CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH the behavior patterns of students, and

particularly those to be learned through

Library Research the educational process.
This is done in the library where
answers to specific questions or Educational Research
problems of the study are available. The This research represents an activity
historical method lends itself to library directed toward the development of an
research because the study is focused organized body of scientific knowledge
in the past, and much of the primary about the events which educators are
and secondary sources are found in the concerned. Of central importance are
library. Some historical evidences may the behavior patterns of students, and
of course be from archeological findings particularly those to be learned through
the educational process.
Field Research
This kind of research is conducted in a Curriculum Research
natural setting. No changes are made in It refers to the study and analysis of
the environment. Field research is both various aspects related to the
applicable to descriptive survey and curriculum, such as planning models,
experimental methods. An example of stakeholder input, and training needs.
field research using experimental
method is “The Cultivation of Green Historical Research
Mussel Using Bamboo Raft and Staking Historical means the search of
methods in Bylobadyang Island, knowledge and truth. This implies that
Estancia, Iloilo.” In this study, the green the events had occurred. The need is to
mussel is cultured in the natural look into the relationship of these
environment. events with other events, which could
be a past event with a past event; a
Laboratory Research present event interrelated with the past
This research is conducted in artificial event; or a past event predicting a
or controlled condition by isolating the future event. The past events or facts
study in a rigorously specified and are studied in an organized, and
operationalized areas. The purposes are systematic way in order to extract a
(1) to test hypothesis derived from statement that may characterize the
theory, (2) to control variance under period. Inquiries and scrutinization are
research conditions; and (3) to discover so ordered to reveal a certain truth.
the relations between the dependent
and independent variables. An example Descriptive Research
of laboratory research method is aims to accurately and systematically
“Cultivation of Milk Fish at the Fishpond describe a population, situation or
Using Fish Meal and Bread Meal as phenomenon. It can answer what,
Supplemental Feeds.” where, when and how questions but not
why questions.
Educational Research
This research represents an activity
directed toward the development of an Case Study
organized body of scientific knowledge The essential procedure of the case
about the events which educators are study is to take account of all pertinent
concerned. Of central importance are aspects of one thing or structure,
employing as the unit for study which B. UNDERSTANDING HISTORICAL
an individual, institution, a community RESEARCH
or any group considered as a unit for Classifying Historical Sources
study which an individual, institution, a
community or any group considered as 1. Primary Source - Sources of
a unit. information are classified as primary if
they are authentic and have not been
Data Gathering Research subjected to evaluation or assessment.
This approach seeks to answer Theses report discoveries, sharing of
questions as to real facts of relating to information and first-hand. These are
existing conditions information written at a certain time or
period of research.
A. UNDERSTANDING EDUCATIONAL Examples: government records,
RESEARCH speeches, photographs, communication
1. Classroom Level (Teaching and letter
Learning) - is the main focus of the
enhancement of teaching in order to 2. Secondary Source - provide
maximize the learning of a pupil or information, discussion and/or
student. interpretation of the evidence. These
2. School Level (Administration) - is are usually evaluations of primary
concerned with determining as optimal sources. These are also written by
resource (human resource or physical authors who do not personally witness
resources) to provide an environment the event or action. Definition of
conducive to learning secondary sources vary depending on
3. Policy Level - is concerned with the the contexts and/or discipline.
improvement of the entire educational Examples: evaluations, critiques,
system. commentaries

3. Tertiary Source- These serve as

B.UNDERSTANDING HISTORICAL collection of primary and secondary
RESEARCH sources.
Uses of Historical Research Examples: bibliographies, abstract,
1. It is useful in searching indexes, dictionaries,
through the past for encyclopedia
solution to contemporary
problems and needs. C. UNDERSTANDING DESCRIPTIVE
2. It is used to throw light in the present RESEARCH
time.
3. It gives people a sense of continuity 1. Case Study - This type tends to
of the past to the present. inquire deeper and examine thoroughly
4. It enables communities to grasp their the behavior of a person, take note that
relationship with the past to the these behaviors change as the
present. individual adapts and reacts to his
5. By chronicling events of enduring environment.
worth which confers upon the individual 2. Surveys – This type involves
consciousness of unity and a feeling of determining information about variables
the importance of human achievement. rather than about individuals.
2.1 Census – a survey that covers 1. Independent variable – this is the
the entire population of interest. stimulus variable which is chosen by the
2.2 Sample survey – is one which researcher to determine its relationship
deals with a portion of a population. to an observed phenomenon.
2. Dependent variable – this is the
3. Developmental study - This type is response variable which is observed
focused on the study of and measured to determine the effect
psychological, intellectual and of the independent variable. It changes
emotional growth of children, when independent variable changes.
similarities of children at various ages, 3. Control variable - a variable
how they differ at age levels and how controlled by the investigator in which
they grow and develop techniques in the effects can be neutralized by
pursuing the study. eliminating or removing the variab
3.1 Longitudinal method - study of
the same sample of participants over an
extended period of time.
3.2 Cross-sectional method – study of
participants of various age levels and
other characteristics of the same point
in time.

4. Follow-up Study - This type is

employed when one intends to
investigate the subsequent
development of participants often a
specified treatment or condition.
5. Documentary Analysis of Content
Analysis - This is a study that involves
gathering information by examining
records and documents.
6. Trend Analysis - This type is for a
study which seeks future status. It is
employed in studies which aim to
project the demands or needs of the
people in the future.
7. Correlation Study - This type is
designed to help determine the extent
to which different variables are related
to each other in the population interest.

D. UNDERSTANDING EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
In an experimental study, the
researcher manipulates at least
one independent variable, controls over
relevant variables and observes the
effect on one or more variables.