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87 views

Intro Gen AI 6p

Uploaded by

Walid Sassi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Generative AI

What is Generative AI? Understanding the Basics


Generative AI is a subset of artificial intelligence that focuses on creating new content rather than
just analyzing or categorizing existing data. Generative AI is an evolution from AI to ML, which ena-
bles systems to learn from data, and DL, which uses deep neural networks to model complex pat-
terns and generates output that mimics human creativity, such as text, images, audio, and video.

GENERATIVE AI
Real-world examples of generative models include deep fake videos, where realistic face swapping
is achieved, and AI-generated artwork sold at auctions. These applications demonstrate generative
AI’s transformative impact and potential in various industries and its ability to enhance creativity.

Core Concepts in Generative AI


Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI): The broad field fo-
cused on building systems that can perform tasks
requiring human-like intelligence. Machine Learning

Machine learning (ML): Techniques enabling


computers to learn from data and improve with- Deep Learning
out explicit programming.
Gen AI
Deep learning (DL): A branch of ML involving
neural networks with multiple layers that can
model intricate data patterns.
Introduction to Generative AI

Popular Generative AI Models


Generative AI models vary in architecture and application, but they all aim to produce new content
across different modalities.
1. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers):
Although BERT is primarily used for understanding context in text (masked language modeling),
it serves as a foundation for many generative tasks by improving comprehension and contextual
accuracy.

vectorized representation
complete sentence BERT Model of masked sentences

2. GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4):


An advanced language model that generates coherent
and contextually accurate text. It improves upon
GPT-3 in understanding context, handling complex
tasks, and providing more accurate
responses across various applications, including
writing, coding, and problem-solving.

3. DALL·E:
A model developed by OpenAI, designed to generate
images from textual descriptions. It can create highly
detailed and imaginative visuals, making it useful for
artistic and design purposes.

4. Gemini:
This is a newer model designed for multimodal
generation, capable of handling text, images, and
audio simultaneously, paving the way for more
integrated and immersive AI applications.

5. Llama-3:
Llama-3 is a state-of-the-art large language model
developed by Meta (formerly Facebook). Building on
the strengths of its predecessors, Llama-3 focuses on
enhancing performance in natural language
understanding and generation.

6. Ollama:
Ollama is a generative AI model that specializes in
producing text, images, and other content formats.
Ollama is particularly known for its ability to integrate
seamlessly with existing workflows, making it a popular
choice for businesses and developers looking to
incorporate generative AI into their products.
Introduction to Generative AI

Modes and Applications of Generative AI


Generative AI models excel in multiple modalities, including text, images, audio, and video, with each
mode having unique challenges and capabilities.

Text generation

Models like GPT-4 generate coherent and contextually relevant text based on
input prompts. These tools are used for creating articles, scripts, dialogues,
and automated responses. They help streamline content creation by
producing human-like text efficiently and accurately.

Image generation (DALL·E)

DALL·E generate original images from text, combining creativity and


realism. These tools are used in digital art and content creation to pro-
duce unique visuals that blend various styles and elements.

Audio generation

WaveNet and similar models generate natural, human-like speech and music.
These technologies are utilized in virtual assistants, automated services, and
creating original soundtracks tailored to specific themes or emotions.

Video generation

Advanced models create or modify videos, enhancing filmmaking and animation.


Tools like Sora enable the generation of video content with AI-driven effects,
streamlining the video production process and expanding creative possibilities.

Summarization

LLMs can condense long articles, documents, or conversations into concise


summaries, capturing the essential points without losing critical information.
This is useful for quickly digesting large volumes of text in journalism,
research, and business.
Introduction to Generative AI

Sentiment analysis

LLMs can analyze and classify the sentiment expressed in a text, identifying
whether it is positive, negative, or neutral. This is valuable in social media
monitoring, customer feedback analysis, and market research.

Question answering

LLMs like GPT-4 can process and understand questions in natural language
and generate accurate, contextually relevant answers. This capability is widely
used in chatbots, virtual assistants, and customer support systems.
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Creative writing

Beyond technical text generation, LLMs can craft poetry, fiction, and other
creative content, offering new tools for writers and artists to explore innovative
storytelling techniques.

