ZERAKI ACHIEVERS’ EXAMINATIONS (2023) Term 2 - 2023

GEOGRAPHY

MARKING SCHEME FORM ONE

TERM TWO

2023

SECTION A: 25 MARKS
Answer ALL questions in this section.

1. a) What is physical Geography? (2marks)

✓ It is the branch of geography that deals with the formation of physical
features/land forming processes.
b) Name three divisions of physical Geography. (3marks)
✓ geomorphology
✓ spatial geography
✓ climatology
✓ oceanology/oceanography
✓ pedology

2. State four effects of rotation of the earth. (4marks)

✓ Cause day and night
✓ Causes falling and rising of ocean tides.
✓ Causes deflection of winds and ocean currents.
✓ Causes variation in the speed of air masses.
✓ Causes differences in time between longitudes.

3. a) The diagram below shows the structure of the earth. Use it to answer the question that
follows.

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 i. Name the parts marked : (2mks)
P. Atmosphere.
Q. Core.

ii. Describe the composition of the crust (3mks)

✓ Made of soils and other loose deposits of sand

✓ The dominant rocks are granites.
✓ Has 2 layers ie the continental layer and the oceanic layer.
✓ The continental crust is made up of light coloured rocks
✓ The dorminant mineral of the sial are silica and aluminium.
✓ The oceanic layer is mainly made of basaltic rocks which are brittle.
✓ The dorminant minerals of the oceanic layer are silica and magnesium.

4. (a) Define the term solar system. (2mks)

✓ The composition of the sun, planets and other heavenly bodies orbiting around the sun.

(b) Using a well labelled diagram describe the occurrence of the solar eclipse. (5mks)
✓ The moon comes between the earth and the sun
✓ The moon’s shadow is cast on the earth
✓ The earth appears to be covered by darkness

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5. a) Local winds found in Kenya. (2mks)
• Sea breeze
• Land breeze
• Katabatic
• Anabatic

a) Three conditions for formation of dew. (3mks)

• Air must be cooled below dew point
• Calm night to allow air to remain in contact with the ground.
• Warm day to allow for evaporation.

SECTION B
6. a)(i) Define the term Geography (2mks)
Is the descriptive study of the distribution and inter-relationship of natural and human
phenomena on the earth’s surface.
(ii) What is the relationship between Geography and Biology (2mks)
Biology applies geographical information to explain factors determining the
distribution of organisms
b) Use the diagram below to answer the following questions

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i) Name the air currents marked E. (1mk)
Sea breeze
ii.) Why is the air current marked F flow at night. (3mks)
At night, land loses heat faster than sea. Air upon the land becomes cooler and
heavier than that upon the sea. The relatively warmer air upon the sea is lighter
and therefore it rises while the cooler heavier air on the land flows towards the
sea to replace the rising air.
iii) Give reason why air cools as it rises. (2mks)
• As air rises it expands thus spreading out its molecules over a wider area and
hence becoming cooler.
(c) (i) Differentiate between relative humidity and absolute humidity.
(2mks)
• Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of moisture a volume of
air can hold at a given temperature to the maximum amount of moisture it
can hold at the same time while absolute humidity refers to the actual
amount of moisture a given volume of air can hold at a given temperature.
(ii) Explain four factors that influence humidity.
• Temperature
Rise in temperature expands the air lowering distribution of water vapour
per unit volume hence low relative humidity.
• Air Pressure
When pressure is high air absorbs more moisture since it warms up and
expands while when pressure is low air expands and cools reducing its
capacity to hold more moisture.
• Supply of moisture
Areas close to water bodies have higher relative humidity especially when
temperature is also high.
• Latitude
Low latitude areas have high humidity because higher rates of evaporation
due to high temperatures.

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 (a) Five effects of weather on human activities
• Farmers use weather information to adjust their farming activities.
• People are forewarned about expected weather conditions and therefore
plan on dressing appropriately.
• In aviation it helps to determine when an aircraft ca take off or land.
• Guide on tourist activities on when to visit game parks.
• Military activities are planned according to weather conditions.
• People can take precautionary measures to avoid an impending natural
calamity related to weather.

7. The table below shows temperature and rainfall recorded in town X. Use it to answer the
questions that follow.

Months J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temp. 19 21 21 20 18 18 17 17 19 20 20 20
0
C
Rainfall 55 47 119 207 168 35 27 27 14 75 164 66
(mm)

b) (i) Identify the month with the lowest rainfall. (1mk)

• September
(ii) Calculate the mean annual rainfall. (2mks)
• 1004mm
(iii) Determine temperature range for the year. (2mks)
• 21 – 17 = 4

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8. (i) Draw a simple bar graph to represent rainfall for town X. (6mks)

(ii) State four advantages of using above method to represent data. (4mks)
• Easy to draw
• Suitable for representing tangible items
• Bars appeal to the eye
• Prominent values stick out e.g highest rainfall

8. (i) Define the term statistics. (2mks)

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 Facts or figures collected and systematically arranged to give specific meaning and
conclusion.
(ii) State four reasons why statistics is important. (4mks)
• Used for planning
• Shows trend over a period of time
• Can be used to predict the future
• Summarizes geographical information.
• Shows relationship between variables.
(iii) Name four methods of recording data. (4mks)
• Filming/photographing
• Tabulating
• Field sketching
• Tallying
• Tape recording
• Taking notes

8. (a) (i) Define the following terms:

• Map
A representation of part or the whole of the earth’s surface on a flat
surface/paper/board.
• Plan
A map of a very small area drawn to scale to give specific information.
• Picture
An image of a real object. (6mks)
(ii) State four qualities of a good sketch map. (4mks)
• Neat and clear.
• Has a title.
• Enclosed in a frame.
• Has key.
• Has a compass point sign.

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 (iii) Besides sketch map name two other types of maps. (2mks)
• Atlas
• topographical
(b) (i) Name three types of field work. (3mks)
• field study
• field research
• field excursion
(ii) State four reasons why fieldwork is important. (4mks)
• teaches students to be observant
• makes geography real
• improves visual memory through observation
• enables students to relate physical geography and human geography
• students develop positive attitude towards work.
• Enables one to apply knowledge to real life.
(c) Your class intends to conduct fieldwork in a nearby urban centre.
(i) State three preparations you would make. (3mks)
• Deciding on the theme.
• Identifying area of study.
• Statement of objectives.
• Formulation of hypotheses
• Seeking permission
• Conducting reconnaissance
(ii) Suggest any three follow up activities you would engage in. (3mks)
• Report writing
• Discussing findings
• Laboratory testing
• Displaying photographs
• Drawing maps

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