Concreteness:

Using exact words

and phrases. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Consciousness:
for Human beings
Keeping the message TECHNOLOGY from abacus to modern computers:
to the point and
concise.
Computer vision

Despite technological improvements , we

are dependent on nature gifts
Like food ,water , fresh air etc…
 Contents of AI and
ML
1. Understand the Basics of AI:

2. Foundations of
Programming Languages:
For AI and ML, Python
is the preferred language.
Get acquainted with its syntax and libraries,
including as
scikit-learn, pandas, and NumPy.
Resources: To improve your coding abilities,
use websites like
Codecademy or LeetCode.

https://intersog.co.il/blog/artificial-intelligence-in-a-
nutshell-types-principles-and-history/
4 KEYWORDS ,we see regularly in the Course Artificial Intelligence

.
What is AI or Artificial intelligence?
• 1) A branch of Computer science where difficult tasks for
human beings are performed .

Tasks Nature of intelligence

Common intelligence like

Regular task We need Cooking basics

Special tasks We need Special intelligence like

complex calculations ,
medical diagnosis of illness
What is a Computer ?

Result :doesn’t match

then computer denies
access to that person
How will you differentiate
human intelligence from
artificial intelligence ?
Ans:
Human intelligence is based on cognitive behaviour
where as
artificial intelligence uses models to mimic human behaviour.

Intelligent software systems are hard to

develop because replication of human
brain is theoretically possible but not
practicable as of now.
Domains of AI : INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

Completeness:
Computer
Data
vision
Data is given
Giving all the needed in binary
information format 0 and
1 for
Natural language
processing
 AI systems or chatbot AI systems generates online
l=information in a systematic way on a given topic .
1) Step by step procedure is given
2) Completeness
3) Clarity to the reader
4) Reasons if any step is difficult to understand.
5) Python Code and When executed Figure will be generated.
6) Summary and examples are given :
SMART HOMES and Smart Cities

Google Translate -
Translates text between languages
using learnt patterns, but lacks a
thorough knowledge of the topic.
Facial recognition identifies faces in
photographs, usually for security
reasons (such as unlocking iPhones).
Numerical data gets stored in Computer
storage ; similar to this figure in Nature ?
AI tools and keyword : Deep learning
Research scientists,
data scientists,
machine
learning engineers,

and other
professionals work in
deep learning.

Furthermore, deep

learning abilities can

improve your
employability
in robotics,

computer vision, and n

atural language
processing
What is Computer vision and reasons ?
• Discipline of teaching machines how to see and perceive the human
world is called Computer vision.
• Most of the online information lacks proper formatting and
organisation
• AI Technique helps to organize the knowledge for efficient usage in
daily life.
• Most of the systems pretend to be intelligent Difficulty arises when we try
solving the problems
for various tasks
Together, these two libraries enable you to:
•Capture and process video: OpenCV provides tools for capturing video frames and applying
basic image transformations.
***pip install opencv-python media pipe ***
•Apply machine learning models in real-time:
•Media Pipe provides pre-trained models optimized for real-time performance,
•such as for facial recognition, hand tracking, and pose estimation.
These libraries are often used together for projects involving
computer vision and interactive applications that require real-time detection and analysis.

media pipe: Google created Media Pipe, a framework for real-

time processing of video, audio, and sensor data. It provides ready-to-
use models for facial recognition, hand tracking, position estimation, and
object identification.

Common applications include real-

time tracking of human features (for example, hand gestures or body positions), which is
beneficial for augmented reality, interactive games, and fitness apps.
Applications of Computer vision
• 1)Defect detection : Traditionally ,defect detection is a time consuming task –carried out
by trained people in selected batches .
• Computer vision technology can detect defects such as cracks in metals ,paint defects ,bad prints
etc…..
• 2)Gaming: Microsoft Kinect is an example of a popular commercial product which is totally
oriented around AI and utilizes Computer vision technology
For children
For travelling purpose , AI is used as follows

• 3) Driverless Cars: In self driving cars ,Computer vision is one of the

key enabling technologies for detecting traffic signals , traffic lights
and weather conditions
 Duplexer: A key component that allows the same antenna to be used for both
transmitting and receiving.
It guarantees that the signal from the transmitter is transferred to the antenna and that the sig
nal is directed, free from interference, from the antenna to the receiver.
ICT TOOLS : SMARPHONES and Tablets

ICT tools are devices used in information and communication technology.

