MediThen Ai

Dialysis
Nursing Interview Questions
‫مـــوســـوعة أسـئـلة الــمــقــابالت الشخصية على تطبيق‬

MediThen Ai

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1. Which of the following is the primary function of a hemodialysis machine?

1. Blood pressure monitoring.
2. Fluid balance control.
3. Removing waste products from the blood.
4. Electrolyte supplementation.
2. During hemodialysis, which vascular access method provides the highest blood flow
rates?
1. Arteriovenous graft.
2. Arteriovenous fistula.
3. Tunneled central venous catheter.
4. Peripheral intravenous catheter.
3. What is the primary purpose of heparin administration during hemodialysis?
1. To reduce pain and discomfort.
2. To prevent clotting of the dialysis machine.
3. To improve blood pressure regulation.
4. To increase calcium levels.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with end-stage renal disease
(ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis?
1. Hyperkalemia.
2. Hypocalcemia.
3. Hypernatremia.
4. Hypomagnesemia.
5. When assessing a patient's vascular access site before dialysis, which finding should
the nurse be most concerned about?
1. Mild erythema.
2. Thrill and bruit.
3. Edema at the site.
4. Skin warmth.
6. Which medication is often administered intravenously to stimulate red blood cell
production in dialysis patients with anemia?
1. Epinephrine
2. Erythropoietin

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3. Insulin
4. Digoxin
7. During dialysis, which parameter should the nurse closely monitor to prevent
complications related to fluid removal?
1. Blood pressure
2. Heart rate
3. Respiratory rate
4. Temperature
8. What is the primary goal of peritoneal dialysis?
1. To remove waste products from the bloodstream
2. To promote fluid retention
3. To maintain vascular access
4. To filter blood through an artificial kidney machine
9. Which condition might indicate the need for urgent hemodialysis?
1. Mild fatigue
2. Severe hyperphosphatemia
3. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
4. Stable potassium levels
10. Which complication can occur if a patient undergoing hemodialysis has inadequate
anticoagulation during the procedure?
1. Hypertension
2. Hemorrhage
3. Hypotension
4. Hypercalcemia

11. What is the purpose of the "dry weight" concept in dialysis care?
1. To measure the patient's weight without any fluid removal
2. To determine the patient's ideal body weight
3. To assess the patient's hydration status
4. To calculate the patient's dietary intake
12. Which medication is commonly administered to dialysis patients to control
hyperphosphatemia?

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1. Calcium carbonate
2. Furosemide
3. Dopamine
4. Epinephrine
13. What is the primary role of the dialysis nurse during a peritoneal dialysis exchange?
1. Monitoring the patient's blood pressure
2. Regulating the dialysate temperature
3. Assessing the patient's vascular access
4. Ensuring proper positioning of the peritoneal catheter
14. Which laboratory parameter is essential to monitor in a patient receiving hemodialysis
to prevent dialysis-related complications?
1. Serum creatinine
2. Hemoglobin A1c
3. Serum potassium
4. Total cholesterol
15. In hemodialysis, which factor is most important in determining the rate of
ultrafiltration?
1. Blood flow rate
2. Dialysate flow rate
3. Patient's body weight
4. Duration of dialysis session
16. What is the primary responsibility of the nurse when a patient experiences
hypotension during hemodialysis?
1. Administer a hypertonic saline bolus
2. Increase the dialysate temperature
3. Reduce the blood flow rate
4. Elevate the patient's legs and notify the healthcare provider
17. Which type of peritoneal dialysis involves a continuous exchange of dialysate fluid
during the day and night?
1. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
2. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
3. Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD)
4. Hemodialysis
18. What is the primary advantage of using a catheter with a swan-neck design in
peritoneal dialysis?
1. It minimizes the risk of infection
2. It enhances the flow of dialysate

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3. It allows for easy disconnection

4. It prevents kinking and obstruction
19. Which medication is commonly prescribed to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism
in dialysis patients?
1. Calcium gluconate
2. Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)
3. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
20. During a peritoneal dialysis assessment, the nurse observes cloudy effluent. What
might this indicate?
1. A dialysis catheter infection
2. Adequate dialysis clearance
3. Normal peritoneal membrane function
4. Hypovolemia

