result in a dead short circuit on the LV side of the transformer. This can be verified during no-
load magnetizing current test-the magnetizing current on the transformer HV side should be in the
order of mA, with the all the LV side cables connected. Alternatively, thus can be confirmed during
the transformer differential stability test.
Note :-In transformer testing, if more than one run of cable per phase is used on the transformer LV
side, it should be confirmed that there is no cross-over of phases between any run. Such a crossover
would result in a dead short circuit on the LV side of the transformer. This can be verified during no-
load magnetizing current test-the magnetizing current on the transformer HV side should be in the
order of mA, with the all the LV side cables connected. Alternatively, thus can be confirmed during
the transformer differential stability test.
1. Cleaning of the transformer, especially the bushing. Ensure that all protections are operative.
Buchholz relay maybe tested by using the test screw, or by pumping in air with a bicycle
pump, or by draining oil from the relay after closing both side valves.
2. Air release from the transformer is to be done from air release plugs on the main tank,
radiators, HV & LV bushing, Buchholz relay and OLTC prior to charging of transformer. Do
not release air from the condenser bushing as they are hermetically sealed.
3. Check operation of OTI / WTI, ensure oil in the temperature probe pots.
4. All inter connecting valves are open position.
5. Check IR value between each winding an earth, and between windings. Neutral earthing is to
be disconnected for this purpose.
6. Check that HV and LV neutral earthing has been re-connected after megger test.
7. Earthing and delta shorting of tertiary stabilizing winding ( if provided), to be checked.
8. Proper setting of OTI & WTI to be done.
1. Perform trip test from all the transformer protections, including Buchholz relay, PRD, Oil surge
relay, OTI and WTI.
2. All protection relays to be properly set.
3. Reset the maximum reading pointer (MRP) of OTI & WTI.
4. Ammeter selector switches should be selected to read some phase current.
5. All MCBs, fuses and switches in Marshalling boxes, Craps, isolator cubicles and breaker cubicles
should be in circuit.
6. If transformer is provided with an OLTC, energise it at Tap#1; if the transformer is provided with
an off-circuit tap changer, energise it at the nominal tap.
Testing of Fan control Cubicle:-
Fan control cubicle houses the control and hardware for running of cooling fans with the fans running
the transformer can be loaded to the specified rating on the nameplate (ONAF).
The fans are started with the operation of WTI contact. Preferably S1 should be allocated to run the
fans. Normally two banks of 4 fans are provided on the radiators.In each bank one fan is spare and
three fans will run continuously until that contact from WTI drops out. Prior to starting of fans
following thing have to be checked:-
Check operation of the fan circuit in auto and manual mode and also confirm the change over of
standby fan in case of fan failure.
1. Check the relay model number (type number) is as per specifications. Note the serial no of the
relay of the relay.
2. Inspect the relay for signs of physical damage.
3. Check that any series resistors, where applicable, have been installed e.g. for CTMM relays a
series resistor is required in the power circuit, depending on the supply voltage.
4. Test the relay as per the procedure for the given relay.
Protection relays can be divided in to current operated ( eg- CDG series, & SJ600, bus differential,
transformer differential etc), Voltage operated (VAGM, VD, 7RW 600), relays requiring voltage &
current inputs (CDV, 7SJ531, 7SA etc).
With the Circuit breaker in closed condition, check IR values of each phase to earth and between
phases. With the breaker in ope condition , check IR values across each vacuum bottle.
Special Tests:-
Measure the closing time and the tripping time of the circuit breaker.To the time interval between
the operation of the close / trip command contact and the instant when the main contacts of the
breaker close / open. This can be measured connecting a close / trip command spare contact to the
“start” input of an electronic timer and the breaker main contacts “Stop” input of the timer.
It reduces the effect of impedance in the circuit while the current in the circuit rises.
Where,
%Z = Impedance + 10 % tolerance of z
Where,
Calculate Fault current at each stage of following Electrical System SLD having details of.
=31.32 MVA
The cross sectional area of high voltage cable where calculated shall not be less the value determined
by following formula:-
S = (I SC *√t ) / K
Where,
K= Factor taking account of the resistivity, temperature co-efficient, heat capacity of the conductor
material, initial and final temperature. Value of K (as per BS 7671) shall be taken as 0.094 for XLPE
insulated Aluminium cables, 0.143 for XLPE insulated Copper cables
and 0.076 for PVC Insulated Aluminium cables.
Note:–
1. Wherever the application of the formula results in a non standard size a conductor to the next
higher standard cross section area shall be used.
2. Short circuit duration for cables must be commensurate with the tripping time of the protective
deceives associated with feeder.
Solution:
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