These devices are Computers ,Cell phones , Tablets , Laptops , Radio
,Television etc…

A smartphone or Mobile device is a very small pocket –sized device that has built-in
computing or internet capability.

Gaming apps : Angry bird Go Utility app :

Entertainment apps : YouTube Flash light , QR code, Calculator
,Hotstar , Netflix etc… ,Internet speed .
Bill Gates : dropped out of Harvard university
This college student formed a Microsoft company

Sudha Chandran :
Vision: A computer on every desk and every home. 16 years lost leg ;
Superb performance with wooden
Commitment and dedication: foot
Visionary and worked very hard to actualize the even after
vision repeated failures.

Hard work is the key to success

Difference between Weak AI and Strong AI ? Sure short question in interview
Strong AI or General AI refers to the concept of AI
that has the ability to think ,reason and solve
problems like a human across any task or domain
 Term AI ethics :
The term ‘AI ethics’ refers to a set of rules and principles related to AI
systems

Data on facial
and
Demographic
characteristics

**Biometric systems -AI Managing the attendance of the

employees effectively and efficiently
application in business
Other aspects of AI are as follows ?
Key term : Data analytics

Example emails : Thanks in advance – wrong

I appreciate your help with this – correct answer

Sorry for late reply – wrong

Thank you for your patience – correct sentence .
What are the activates or qualities of human
beings ?
First wave of AI :
Internet AI
Business AI: second wave We define the rules and
It works with data which is
1) Critical thinking regulations for the intelligent
systems to follows
previously recorded 2) Team work
and submitted
during customer interactions
with financial ,healthcare
and legal institutions 3) Time management
4) Goal setting
Merging the digital world
with our physical
5)
environments – third wave Interpersonal communications
of AI =PERCEPTION AI
Importance of language for human beings ----
Better organisation and Functioning
Listens
actively

Communications
Final Active
result done participants
constructively

Treat others in a
respectful and
supportive manner
 Deep Learning can be difficult since it demands a strong
basis in mathematics,
programming, and computer science.

Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence that employs ’
neural networks to process and comprehend information.

Neural networks are made up of interconnected nodes that may learn and
represent data at various levels of abstraction.

Deep Learning models excel at processing unstructured data like photos, text, and
audio.
Its applications range from computer vision and natural language processing to
speech
recognition, healthcare, finance, and robotics.

Self-driving cars, facial recognition systems, drug discovery, and autonomous robots are all
examples of deep learning-powered advancements.
Types of Visual communication :

1) Objects Messages gets delivered immediately

2) Logos
3) Instructional symbols It is simple and easy to remember
4) Sign boards
It is universal -irrespective of cultural
5) Maps
and language barriers
6) Graphics
7) Drawing or illustrations
8) Models

Bar code reader : A bar code reader is an input device which uses
laser beams to read bar codes.
 Currently we have weak AI – meaning
Computer programming needs to be done .

Start with theory: Understand fundamental concepts such as machine learning (ML), neural
networks, natural language processing (NLP), and data science.
 Latest updates of AI :

1. Understand the Basics of AI.

References or books or courses online for AI:
Courses: Take introductory courses from platforms such as Coursera, edX and Khan
Academy.

Popular titles include "AI for Everyone" by Andrew Ng.

"Machine Learning" from Stanford University
Vincent Lombardi says “ The achievements of an organisation are the results of
the combined efforts
Of each individual .

Time management is an essential skill that helps you to achieve the personal
and professional success.