Code generation and debugging

LLMs can write, complete, and even debug code across various programming
languages, assisting developers in automating routine tasks, generating
boilerplate code, and finding bugs in their codebase.

Types of Generative Models


Generative AI employs various models, each suited to different types of data generation tasks:

RNNs (Recurrent neural networks)

This model is ideal for sequence generation, such as text and audio; RNNs
generate outputs one step at a time while considering the sequence of
previous outputs.
Introduction to Generative AI

GANs (Generative adversarial networks)

This model consists of a generator that creates data and a discriminator that
evaluates it. This adversarial process improves the quality of generated content,
and it is commonly used for realistic image generation.

Transformers

Especially useful for text generation, transformers use self-attention


mechanisms to focus on relevant parts of the input, allowing for
Ich mag Wissenschaft
more coherent and contextually appropriate outputs. LLMs like
GPT-4, BERT, and others are built on the transformer architecture.
The key advantage of LLM transformers is their ability to process and Encoder Decoder
generate text by considering the relationships between all words in a
sentence simultaneously rather than sequentially. This parallel
I like science
processing capability allows LLMs to understand and generate more
complex and nuanced text.

Diffusion models

These models generate data by incrementally transforming a simple initial state


(like noise) into a complex structure, often used in image and video synthesis.

Key Terms and Concepts in Generative AI


Generative AI is built on foundational models that serve as the basis for various specialized tasks.
Fine-tuning these models on specific datasets enables them to excel in targeted applications, such as
text generation, image creation, or video synthesis.

Large language Models trained on vast amounts of text to understand and generate human-like
models (LLMs) language, e.g., GPT-3

The input provided to a generative model that guides its output, essential in
Prompt
tasks like text and image generation.

Prompt Crafting and refining prompts to get the desired output from a model is a key
engineering skill in leveraging LLMs.
Introduction to Generative AI

The smallest units of text that models process; they are pieces of words or
Tokens characters that the model uses to generate content.

Outputs generated by a model not based on the input data or reality, often
Hallucinations
occurring in complex generative tasks.

An NLP model architecture that combines the retrieval-based and generation-


Retrieval-augmented based approaches to enable a model’s capability to extract information from a
generation (RAG) specified document. The language model utilizes user-specific data to pull the
relevant information.

A framework that links different models and prompts to perform complex AI


LangChain tasks, facilitating more dynamic and interactive AI systems.

Llama Index is a data structure designed to efficiently handle large language


models (LLMs) by indexing and retrieving relevant data or knowledge during text
llama index generation or other tasks. It optimizes the use of LLMs in real-time applications
by ensuring that only the most pertinent information is accessed and utilized,
thereby improving the performance and responsiveness of the model.

A specialized database for storing and querying vector embeddings, essential for
Vector database tasks like similarity searches in AI applications.

A large pretrained model that can be adapted (fine-tuned) to various specific


Foundation model
tasks, serving as the base for many generative AI applications.

Zero-shot learning enables a model to perform tasks without specific training


Zero-shot learning examples, relying on general knowledge to make inferences. It’s useful when
no labeled data is available for the task.

One-shot learning involves training a model on just one task example,


One-shot learning requiring it to generalize from this single instance to perform well on similar
tasks. It’s particularly challenging but valuable when data is extremely limited.

It trains a model with few examples, allowing it to generalize and perform well
Few-shot learning on new tasks with minimal data. This approach is effective when only a handful
of labeled examples are available.

The process of adjusting a pretrained model on a specific dataset to optimize it


Fine-tuning
for a particular task, enhancing its performance on specialized tasks.

Instruction tuning enhances LLMs by training them to follow specific instructions


Instruction tuning or prompts, improving their ability to execute complex tasks. This makes the
models more reliable and versatile for various practical applications.

LLMOps involves the practices and tools used to deploy, manage, and optimize
large language models in production environments. It includes scaling, monitoring,
LLMOps and version management to ensure efficient and effective model operation in
real-world scenarios.

These are AI systems, which perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously.


Agentic systems Single-agent systems operate independently, while multi-agent systems involve
(single/multi-agent) multiple AI agents interacting to achieve objectives, crucial for tasks requiring
coordination.

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