21. Which dietary restriction is often necessary for patients on hemodialysis to manage
electrolyte imbalances?
1. Low sodium
2. Low protein
3. Low fat
4. Low fiber
22. What is the primary role of the dialysis nurse when a patient is receiving continuous
renal replacement therapy (CRRT)?
1. Administering pain medication
2. Monitoring urine output
3. Adjusting the dialysate flow rate
4. Ensuring circuit patency and monitoring vital signs
23. Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat hyperphosphatemia in
dialysis patients?
1. Calcium gluconate
2. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
3. Sevelamer (Renagel)

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4. Magnesium sulfate
24. What is the purpose of the Kt/V (clearance times time over volume) measurement in
dialysis therapy?
1. To assess the patient's nutritional status
2. To measure the adequacy of dialysis
3. To calculate the patient's fluid balance
4. To monitor the patient's blood pressure
25. In peritoneal dialysis, which type of dialysate solution contains dextrose and helps
remove excess fluid and waste?
1. Hypertonic dialysate
2. Hypotonic dialysate
3. Isotonic dialysate
4. Colloidal dialysate
26. Which of the following complications is commonly associated with hemodialysis
access sites?
1. Venous stenosis
2. Hypokalemia
3. Hypercalcemia
4. Erythropoietin deficiency
27. What is the primary function of the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis?
1. Filtration of blood
2. Protection of abdominal organs
3. Absorption of excess fluid and waste products
4. Regulation of electrolyte balance
28. Which medication is typically administered to prevent or manage complications during
hemodialysis, such as itching and cramps?
1. Gabapentin (Neurontin)
2. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
3. Lisinopril (Prinivil)
4. Metformin (Glucophage)
29. What is the primary purpose of the Tenckhoff catheter in peritoneal dialysis?
1. To measure blood pressure
2. To facilitate blood sampling
3. To remove waste products from the bloodstream
4. To infuse and drain dialysate fluid from the peritoneal cavity

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30. Which complication should the nurse be vigilant for when administering erythropoietin
to a patient with chronic kidney disease?
1. Hyperkalemia
2. Hypertension
3. Hypoglycemia
4. Hypercalcemia

31. What is the primary purpose of conducting a "dry weight" assessment for a patient
undergoing hemodialysis?
1. To measure the patient's weight without any clothing
2. To determine the patient's pre-dialysis weight
3. To assess the patient's fluid status before and after dialysis
4. To calculate the patient's daily dietary intake
32. Which of the following medications may be prescribed to treat hyperkalemia in a
dialysis patient?
1. Warfarin (Coumadin)
2. Calcium gluconate
3. Insulin and glucose
4. Naloxone (Narcan)
33. What is the primary function of the arteriovenous graft in hemodialysis?
1. To remove waste products from the bloodstream
2. To promote fluid retention
3. To connect an artery and a vein for dialysis access
4. To deliver dialysate solution to the peritoneal cavity
34. In peritoneal dialysis, which method of dialysate exchange involves the use of a
machine to perform the exchanges overnight?
1. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
2. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
3. Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD)
4. Hemodialysis
35. Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly associated with metabolic acidosis in
dialysis patients?

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1. Hyperkalemia
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Hypermagnesemia
4. Hyperphosphatemia
36. What is the primary role of the nurse when assessing a patient's vascular access site
for hemodialysis?
1. Monitoring urine output
2. Documenting bowel movements
3. Evaluating for signs of infection
4. Measuring body temperature
37. Which of the following is a common side effect of erythropoietin therapy in dialysis
patients?
1. Hypertension
2. Hypocalcemia
3. Hyperkalemia
4. Hypoglycemia
38. What is the primary function of the peritoneal dialysis catheter in the peritoneal cavity?
1. To remove waste products from the bloodstream
2. To connect the patient to the hemodialysis machine
3. To infuse and drain dialysate fluid
4. To monitor the patient's blood pressure
39. Which laboratory value is closely monitored in dialysis patients to assess the
adequacy of dialysis and evaluate urea removal?
1. Serum creatinine
2. Blood glucose
3. Hemoglobin A1c
4. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
40. Which medication is often administered before a hemodialysis session to prevent
blood clot formation within the dialysis circuit?
1. Alteplase (tPA)
2. Furosemide (Lasix)
3. Ondansetron (Zofran)
4. Insulin

