INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: applications and interpretation

MAI

EXERCISES [MAI 4.18-4.19]

CHI-SQUARE TESTS

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)

CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE

1. [Maximum mark: 6]
Consider the following two-way table of observed values

A B C D Total
a 10 20 30 40 100
b 5 10 15 20 50
c 15 10 15 10 50
Total 30 40 60 70 200

(a) By using a GDC, complete the following table of expected values. [2]

A B C D
a 15
b
c

(b) Show how the entries of the first row of the table in question (a) were calculated. [4]

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 [MAI 4.18-4.19] CHI-SQUARE TESTS

2. [Maximum mark: 12]

In a survey of 200 individuals from four countries we asked about their favourite food
among meat, fish and vegetables. The following table shows results

Germans French Italians Greeks

meat 10 20 30 40
fish 5 10 15 20
vegetables 15 10 15 10

A chi-square test is used to determine if nationality and food preference are

independent.

(a) State the null and alternative hypotheses of the test. [2]
(b) Show that the degrees of freedom are 6. [2]
(c) Write down
(i) the p -value of the test. (ii) the χ2–statistic of the test. [4]
(d) Write down the conclusion at the 5% significance level. [2]
(e) Write down the conclusion at the 1% significance level. [2]

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 [MAI 4.18-4.19] CHI-SQUARE TESTS

3. [Maximum mark: 11]

In a survey of 100 individuals, 42 were under 30 years old and 58 were over 30 years
old. We asked them how often they use the metro in Athens. The following table shows
the results.

very often often occasionally never

under 30 12 15 10 5
above 30 24 23 5 6

(a) Find the expected number of individuals under 30 that never use the metro. [2]
(b) Explain why it is necessary to merge the last two columns. [1]
(c) Write down the new table of observed values and the corresponding table of
expected values. [3]
(d) Use a chi-square test at the 10% significance level to determine the use of the
metro by people in relation to their age; state the null and alternative hypotheses
and justify your conclusion. [5]

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 [MAI 4.18-4.19] CHI-SQUARE TESTS

CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR GOODNESS OF FIT.

4. [Maximum mark: 8]
A die is tossed 60 times and the results are shown below

result one two three four five six

frequency 10 8 11 10 8 13

The die is fair is it follows the so-called uniform distribution, that is if the probability for
1
each entry is .
6
(a) Test at significance level 5% if the die is fair. [4]

Paul believes that the die is biased and “six” has double the probability to show than
any other result. Thus, the distribution that Paul believes is

result one two three four five six

probability 1 1 1 1 1 2
7 7 7 7 7 7

(b) Test at significance level 5% if Paul is right. [4]

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 [MAI 4.18-4.19] CHI-SQUARE TESTS

5. [Maximum mark: 12]

Philip flipped four coins 80 times and recorded the number of heads obtained in each
trial. The results are shown in the following table.

Number of heads 0 1 2 3 4
frequency 2 11 36 24 7

He wants to find out if the results follow the Binomial distribution B(3, 0.5) and performs
a goodness of fit chi-squared test at the 10% significance level.
(a) Complete the following table of probabilities and corresponding expected
frequences. [4]

Number of heads 0 1 2 3 4
probabilities 0.0625
Expected frequences 5

(b) Write down the null and alternative hypotheses and the degrees of freedom. [3]
(c) Find the p - value and write down a conclusion for the test. [3]

The critical value for this test is 7.78.

(d) State an alternative reason to reach the same conclusion. [2]

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 [MAI 4.18-4.19] CHI-SQUARE TESTS

6. [Maximum mark: 5]
In the same question as in 5, perform the goodness of fit chi-squared test at the
5% significance level.
(a) and (b) are exactly the same.
(c) Find the p - value and write down a conclusion for the test. [3]

The critical value for this test is 9.49.

(d) State an alternative reason to reach the same conclusion. [2]

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7. [Maximum mark: 5]
In the same question as in 5, perform the goodness of fit chi-squared test at the
1% significance level.
(a) and (b) are exactly the same.
(c) Find the p - value and write down a conclusion for the test. [3]

The critical value for this test is 13.23.

(d) State an alternative reason to reach the same conclusion. [2]

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 [MAI 4.18-4.19] CHI-SQUARE TESTS

8. [Maximum mark: 12]

Anna investigates a set of 150 values and she believes that they come from a
population which is normally distributed with   70 and   8 (that is N(70,82 ) ).
She classified her data as shown in Table 1 below.

expected
data frequency probability
frequency
x  60.5 15 0.1175
60.5  x  67.5 43 38.970
67.5  x  72.5 37
72.5  x  79.5 34
x  79.5 21

Table 1 Table 2

Use the goodness of fit chi-squared test at the 5% significance level to check Anna’s
claim by answering the following questions.

(a) Complete Table 2 above with probabilities and frequences for each interval,
based on Anna’s assumption. [4]

(b) Write down the null and alternative hypotheses and the degrees of freedom. [3]
(c) Find the p - value and write down a conclusion for the test. [3]

The critical value for this test is 13.23.

(d) State an alternative reason to reach the same conclusion. [2]

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 [MAI 4.18-4.19] CHI-SQUARE TESTS

8. [Maximum mark: 13]

Consider the following sample of weights of 200 packets of spaghetti.
485 490 495 500 505 510 515
weights
to to to to to to to
In gr
490 495 500 505 510 515 520
frequency 10 47 56 42 25 12 8

We assume that the weights of the packets of spaghetti follow the normal distribution
with   500 and   7 (that is the normal distribution N(500, 7 2 ) ).

(a) Based on this assumption find

(i) the probability that a packet weighs less than 490gr, correct to 4dp;
(ii) the expected number of packets of spaghetti that weigh less than 490gr. [2]

(b) Find the expected frequency for each interval and explain why the last two
columns should be merged. [5]

(c) Use an appropriate test to check whether the assumption made is valid. Write
down the two hypotheses and justify your answer. [6]

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