"source": [

"from PIL import Image,ImageChops,ImageEnhance\n",

"source": [
"# ‫ط© ط§ظ‚ظ‬،‫ط§ط‬±‫ط„ط‬µ‫ظ‬±‫ظ ‡ظˆط‬ƒ‫ظ‬ƒ‫ط †ط§ط¦ظ‬µ‫ظ‬±‫\‡ظˆط‬n",
"im = Image.open(r\"C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\BB.jpg\")\n",
"im1 = Image.open(r\"C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\RR.png\")"]

"source": [
"im2= cv2.imread(r\"C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\BB.jpg\")\n",
"im3 = cv2.imread(r\"C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\RR.png\")"]

"source": [
"im3"]

"source": [
"im2"

"source": [
"type(im1)"]

"source": [
"type(im2)"]

"source": [
"gim=im.convert(\"L\")\n",
"gim.show()\n",
"# L ---> gray image\n",
"# RGB\n",
"# RGBA\n",
"# CMYK"]

"source": [
"gim"]

"source": [
"rim=im.convert(\"RGB\")\n",
"# ‫ﻇﭩط¯ ظ‬¹‫ظ…ط§ط¦ظ‚طهط‬³‫ ظ…ط© ط¨ط§ط‬،‫ظˆط§طه †ظ‚ط§ط‬
‫\†ظˆط§ظ„ط§ظ„ط§ظ‬n",
"rim.getbands()"]

"source": [
 "# ‫ﻇﭩظ‚طهظ‬³‫ط„ط§ظ …ط‬µ‫ظ‬±‫ظ„ط§ظ ‡ظˆط‬‰ ‫ط§ط» „ط»ظ„ط§ظ‬
‫\ظˆط§طه†ظ‚ظ„ط§ظ‬n",
"red,green,blue=rim.split()"]

"source": [
"# ‫طهظ‬ƒ‫ط…ظ †ظˆﻇﭩظ‬µ‫ﻇﭙظˆﻇﭙط© ط§ط‬µ‫ ط¨ظ‬±‫ طط¬ظ†ﻇﭙط§ط‬³‫…ﻇﭙط‬
‫ط…ظ‬µ‫ط…ط§طظ„ط§ظ †ظˆظ„ظ„ﻇﭙظˆﻇﭙط© ط§ظ‬±\n",
"zeros=red.point(lambda _:0)\n",
"# ‫طهظ‬ƒ‫ط„ط§ظ †ظˆﻇﭩظ‬µ‫ظ‬±‫ط…ط¨ظ ‡ظˆط‬µ‫„ط§ظ †ظˆظ„ظ„ﻇﭙظˆﻇﭙط© ط§ظ‬-‫ط§ط‬
‫ ﻇﭙظ…ظ‬±‫\·ط‚ط‬n",
"red_im=Image.merge(\"RGB\",(red,zeros,zeros))\n",
"red_im.show()"]

"source": [
"green_im=Image.merge(\"RGB\",(zeros,green,zeros))\n",
"green_im.show()"
]

"source": [
"blue_im=Image.merge(\"RGB\",(zeros,zeros,blue))\n",
"blue_im.show()"]

"source": [
"im=im.convert(\"RGB\")\n",
"inv_im=ImageChops.invert(im)\n",
"inv_im"]

"source": [
"#‫ظ„ط´ط¯ط© ط§ظ‬،‫طهط¶ط§ط‬³‫\ ‡ط§ط‬n",
"# ‫ط§ ظ‬°‫ط§ط‬ƒ‫ظ„ط§ظ †ط§ظ‬±‫ط§ظ …ظ‚ط‬ƒ‫ ظ‬±‫ظˆط§طط¯ ﻇﭩظﭙطهط „ط§ظ †ظ…ط¨ط‬
‫ط„ط§ظ‬µ‫ظ‬±‫ظ ‡ظˆط‬ƒ‫ط§ ظ…ط§ظ „ظ…ط§ظ‬°‫ط§ ط§ط‬ƒ‫ظˆط§طط¯ „ط§ظ †ظ…ظ „ظ‚ط§ظ †ط§ظ‬
‫ط§ظ‬ƒ‫ظˆط§ط‬³‫ ط‬±‫\¯ط»ط‬n",
"#factor>1 --> more light\n",
"#factor <1 -->more dark\n",
"enhancer=ImageEnhance.Brightness(im)"]
"execution_count": 30,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"

"source": [
"factor=0.3\n",
"en_im=enhancer.enhance(factor)\n",
"en_im"]

"source":[
"# ‫\تزيد اﻻبيض للبياض وتزيد اﻻسود للسواد‬n",
"enhancer=ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)\n",
"factor=3\n",
"en_im=enhancer.enhance(factor)\n",
"en_im"]
"source": [
"Basic gray levels transformation"]

"source": [
"# Image negative\n",
"inv_im=ImageChops.invert(im)\n",
"inv_im"]