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41. Which type of peritoneal dialysis involves frequent exchanges of dialysate fluid during
the day and a long dwell overnight?
1. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
2. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
3. Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD)
4. Hemodialysis
42. Which electrolyte disturbance is most commonly associated with muscle cramps and
cardiac arrhythmias in dialysis patients?
1. Hypercalcemia
2. Hypermagnesemia
3. Hyperkalemia
4. Hypophosphatemia
43. What is the primary purpose of the heparin lock in hemodialysis access?
1. To remove waste products from the bloodstream
2. To provide a site for blood pressure monitoring
3. To administer intravenous medications
4. To prevent clotting of the dialysis circuit
44. In peritoneal dialysis, which type of transport occurs when solutes and fluid move
across the peritoneal membrane with the dialysate?
1. Ultrafiltration
2. Osmosis
3. Diffusion
4. Convection
45. What is the primary role of the nurse when managing a patient's pain during dialysis?
1. Administering anticoagulants
2. Providing emotional support
3. Adjusting the dialysate temperature
4. Monitoring urine output
46. Which complication can occur if a patient on peritoneal dialysis experiences poor
catheter placement or dislodgement?
1. Hypercalcemia

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2. Peritonitis
3. Hypoglycemia
4. Hypertension
47. What is the primary goal of phosphate binders in the management of dialysis patients?
1. To enhance erythropoiesis
2. To prevent calcium deficiency
3. To lower serum phosphorus levels
4. To increase potassium levels
48. Which dialysis modality involves the use of a hemodialysis machine and a surgically
created access site called a vascular graft?
1. Peritoneal dialysis
2. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
3. Home hemodialysis
4. Hemodialysis
49. What is the primary reason for monitoring for signs of "disequilibrium syndrome"
during hemodialysis?
1. To prevent blood clot formation
2. To ensure proper fluid balance
3. To prevent intradialytic hypotension
4. To assess the patient's response to erythropoietin therapy
50. Which laboratory parameter should be monitored closely in patients receiving
continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) to evaluate acid-base status?
1. Serum calcium
2. Serum bicarbonate
3. Serum potassium
4. Serum creatinine
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1. What is the primary function of dialysis in renal care?

A: Dialysis serves as an artificial method to filter waste, excess fluids, and toxins from
the blood for individuals with impaired kidney function.
‫غسيل الكلى او امثابم ا سيلى النيعيب ل اكينيال الكيابلبلا لكسي لز الك لزلسا لكسيث لاث الكللاكالذللالكال المبي اث ا يم ا‬
. ‫ظبز الكلى‬
2. How does hemodialysis differ from peritoneal dialysis?
A: Hemodialysis filters blood externally through a machine, while peritoneal dialysis
uses the peritoneum's lining inside the abdomen as a natural filter.
‫اةك بامليثبالسييرللاغسيل الكلى الكمذلي ياامعبي الكنيابلاللر الكمع الثذ ي ا‬ ‫لق لاغسيل الكلى امينيال الكللاربذًلباث ار‬
.‫عملما‬
3. What are the key complications associated with hemodialysis access?
A: Complications include infection, thrombosis, stenosis, and inadequate blood flow due
to clotting or narrowing of the access site.
. ‫ي ث الكث ب ابلالكمل ىا لكيراذا لكي لقا للالابل ايللقالكللامسمبالكيراذاأ اي للقاث قعالك ن‬
4. How does a nurse assess a patient’s readiness for dialysis treatment?
A: Nurses evaluate patients' vital signs, fluid status, laboratory results, and overall
health condition to determine readiness for dialysis.
‫يق لالكثثذ ييبلاميقلللالكم ثبلالكول ل اكىثذ ي با وبك الكس ي لز با لكييبزتالكثريمذل با لكوبك الكنييول الكمبث اكيولللاثلىا‬
. ‫لسيملللولاكغسل الكلى‬
5. What factors influence the choice between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
for a patient?
A: Factors include patient preference, lifestyle, residual kidney function, vascular
access, comorbidities, and the availability of resources.
‫الكثنيبوم با‬ ‫با يثعالكولبسبا ظلا الكلى الكثيمقل با لك ني ا ك الي ل الكلث ل با ليثذل‬ ‫ي يث الكم لث ايا يل الكثذل‬
.‫ي للذالكث لذل‬
6. What nursing interventions are crucial during hemodialysis to prevent
complications?
A: Monitoring vital signs, assessing for signs of clotting or infection, ensuring proper
access, and managing fluids and electrolytes are vital.