Goal setting : People tend to neglect goal setting as it requires time and effort
which gives sense of fulfilment in our lifes.
 Tasks which are hard for Humans BUT EASY FOR COMPUTERS:

GPS - Global positioning systems ; preparing question papers using latex

format.
• Manufacturing and Robotics:
AI- Tesla's Autopilot
powered robots and automation technology uses
artificial intelligence a
improve manufacturing nd powerful
processes by increasing sensors to provide
efficiency, precision, semi-
autonomous driving
and productivity. capabilities in Tesla a
utomobiles.
• It can help with
Robots with AI skills can carry ou duties like as steering
t difficult jobs, manage , lane change, and ad
quality control, and operate in dan aptive
gerous areas. cruise control.
 Weak AI for
Strong AI for intelligent
Artificial
Intelligence systems:

Natural language Clustering and association techniques for

processing the data --- systems using
processing meaning programming.
coding is required

2)Examples : Advance chess software systems , 2) Incredible human level intelligence that
virtual doesn’t require programming skills for wider
Assistants for language translations. scope and applications

3)These systems need programming to be done by

human beings
Natural language Processing

It is one of the domain of the artificial

intelligence technology
The two main components of Natural language processing are
1)NLU ------ FULL FORM -------- Natural language understanding
2) NLP ------ FULL FORM --------- Natural Language Generation

NOTE:AI method of communication with an intelligent system

using naturally written or spoken languages like Hindi or English
 Method of communication with an intelligent
NLP -3RD Domain of AI system using naturally written or spoken
languages like Hindi (or) English.
Natural language Generation(NLG ):
NLG refers to the process of creating
meaningful phrases and sentences in the
form of natural language from some internal
representation .
NLU (Natural language Understanding):
An artificial intelligence language uses
computer software to recognise text or speech
Like ChatGPT generates or summarizes input speech sentences called NLU.
structured data or concept

Examples: Alexa ,Siri and

In a human like form at the Google assistant
speed of thousands of pages per
second.
Where AI can be seen ?
Caution
Inaccurate data
causes more harm
than good.
Thinking skills will
So it is duty of every
improve by
tech giant or
learning
organisation to take
Intelligent
care of all ethical
software systems.
issues while creating
and deploying an AI
system.
5. Math for AI.
Understand fundamental mathematical concepts like linear algebra, calculus,
probability, and statistics. These are essential for understanding how
algorithms
operate. How to overcome Data misuse ?? Key term –Data privacy

6. Investigate ethical AI.

Understand the ethical implications of artificial intelligence, such as data privacy, algorithm bias,
and societal impacts. There are numerous courses and readings available on this topic.
What is accurate data ?-- Correct formula
Biometric inputs

1)Fingerprint reader,
2) Face recognition
3) Hand geometry system
4) Iris recognition system

Sender : sending device that initiates to

send data ,instructions or information

Communication channel :
It is a medium on which data ,instructions
or information can travel .It can be cables
or satellites.
In Computer code: it evaluates the history
each position without focusing on the Time
zone of the game :
In a game of chess ,humans play chess like a conversation.
For each move , the player makes a plan where as the computer
doesn’t make a plan

As in the past the conic curves appear to be very interesting and

fruitful mathematical beings. -- in the field mathematics it is useful to generate 3D figures and
clear labelling for human understanding.
Difference between Data Acquisition and
Data Exploration ?????

Data acquisition : Data Exploration :

It refers to a process of
Data acquisition or data gathering understanding the nature of data in
refers to a process of identifying terms of quality ,characteristics
and gathering all data required etc… that we have to work with
for an AI PROJECT

Data visualization refers to a process of

representing data in graphical format using
Various Visualization tools
Power port --- USB port -- HDMI port --- Monitor Port --- Network
port --- Speaker port --- Microphone port

Operating system
instructions
Operating
system
interface

Challenges will help to grow --- positive affirmations

 To inculcate problem solving skills among the students:

Subject integration :

To relate certain topics of computer with other subjects

Microsoft computer vision:

Microsoft computer vision AI service developed by
Microsoft for the analysis of visual data and extracting
information in the form of text.
The study of creating, assembling, and
managing robots
—intelligent machines that can carry out activities
autonomously or under
Robotics
human
supervision—is the emphasis of the field of robotics.
• They are employed in the manufacturing, medical, and exploration sectors.