"source": [
"# Log transformation\n",
"c = 255 / np.log(1 + np.max(im2)) \n",
"log_image = c * (np.log(im2 + 1)) \n",
"\n",
"# float value will be converted to int \n",
"log_image = np.array(log_image, dtype = np.uint8) \n",
"\n",
"plt.imshow(im2) \n",
"plt.show() \n",
"plt.imshow(log_image) \n",
"plt.show() "]

"source": [
"# power transformation\n",
"gamma = 0.1 \n",
"gamma_corrected = np.array(255*(im2 / 255) ** gamma,
dtype = 'uint8') \n",
"cv2.imwrite('gamma_transformed'+str(gamma)+'.jpg',
gamma_corrected) \n",
"\n",
"gamma =0.5\n",
"gamma_corrected = np.array(255*(im2 / 255) ** gamma,
dtype = 'uint8') \n",
"cv2.imwrite('gamma_transformed'+str(gamma)+'.jpg',
gamma_corrected)\n",
"\n",
"gamma = 1.2\n",
"gamma_corrected = np.array(255*(im2 / 255) ** gamma,
dtype = 'uint8') \n",
"cv2.imwrite('gamma_transformed'+str(gamma)+'.jpg',
gamma_corrected)\n",
"\n",
"gamma = 2.2 \n",
"gamma_corrected = np.array(255*(im2 / 255) ** gamma,
dtype = 'uint8') \n",
"cv2.imwrite('gamma_transformed'+str(gamma)+'.jpg',
gamma_corrected)" ]

"source": [
"# Piecewise linear transformation\n",
 "# 1- contrast stretching\n",
"\n",
"def pixelVal(pix, r1, s1, r2, s2):\n",
" if (0 <= pix and pix <= r1): \n",
" return (s1 / r1)*pix \n",
" elif (r1 < pix and pix <= r2): \n",
" return ((s2 - s1)/(r2 - r1)) * (pix - r1) + s1
\n",
" else: \n",
" return ((255 - s2)/(255 - r2)) * (pix - r2) + s2
\n",
" \n",
"\n",
"\n",
" \n",
"# Define parameters. \n",
"r1 = 70\n",
"s1 = 0\n",
"r2 = 140\n",
"s2 = 255\n",
" \n",
"\n",
"pixelVal_vec = np.vectorize(pixelVal) \n",
"contrast_stretched = pixelVal_vec(im2, r1, s1, r2, s2)
\n",
" \n",
"cv2.imwrite('contrast_stretch.jpg', contrast_stretched)"]

"source": [
"# 2- gray level slicing\n",
"# Without backgroung\n",
"# gray image\n",
"img = cv2.imread(r\"C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\BB.jpg\",
0)\n",
"\n",
"row, column= img.shape\n",
"\n",
"# Create an zeros array to store the sliced image\n",
"img1 = np.zeros((row,column),dtype = 'uint8')\n",
"\n",
"min_range = 80\n",
"max_range = 140\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"for i in range(row):\n",
" for j in range(column):\n",
" if img[i,j]>min_range and img[i,j]<max_range:
\n",
" img1[i,j] = 255\n",
" else: \n",
" img1[i,j] = 0\n",
 " #img1[i,j] = img[i,j] # with background\n",
"\n",
"cv2.imwrite('slicedimage.jpg', img1)\n",
"\n"]

"source": [
"# color image\n",
"\n",
"img =
cv2.imread(r\"C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\BB.jpg\")\n",
"\n",
"row, column, channels = img.shape\n",
"\n",
"img1 = np.zeros((row, column, channels),
dtype='uint8')\n",
"\n",
"min_range = np.array([80, 80, 80]) # ‫نطاق الحد اﻷدنى‬
‫(لﻜﻞ قناة‬R, G, B)\n",
"max_range = np.array([140, 140, 140]) # ‫نطاق الحد اﻷعلى‬
‫(لﻜﻞ قناة‬R, G, B)\n",
"\n",
"for i in range(row):\n",
" for j in range(column):\n",
" if np.all(img[i, j] > min_range) and
np.all(img[i, j] < max_range):\n",
" img1[i, j] = [255, 255, 255] \n",
" else:\n",
" img1[i, j] = 0\n",
" # img1[i, j] = img[i, j] # with
background\n",
"\n",
"cv2.imwrite(\"sliced_image.jpg\", img1)"]

"source": [
"# Histogram\n",
"img =
cv2.imread(r\"C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\BB.jpg\",0)\n",
"cv2.imwrite(\"gray_image.jpg\", img)\n",
"# ravel ‫تحول ﻣﻦ ﻣصفوفه ذات ابعاد ﻣختلفه الى ﻣصفوفه ذات‬
‫\بعد واحد ﻻن الهيستوجرام ﻻ يتعاﻣﻞ اﻻ ﻣﻊ بعد واحد‬n",
"plt.hist(img.ravel(),256,[0,255])\n",
"plt.show"
]
"source": [
"# equalization \n",
"equ=cv2.equalizeHist(img)\n",
"\n",
"cv2.imwrite(\"equ_image.png\",equ)\n",
"plt.hist(equ.ravel(),256,[0,255])\n",
"plt.show"]