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‫ييثب الك نيي الكثيبسييببا للذسالكسيي لز ا لالكليذ كللاا‬ ‫ثبلالكيراذاأ الكمل ىبا‬ ‫يملاثذلقم الكم ثبلالكول ل با يقلللا‬
.‫أثذلاول لب‬
7. How does a nurse manage a patient experiencing hypotension during dialysis?
A: Adjusting the patient's position, slowing the ultrafiltration rate, administering IV fluids
cautiously, and monitoring closely are standard interventions.
‫الاباث الكيلر لا‬ ‫عبدالكسي لز الك ذللل امواذبا لكثذلقم ا‬ ‫با معبداثمل الكيذ ييل الكابزقبا‬ ‫ييعالكثذل‬ ‫لملا ييمعا‬
. ‫لكقلبسل‬
8. What role does nutrition play in the care of dialysis patients?
A: Nutrition is crucial to manage electrolyte balance, protein intake, and fluid restriction
in line with the patient's dialysis regimen.
‫الإلكليذ كللبا ييب الكمذ يل با يقلللالكسيي لز امثباليثب يي اثعايظبلاغسييل الكلى ا‬ ‫يملالكيغال اأثذلامبكغاليوثل اإلللذساي ل‬
. ‫كىثذل‬
9. How does a nurse educate a patient about self-care in peritoneal dialysis?
A: Education involves training on aseptic techniques, proper catheter care, dialysate
exchange procedures, monitoring for complications, and emergency responses.
‫لي ييث الكيمىللالكيلذلبا ى ايقيلبلالكيمقللبا لكذ بل الكثيبسييم اكىقسييعذسبا ًذلدللايمبل الكللبكللبا ثذلقم الكث ييب ابلبا‬
.‫لالسيًبمبلاكوباللالكع لذئ‬
10. What are the complications associated with long-term dialysis treatment?
A: Complications include cardiovascular disease, anemia, bone disease, neuropathy,
infection, and emotional or psychological issues.
‫الكمنييمابا لكمل ىبا لكق ييبلبا‬ ‫الكمظبلبا لال ي‬ ‫الكقىبا لي ل الكلث ل با لقذالكللبا أثذل‬ ‫ي ييث الكث ييب ابلاأثذل‬
. ‫لكمبعال اأ الكياسل‬
11. How does a nurse assess the adequacy of dialysis treatment?
A: Assessments involve monitoring laboratory values (urea reduction ratio, Kt/V), fluid
status, patient symptoms, and overall well-being post-dialysis.
‫با لكنيو الكمبث ا‬ ‫الكثذل‬ ‫با وبك الكسي لز با أ ذل‬Kt/V)‫الكل ذلببا‬ ‫يي يث الكيقللثبلاثذلقم الكقللالكثرمذل ( يسيم ايرال‬
. ‫مملاغسل الكلى‬
12. What are the potential psychological impacts of long-term dialysis on patients?
A: Patients may experience depression, anxiety, decreased quality of life, and
adjustment difficulties due to the demanding nature of treatment.
. ‫اي ل الكولبسا نم مبلالكيلل امسمباعملم الكم جالكنمم‬ ‫اث الالليزببا لكقىقا ليراب‬ ‫قلالمبياالكثذ‬
13. How does a nurse manage fluid overload in a dialysis patient?

