User case :

 Actors Identification:

 Define what actors are in the context of the system.

 List and describe each actor that interacts with the system. In the case of an
online library system, common actors might include:
o User (Borrower): Represents individuals who use the system to search
for and borrow books.
o Librarian: Represents staff members who manage the library's
inventory, handle borrowing and returning of books, and assist users.
o Administrator: Represents higher-level staff who oversee the system,
manage user accounts, and generate reports.

 Use Cases Identification:

 Define what use cases are and their role in the system.
 List and describe each use case that represents a distinct action or service
provided by the system. For an online library system, typical use cases might
include:
o Search for books: Allows users to search the library catalog for books
based on various criteria.
o Check out books: Enables users to borrow books from the library.
o Return books: Allows users to return borrowed books to the library.
o Manage user account: Enables users to create, update, or delete their
accounts.
o Manage library inventory: Allows librarians to add, remove, or update
books in the library catalog.
o Generate reports: Enables administrators to generate reports on various
aspects of the library system, such as borrowing statistics or inventory
status.
  Connecting Actors to Use Cases:

 Explain the purpose of connecting actors to use cases in the diagram.

 For each actor, describe their interactions with the system by connecting them to
the relevant use cases. Use associations (lines) to represent these connections. For
example:
o User interacts with "Search for books", "Check out books", and "Return
books" use cases.
o Librarian interacts with "Manage library inventory" and "Generate
reports" use cases.
o Administrator interacts with all use cases.

. Class

Identify Classes:
Define what classes are in the context of the system.
List and describe each class representing objects in the system. For an online library
system, common classes might include:
Book: Represents a physical or digital book in the library.
User: Represents individuals who interact with the system by borrowing or returning
books.

Attributes: Title, Author, ISBN, Genre, Availability

Methods: CheckOut(), Return(), GetDetails() Conclusion:
Attributes: Name, Email, Address, MembershipStatus Summarize the key classes, attributes, methods,
and relationships depicted in the diagram.
Methods: BorrowBook(), ReturnBook(), UpdateProfile()
Emphasize the importance of the class diagram
Attributes: Name, EmployeeID, ShiftSchedule in providing a visual representation of the
Methods: AddBookToInventory(), RemoveBookFromInventory(), system's structure and behavior.
GenerateReport()

Define Relationships Between Classes:

Explain the purpose and types of relationships (inheritance, association,
aggregation, composition) between classes.
Attributes: Name, AdministratorID, AccessLevel
Identify and describe relationships between classes in the system. For
example: Methods: CreateUserAccount(),
DeleteUserAccount(), GenerateSystemReport()
Association: User borrows Book, Librarian manages Book.
Aggregation: Library has Books.
Composition: Book is composed of Chapters.
Activity:

• serach for books

Identify • check out books
• return books
Activities • generate reports

• explain the purpose of nodes

and transition with the system
represent • utilize decision points

Workflow • include swimlanes to organize

activity such as user liabrarians
and administrators

• describe how controll slow

between activities with in
Add Control Flow diagrams
• use arrows to indicate direction
of flow between activities

• if activities are performed in

Consider paralell represent these aspect
Parallelism and in diagram
Synchronization • utilize fork and join nodes to
indicate paralell activities
 • describe how exception or
erors are handled
Include Exception • use exception handler nodes to
Handling represents points in workflow

• sumrize the key activities

depicted in diagram
Conclusion • provide a visual representation
of system

Static diagram

Identify Classes
Book
User
Librarian
Administrator

Add Attributes and Methods

Conclusion:
Attributes: Title, Author, ISBN, Genre,
Summarize the key classes, attributes, Availability
methods, and relationships depicted in the
Methods: CheckOut(), Return(), GetDetails()
diagram.
Attributes: Name, Email, Address,
Emphasize the importance of the static
MembershipStatus
diagram in providing a visual representation of
the system's structure and relationships. Methods: BorrowBook(), ReturnBook(),
UpdateProfile()

Consider Additional Elements:

If necessary, include additional elements such define relationship between classes
as interfaces, enumerations, or packages to user appropriate symbol and labels to represent
further organize and describe the system these relatioship
structure.
Package:

Identify Packages:
Define what packages
are in the context of the
system.

Define Relationships
Organize Classes into Consider Additional
Between Packages:
Packages: Elements:
Identify and describe
Assign each class to the If necessary, include additional
dependencies between
appropriate package based on elements such as interfaces or
packages to represent
its functionality and subsystems to further describe
how they interact and
responsibilities. the system architecture.
rely on each other.

Conclusion:
Summarize the key packages
and dependencies depicted in
the diagram.

Sequence

identify Actors:
Define what actors are in the context of the system.
Identify Objects:
Define what objects are in the context of the system.

Define the Scenario:

Describe the scenario or use case for which you are creating the sequence diagram. For example, "User searches for a book and checks it out from the library."
Sequence of Messages:
Identify the sequence of messages exchanged between objects in the scenario.

onsider Optional Elements:

Include optional elements such as loops, conditionals, and parallel execution to represent complex behavior or decision points in the sequence.
Refine the Diagram:
Review the diagram for clarity and completeness.
Conclusion:
Summarize the key interactions and messages depicted in the diagram.

ERDIAGRAM:
Identify Entities: Identify Attributes:
 Book  Define what
attributes are in
 User
the context of the
 Author
system.
 Publisher  For each entity,
identify and
 Book
describe its
 User
attributes
 Author
(properties).
Attributes

Identify Relationships:

 User borrows Book

 Book is written by
Author
 Book is published by
Publisher
 User conducts
Transaction

Define Cardinality and

Modality:

 One User can borrow

many Books (1:N)
 One Book can be
written by many
Authors (M:N)
 One Transaction
must involve at least
one User and one
Book (mandatory
relationship)