• Artificial intelligence, computer science, and engineering are all combined in robotics.

• Although they can increase productivity, safety, and efficiency, robots also bring up
moral and societal issues.
• Robotics progress is driven by advances in sensors, actuators, AI, and control systems.
FIELDS of Artificial Intelligence :

• Machine learning :
• A subset of AI that enables systems to learn automatically from
experience or past information.
• Focuses on the development of computer programs DEEP

Human
behaviour: Self grooming refers
Special task to neat and tidy
appearance . Art
Of
presentation
Activity involving :
Students have to design rough layout of floor plan of their dreams
Smart home.

Four causes of natural

resource depletion :
Over exploitation
Mining
Deforestation
Pollution
[Chloro flouro carbon ]
WEB SUPPORT
Multimedia : stream and download interactive books Various technologies in
the form of free booklets.
Teacher resources : Lesson plans

Student support centre : doubts , Courtesy and self

confidence Quiz playing and
technical solving
platform.

Self confidence :
A feeling of trust in the abilities , qualities and judgement
Consideration:
of your own.
Considering the
background ,opinion and
mindset of the target
audience
Summary of concepts covered so far :

1) Data is heart of the Artificial intelligence

2) The key goal of artificial intelligence is to build intelligent systems with vital traits and
capabilities such as
a) Reasoning and problem solving John McCarthy in
1956 coined the term
‘Artificial intelligence ‘
a) Knowledge representation at
Dartmouth College.

a) Planning and learning

a) Creativity
Father of Artificial
intelligence
Social and General intelligence
 Programming languages like C ,C ++ etc….
The Raspberry Pi is a low-cost, credit-card-sized single-board computer developed by the Raspberry Pi
Foundation.
It's designed to teach computer science and electronics but is widely used in various projects ranging from
basic learning activities to advanced DIY projects.
Programming with and without Artificial
Intelligence
A computer program with AI can answer the
generic questions it is meant to solve
A Computer program without AI
Can only answer the specific questions it is meant to
solve .
*****Modifications can be encouraged
in certain part of intelligent software
systems *** then combine together.

Modifications are not encouraged .

We can modify even a minute piece of
Modifications in the program leads to
information about the program without affecting
change in the programming structure
its structure.
.
 How to learn Programming with AI in reality ?
Apply your knowledge by working on AI projects such as
chatbots, image recognition, and
recommendation engines.
Example in next slide
Competitions: Take part in AI challenges on platforms such
as Kaggle to gain experience solving
real-world problems.
The greatest features of the real and virtual worlds come together in mixed reality.

Recent developments in Computer Vision, Advanced Input, and Display Systems have
made it feasible.
Environmental input, spatial sound, object locations, and object positioning in both real
and virtual areas are all included in the mixed reality idea.
PROJECTS USING PYTHON and Raspberry Pi
[AI systems]

Use your iPhone as a microphone to capture audio input for the Raspberry Pi.

Speech Recognition with Google API:

Use Google Speech-to-Text to convert speech to text on your Raspberry Pi.

Tokenize and Map Commands: Split text into tokens and map them to the drone.
Machine Deep
Fields
learning related to AI learning
Machine learning is a form of AI that enables Deep learning or Deep neural learning is a
systems to learn automatically from experience or subset of machine learning.
past information. How does it learn ?
The system has the ability to learn from
unstructured or unlabelled data.
Example: Auto –complete
suggestion feature in search
engines
Task : it gives better result with
Example:
more experience and data Emoji scavenger Hunt is a
web browser –based
Google , a big IT giant uses machine
game on deep learning
learning algorithms to generate weather technique.
forecasts.
This for human
beings
 Stay Updated: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving.
Stay up to date on the latest trends and technologies by reading papers on
arXiv, attending AI conferences (online or in person), and following AI blog
s and forums.