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A: Implementing strict fluid intake restrictions, adjusting dialysis prescription, and

monitoring closely for signs of volume overload are essential steps.
‫ثبلالكوث الك لزلا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫الاباموابا‬ ‫لملاييالااقل لانييبذث ا ى اييب الكس ي لز با يملل ا نييا اغسييل الكلى با لكثذلقم ا‬
. ‫كىوًلاث الكرع للاليسبسل‬
14. What complications might arise from inadequate dialysis treatment?
A: Accumulation of toxins, electrolyte imbalances, fluid overload, and worsening of
symptoms associated with kidney failure are possible complications.
. ‫الكلى ياوااث ب ابلاثويثى‬ ‫الكثذيمع امبكا‬ ‫الكميبنذبا لبلسالكس لز با يابقلالي ذل‬ ‫اي ل‬ ‫يذلللالكسث لبا لري‬
15. How does a nurse approach pain management in dialysis patients?
A: Using non-pharmacological interventions, prescribing appropriate pain medications,
and assessing the cause of pain to tailor treatment are key steps.
. ‫لملالسيرلللالكيلر لاغلذالكل لزل با ن األ ل اليكلالكثيبسم با يقلللاسمباليكلاكينثللالكم جاث الكرع للاليسبسل‬
16. What role does infection control play in dialysis care?
A: Rigorous infection control practices, including proper hand hygiene, aseptic
techniques, and catheter care, are crucial to prevent infections in dialysis patients.
‫يميمذالكثثبذسييييبلالكنييييبذث اكثلبلو الكمل ىبامثبالاااكاايظبل الكللل الكثيبسييييم با لكيقيلبلالكثمقث با ذ بل الكقسييييعذسبا‬
. ‫ذ ذل اكثيعالكمل ىاكلىاثذ اغسل الكلى‬
17. How does a nurse support a patient transitioning from conservative
management to dialysis?
A: Providing emotional support, educating about treatment options, involving the
patient in decision-making, and addressing concerns are critical steps.
‫اواارع للا‬ ‫الااليريباالكقذلذا ثميبكًي الكثريب‬ ‫يييييذلاالكثذل‬ ‫ايقيلللالكيل لالكميبعااا لكياقل او ارليبذللالكم جا‬
. ‫وبسث‬
18. What educational topics are important for a dialysis patient's family members?
A: Understanding the dialysis process, recognizing signs of complications, assisting
with dietary restrictions, and providing emotional support are crucial.
‫ثبلالكث ب ابلبا لكثسب لسالاالكقل لالكغالزل با ي للذالكل لالكمبعاااأثذامبكغا‬ ‫الهلا ثىل اغسل الكلى با لكيمذ ا ى ا‬
. ‫ليوثل‬
19. How does a nurse assess the patency of a dialysis access site?
A: By palpating for thrill or bruit, monitoring for signs of infection or clotting, and
collaborating with specialists for regular access assessments.
‫ثبلالكمل ىاأ الكيراذبا لكيمب اثعالكثيرنينيل اإلًذلدايقللثبلالك ني ا‬ ‫ث ار ايوسي الإلابذساأ الكىغعبا ثذلقم ا‬
. ‫لكثييظث‬

