CERTIFICATE

Lucknow Public School Madhoganj
BIOLOGY FILE
TOPIC: MICROBES IN
HUMAN WELFARE
CLASS XII B
SESSION:2024-25
Submitted To: Submitted By:

Mr. Arun Kasaudhan Skand Patel
Certificate
This is to certify that Skand
Patel of class 12 B has
successfully completed the
project file on the topic
Microbes in Human Welfare
under the guidance of Mr. Arun
Kasaudhan during the year
2024-25.
Teacher’s Sign
Principal’s Sign
Examiner’s Sign
Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude
to our Principal, Mr. K.K. Sharma, for
providing me with this invaluable
opportunity to undertake a project on the
topic of microbes in human welfare. This
project has offered me a chance to delve
deeply into research and gain a thorough
understanding of such an important subject.
My sincerest thanks also go to my biology
teacher, Mr. Arun Kasaudhan, for his
unwavering support and guidance, which
was readily available to me whenever needed.
I am immensely grateful to my parents for
offering me the facilities and a nurturing
environment at home that enabled me to
focus on my work. Lastly, I am thankful to
my friends, whose constant support and
encouragement helped me complete this
project within the stipulated time.
-Skand
Table of Contents
1. •INTRODUCTION
2. •MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION.
3. •MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION.
4. •ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION.
5. •ENZYME PRODUCTION.
6. •MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT.
7. •MICROBES IN BIOGAS PRODUCTION.
8. •MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS.
9. •MICROBES AS BIOFERTILIZERS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
•The branch of biology which deals with the
study of microorganism are called as
MICROBIOLOGY.
•The biosphere i.e the biotic and abiotic
component has a variety of microorganisms
that exhibit beneficial activities.
•They include small algae , fungi ,bacteria ,
protozoans , mycoplasmas and related
organisms.
•A large number of microbes help human
civilization through their useful activities.
•These activities are either of domestic,
industrial or commercial importance.
•It has several applied branches such as
medical microbiology, food microbiology,
industrial microbiology, etc.
CHAPTER 2
MICROBES IN
HOUSEHOLD
PRODUCTION
•A number of microbes are involved in their

production through the process of fermentation.
•The use of microbes in food production is
almost as old as human civilization. Traditionally
a number of microbes from the surrounding
environment are being used in production of
several indigenous fermented foods
A) MICROBES IN
FOOD PREPARATION:
•The dough for dhokla is prepared by mixing grain

flour with butter milk. The lactobacilli bring about
the fermentation process. Many species of bacteria
and yeast are useful in making idli and dosa. The
bubbles of cc\ trapped in glutein make idlies puffy.
The microorganisms like species of bacillus,
candida and saccharomyces are involved in this
process.
B) MICROBES AS
THE SOURCE OF
FOOD:
•Some microbes or their fruiting bodies are
directly used as a source of food, rich in
protein. The term SCP or single cell protein
denotes dead and dried cells of microbes
like bacteria, algae, molds and yeast.
•Mushrooms and truffles are directly used
as food. They belong to basidiomycetes
and produce large fleshy fruiting bodies
which are edible.
CHAPTER 3
MICROBES IN
INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION:
•A) production of alcoholic beverages:
•Alcoholic beverages are the products
of alcoholic fermentation of specific
substrates. They include liquors like
wine, beer and whisky.
•Beer is another alcoholic liquor
obtained from fermented grains,
mostly barley. Suitable strains of S.
cerevisiae are used for fermentation.
•Whisky is obtained by fermenting
mixed grains of corn, wheat, bailey, etc.
the product of fermentation is then
distilled.
c) ORGANIC ACID
FERMENTATION:
A number of organic acids are
obtained by fermentation using
various microbes.
•Eg: citrus acid, fumaric acid etc..
•
•D) VITAMIN PRODUCTION:
•Vitamins are complex organic
compounds required in very small
quantities for normal growth and
development of the body.
•Eg: vitamin B2, vitamin B12 etc..
CHAPTER 4
ANTIBIOTIC
PRODUCTION:
•Some secondary metabolites, products of

fermentation, have therapeutie importance arid are
used in medical treatment.
•Antibiotics are the substances produced in small
amounts by certain microbes to inhibit die growth
of other microbes.
•They may be anti fungal or anti bacterial.
GIBBERELLIN
PRODUCTION:
•Some secondary metabolites, products of

fermentation, have therapeutie importance arid are
used in medical treatment.
•Antibiotics are the substances produced in small
amounts by certain microbes to inhibit die growth
of other microbes.
•They may be anti fungal or anti bacterial.
CHAPTER 5
ENZYME
PRODUCTION
•Enzymes are biocatalysts, which either initiate or

accelerate all biochemical processes in living
organisms.
•A number of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade
starch, proteins, fats, and pectinase were used in
food processing.
•Various products are obtained from milk in dairy
industry using microbial species.
MICROBES IN
SEWAGE
TREATMENT:
•Large quantity of waste water are generated every
day in cities and towns.
•This waste water is also called sewage.
•Sewage water usually contains high levels of
organic matter, human excreta and domestic
wastes and microbes.
•It must be treated in sewage treatment plants.
CHAPTER 6
MICROBES IN
BIOGAS
PRODUCTION
•Biogas production by microbes is a complex
process and involves several anaerobic microbial
species growing in marshy places.
•Plant wastes and animal wastes are commonly
used for biogas generation.
•The biogas contains about 50-80% methane ans
other gases in traces.
METHANOGENESIS:
•The anaerobic digestion occurs by certain

anaerobic bacteria like species of clostridium etc.
•These monomers are further converted into
organic acids, chiefly acetic acid by enzymes of
acidogenic bacteria.
•These bacteria include species of methanococcus
and methanobacillus.
CHAPTER 7
MICROBES AS
BIOCONTROL
AGENTS
•The biological agents which can be used to kill or
check the proliferation of disease causing agents
are called biopesticides.
•Use of micro organisms or biological methods for
controlling plant diseases and pets is called
biocontrol.
•Use of chemical pesticides and insecticides is
effective but these chemicals are toxic and
extremely harmful to humans. •Therefore use of
chemical pesticides should be minimum.
CHAPTER 8
MICROBES AS
BIOFERTILIZERS
•For the ever increasing demand of agricultural

products chemical fertilizers are traditionally used
on large scale to obtain more yield.
•Therefore for better and sustainable agricultural
production, the use of renewable nutritional
sources. It is essential to switch over to organic
farming.
Bibliography
Books:
Biology NCERT Book
Websites:
www.wikipedia.com
www.who.int

CERTIFICATE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CERTIFICATE

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CERTIFICATE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lucknow Public School Madhoganj

Submitted To: Submitted By:

•A number of microbes are involved in their

•The dough for dhokla is prepared by mixing grain

•Some secondary metabolites, products of

•Some secondary metabolites, products of

•Enzymes are biocatalysts, which either initiate or

•The anaerobic digestion occurs by certain

•For the ever increasing demand of agricultural

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.