DEEP Learning : A field

related to AI
Dive into AI Libraries : More examples for DL
TensorFlow and PyTorch are the most widely used deep learning frameworks.
Begin with simple projects like image classification and text processing.
Protocol : A set of rules that outlines characteristics of how two GPS(Global Positioning System)
devices communicate over the network .

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

FTP:File Transfer Protocol

TCP/IP: Transmission Control protocol / Internet protocol

IMAP : Internet Message Access Protocol
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol It is a navigation
(direction finding)
system that helps you to
Seven C ‘s of effective Communications: navigate ,find direction
and maps of specific
Completeness –giving all the needed information locations.
Conciseness: Keeping the message to the point and concise
Consideration : Considering the background ,opinion and mindset of
the target audience .
Clarity: Clearly depicting about what one wants to say.
Concreteness: Using exact words and phrases
Courtesy : Being respectful ,friendly and honest .
 Wave explanation for AI : First wave
(1950s–1980s):
AI was founded on symbolic reasoning, imitating human decision-
making through rules and logic.
Because of their rigidity, these systems were unable to adjust to changes in their surroundings.

Second wave (1990s–2010s):

Machine learning algorithms were introduced, allowing computers to start learning from
data. AI is now capable of handling more intricate and unstructured jobs like voice and picture
recognition thanks to this wave.

Third wave (2010s–present):

Driven by deep learning, AI developed the capacity to handle enormous volumes of data, leading to
advancements in industries like autonomous vehicles and natural language processing.
Potential
Fourth wave: Concentrate on developing generic AI that resembles humans in reasoning and
decision-making.
 Sensor Eco -system
Four Waves of AI are as follows ?

First wave --- Product recommendation engine

Second wave of AI -------- Structured Data Optimization = Business AI

Third wave of AI-------------- Voice Recognition AI devices = Perception AI

Fourth wave of AI ------------Smart city and Robotics = Autonomous AI

AI technology serves as a tool to deal with global issues like

SDG’s [Sustainable development goals ]
Object recognition becomes
easy with AI systems having
computer vision .

Other examples :
Recommendation Systems
– Used by platforms like
Netflix or Amazon to
suggest content or
products based on user
behavior.
 Do not confuse coworkers with friends. Mixing the two can result in disappointment.

It's fantastic to have pleasant colleagues. However, maintaining professionalism is crucial.

Here are a few things to remember:
• Separate work and personal life.

**Important rules during Class and Lab hours**

• Avoid oversharing personal information.
• Prioritize teamwork over friendship.
• Establish boundaries to safeguard your role.
• Work relationships may alter abruptly.
Maintain professionalism to prevent disagreements and keep things going
smoothly. This keeps your professional life respectful and balanced.
Python basics:By progressively building up your knowledge, you'll
be well on your way to mastering AI!

• Features Linear input/output systems in the state and frequency domains

• Block diagram algebra: serial, parallel, feedback, and other connections
Time response: initial, step, and impulse Frequency response: Bode, Nyquist, and Nichols plots
• Control analysis: stability, reachability, observability, stability margins, and
root locus.
Control design: eigenvalue placement, linear quadratic regulator, sisotool,
handsy, and root locus_pid_designer .
Estimator design: linear quadratic estimator (Kalman filter). Nonlinear systems include optimization-
based control, function description, and differential flatness.
• The Glossary is also worth going through.
• 1. Whetting Your Appetite
• 2. Using the Python Interpreter
• 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
• 2.1.1. Argument Passing
• 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
• 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
• 2.2.1. Source Code Encoding
• 3. An Informal Introduction to Python
• 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
• 3.1.1. Numbers
• 3.1.2. Strings
• 3.1.3. Lists
 Cognitive Computing:
Integrating AI technologies to
mimic human cognitive
processes like pattern
recognition and decision-
making.
 Conventions in libraries:
A set of standard conventions are followed by the Python Control Library when utilizing various
forms of standard information.