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20.What considerations should a nurse take into account when caring for pediatric
dialysis patients?
A: Pediatric considerations include growth monitoring, psychosocial support, family
involvement, and specialized care for the child's developmental stage.
‫ي يث ال يمبذللاعباليعاب اثذلقم الكيث ا لكل لالكياسياا لالًيثب اا ث يبذل اليسيذسا لكذ بل الكثيرنيني اكثذوى ايث ا‬
. ‫لكعا‬
21. What precautions should a nurse take when administering medications to a
dialysis patient?
A: Adjusting medication doses based on renal function, avoiding nephrotoxic drugs,
and timing medications in accordance with dialysis schedules are crucial.
‫لملا يمعاًذ بلالكل لداميبدا ى ا ظلا الكلى با يًيباليل ل الكسيبث اكىلى با ي قللاليل ل ا لقباكًلل اغسيل الكلى اأثذلا‬
. ‫مبكغاليوثل‬
22. How does a nurse assist in the management of anemia in dialysis patients?
A: Monitoring hemoglobin levels, administering erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
(ESAs),‫ا‬and ensuring adequate iron levels through supplementation if needed.
‫يثب اثسيي لبلالبلل اث الكولللاث ا‬ ‫( با‬ESAs)‫ثذلقم اثسيي لبلالكهلث ًى مل با للذسا لث ايوال ايل الكلذلبلالكوثذ‬
.‫ر الكثلث لا الاك لاليثذ‬
23. What are the challenges in providing dialysis care to patients with multiple
comorbidities?
A: Coordinating complex care plans, managing polypharmacy, addressing conflicting
treatment goals, and ensuring patient compliance pose significant challenges.
‫بال يل ا‬ ‫يثب الثياب الكثذل‬ ‫اييسيلقارععالكذ بل الكثمقلسبا للذسالإللذلعالكل لزابا ثمبكً اأولل الكم جالكثي يبذم با‬
.‫يوللبلالملذس‬
24. How does a nurse educate a patient about potential dietary restrictions in
dialysis?
A: Educating about limiting potassium, phosphorus, and sodium intake, while ensuring
adequate protein intake, and providing meal planning guidance.
‫لكياقل او الكولاث اييب الكم يبسييل لا لكا سييا ذا لكني لل لباثعا ييثب اييب الثل البلل اث الكمذ يل با يقلللا ذ ييبلللا‬
.‫كيرعلعالك ًمبل‬
25. What are the signs and symptoms of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, and
how is it managed?
A: Symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status. Management
involves slowing dialysis, supportive care, and correcting electrolyte imbalances.

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‫ايي ييييث الإلللذسا معبداغسييييل الكلى با لكذ بل الكلل ث با‬. ‫ي ييييث الي ذل الكنييييللاا لكغالب ا لكقادا يغلذالكوبك الكمقىل‬
.‫ينول الري اي ل الك لذل‬
26. How does a nurse assist in preventing access-related infections in dialysis
patients?
A: Strict aseptic techniques during access care, educating patients about proper
hygiene, and surveillance for early signs of infection are crucial.
‫يميمذايقيلبلالكيمقللالكنيبذث اأايبدالك ني ا ك الكذ بل با ياقل الكثذ ي او الكيظبل الكثيبسيم با ثذلقم الكم ثبلالكثملذسا‬
. ‫كىمل ىاأثذلامبكغاليوثل‬
27. What strategies can a nurse employ to promote vascular access preservation
in long-term dialysis patients?
A: Educating patients on self-care techniques, early detection of access problems,
optimizing blood flow, and collaborating with vascular specialists.
‫اث يييبل الك نييي با يوسيييل ايللقالكللبا لكيمب اثعا‬ ‫ياقل الكثذ ييي او ايقيلبلالكذ بل الكاليل با لكل ييي الكثملذا‬
. ‫ثيرنناالي ل الكلث ل‬
28. What nursing interventions are essential to prevent dialysis-related
amyloidosis?
A: Monitoring and controlling serum beta-2 microglobulin levels, optimizing dialysis
dose, and utilizing high-flux membranes to minimize amyloid deposition.
‫الاالكللبا يوسيل اًذ اغسيل الكلى با لسييرلللاليغ يل ا بكل الكيللقاكيقىل ا‬2-‫ثذلقم ا لكيوللالااثسيي لبلالكًى مل كل امليب‬
.‫يذسباليثلى لل‬
29. How does a nurse approach patient education regarding the potential
psychosocial impacts of dialysis?
A: Encouraging open communication, providing resources for support groups or
counseling, and addressing emotional concerns to enhance coping mechanisms.
. ‫الكمبعال اكيم ل اةكلبلالكيلل‬ ‫ي ًلعالكي لن الكثاي حبا ي للذالكث لذلاكثًث بلالكل لاأ الالسي بذسبا ثمبكً الكثرب‬
30. What measures can a nurse take to minimize the risk of hypotension during
dialysis?
A: Adjusting the dialysis prescription, optimizing fluid management, administering
saline boluses cautiously, and closely monitoring patient response.
.‫الاب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫معا نا اغسل الكلى با يوسل ا للذسالكس لز با للذساًذ بلالكثلبهالكثبكو امواذبا ثذلقم السيًبم الكثذل‬

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MediThen Ai

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