We will presume that the control package has been imported as ct

for the duration of this
handbook.

EXAMPLE : INTELLIGENT DEVICES AND SYSTEMS

A depiction of the LTI system Python-
control can express linear time invariant (LTI) systems in state space, transfer function, or
frequency response data (FRD) format.
The majority of functions inside the toolbox can function on any of these data types, and there are
functions available for converting between kinds that are compatible.
 Ct and Pt using python code
•The Python code uses matplotlib and patches to draw basic shapes that represent the primary and
secondary windings,
• core, and labeling.
•draw_current_transformer() and draw_potential_transformer() create basic shapes to symbolize a CT and
PT.

This will provide a very simplified visual representation suitable for basic educational purposes.

For more advanced designs, consider using circuit design software or

graphics software like Inkscape or Adobe Illustrator.
• CT (Current Transformer):
Current transformers operate based on the principle of
electromagnetic induction and are typically used for measuring current
and monitoring current abnormalities.

• They work by generating an output signal through changes in the

magnetic field induced by the current.

• CTs find wide applications in current measurement and protection,

quickly detecting anomalies, such as overcurrent or short circuits.

• Different types of CTs are available for various current ranges and
applications.
Electrical part + Python code
• Ratio: CT output is related to the ratio of the measured current to the
rated current, while PT output is related to the ratio of the measured
voltage to the rated voltage.

• Typical Application Cases:

• CTs are commonly used for current monitoring and overload
protection, such as measuring the secondary current of transformers.
• PTs are used for voltage measurement, such as measuring voltage on
high-voltage lines or providing voltage signals to relays.
• Transmission time for connections with di
gital segments comprises the delay cause
d by equipment processing as well as
Propagation delay, so that both types of d
elay can contribute significantly to total tr
ansmission time.
• Guidance is crucial for designers of
• telecommunications equipment that
involves signal processing, which might increase
delay.
•
Previously, a value of 400 ms was regarded a
meaningful
• limit for network planning, particularly in voice
telephony.
The figure was not meant to guide equipment
designers, as
signal processing
State space systems we use dx/dt - linear time invariant systems [ t is a parameter ]
Which is analogous to AI systems
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1W4
pqgnDhwTbTaT3NBwvX7RXxkawPdEsK#scrollT
o=Nj-3aLvEGUmT

Example for Python coding : Control systems

graphs
 SciPy and NumPy are both essential Python libraries for
scientific computing, but they serve different purposes and
often work together.
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1BqeFBlCAWAuYvNrb6qF8gPbljM7
CEl4_#scrollTo=5EhWyhD6aSrD
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1i
nWvjTuEfWHUvmk1znDiHUKrB5uE3oDD#sc
rollTo=oFHGB2r74PLQ
 AI for Indoor Location
Finding: While GPS
suffers indoors, AI-
powered devices can use
Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, and other
local signals to
approximate location.

AI algorithms employ
signal strength and
patterns to predict the
user's location within facili
ties like
malls, airports, and
office settings.
 Summary of Topics covered so far

Mixed Reality helps to capture a user's attention by making them feel as if

they are actually in the virtual environment or project.

It has been utilized for both training and gaming applications

(such as holoportation).
This technology has been employed for a variety of medical objectives, including
the treatment of patients with mental illnesses via practical applications.

Artificial intelligence ,CV

opens up new avenues for communication between people,
computers,
and the actual world.
Radio waves as a means for communication protocol
 Power electronics has a wide range of applications,
including renewable energy systems,
electric vehicles, and industrial automation.

Power electronics, with its emphasis on energy conservation and

optimization, is critical for
modernizing and increasing electrical system performance.

With the growing demand for energy-

efficient systems, power electronics is a critical area of research

and innovation.
AI systems are similar to our human
brain or mind .
Artificial Neural Networks:

Kera’s: A user-friendly API that

simplifies the creation of neural
networks.

http://dlib.net/
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-
396/