DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC

SCREEN-PRINTING MACHINE

TABIAN, JUNEL A.

University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness and user
experience of an automatic screen-printing machine. It includes the following sections: research
design, research setting, data-gathering instrument, validity and reliability, data-gathering
procedure, scoring guidelines, and statistical treatment of data.

3.1 Research Design

The research design for this study will utilize a descriptive research method to assess the
performance and user satisfaction of the automatic screen-printing machine specifically tailored
for t-shirts. Data will be collected from workshops and studios that utilize the machine. Surveys
and interviews will be conducted with users, including artists, designers, and print shop
operators, to gather feedback on usability, efficiency, design, and overall satisfaction with the
machine's capabilities.

3.2 Concept Design

The Automatic Screen Printing Machine will be engineered using durable materials
suitable for industrial environments, ensuring longevity and resilience against various
operational conditions. This machine will automate the screen printing process, enhancing
efficiency and consistency in producing high-quality printed designs.

The front view of Automatic Screen Printing Machine suggested project is shown in
Figure 1.2.1. This image of Automatic Screen Printing Machine has a dimension size will be
optimized for standard workshop spaces, accommodating a footprint of approximately 2.0 meters
in length, 1.0 meter in width, and 1.5 meters in height. This design will facilitate easy integration
into existing production lines.
 Figure 3.2.1 Front View

The Top View of the project desired design is shown in figure 1.2.2, show that our design

prototype prominently display some of the components use outside the project including one DC

Gear Motor, Supporting Frame, Base Frame, Squeegee, Linkages and Arms and more. The

prototype also features a precise printing head, a conveyor system for continuous operation, and

an infrared dryer for quick ink curing.

Figure 3.2.1 Top View

 Figure 3.2.3 Side View

1.3 Project Design

Figure 1.3.1 illustrates the block diagram of the Automatic Screen Printing Machine.
Before operating the machine, it is critical to verify the connections between the control unit,
printing head, and ink supply system to ensure optimal functionality. This inspection is vital to
guarantee the seamless operation of the machine and the quality of the printed designs.

Figure 3.3.1 Block Diagram

3.4 Wiring Diagram

 Figure 3.4.1 The wiring diagram illustrates the connections for the automatic screen
printing machine. At the top, the DC gear motor drives the printing mechanism, enabling precise
movement during the printing process. The motor is connected to a control board that houses the
microcontroller, which manages the motor's speed and direction based on user inputs. Below the
motor, a switch is integrated into the system, allowing the operator to start and stop the printing
process easily. This switch sends signals to the microcontroller to control the motor's operation.
The PCB board is connected to both the microcontroller and the motor, providing the necessary
circuitry for power distribution and signal processing. Additionally, it facilitates connections to
other components, such as sensors that detect the position of the printing screen to ensure
accurate alignment. The lower section of the diagram shows how the control board interfaces
with the user interface, enabling operators to set parameters like print speed and duration. The
entire system is designed to ensure efficient and reliable operation of the automatic screen
printing machine.

Figure 3.4.1 Wiring Diagram

3.5 Development Phase

At this stage, the prototyping and development of the automatic screen printing machine
take place. This innovation will be developed through the following main methods: connecting,
testing, and installing each of the major components. The primary focus will be on integrating
the control unit, printing head, ink supply system, substrate holder, and user interface to ensure
optimal functionality and seamless operation.
3.6 The Design Elements
 The design phase of the automatic screen-printing machine involves the integration of
several critical components, ensuring that the system operates smoothly and meets its intended
purpose of providing a convenient, sustainable printing mechanism for print industry. The key
elements incorporated into the design include:

3.6.1 DC Gear Motor

Figure 3.6.1 illustrates the DC gear motor, which serves as the primary drive mechanism
for the machine. This motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, providing the
necessary torque to operate various components of the machine.

Figure 3.6.1 Solar Panel

3.6.2 Atmega Microcontroller

Figure 3.6.2 The Atmega microcontroller serves as the central processing unit for the
automatic screen printing machine. It controls the various components of the system, including
the motors, sensors, and actuators, ensuring precise timing and synchronization during the
printing process.
 Figure 3.6.2 Atmega Microcontroller

3.6.3 PCB Board

Figure 3.6.3 The machine features a custom-designed PCB (printed circuit board) that
serves as the central hub for all electronic components. This PCB integrates the ATmega
microcontroller, power management circuits, and connectivity interfaces, ensuring efficient
communication between the various elements of the machine.\

Figure 3.6.3 PCB Board

3.6.4 Switch & Buttons

Figure 3.6.4 The machine is equipped with switches and buttons that provide users with
intuitive control over its features. These components enable users to power the system on and
off, select different modes of operation, and initiate charging processes for connected devices.
Designed for durability and ease of use, the switches and buttons enhance user interaction,
ensuring a seamless experience while managing the bench's functionalities.
 Figure 3.6.4 Switch & Buttons

3.6.5 Linkages & Arms

Figure 3.6.5 The machine incorporates advanced linkages and arms that facilitate precise
movement and manipulation of its components. These linkages are designed to provide users
with enhanced control over the machine's operational capabilities, allowing for smooth
adjustments and positioning.

Figure 3.6.5 Linkages & Arms

3.6.6 Base Frame

Figure 3.6.6 The machine is built on a robust base frame that provides stability and support for
its components. This frame is constructed from high-strength materials, ensuring durability even under
heavy workloads.

Figure 3.6.6 Base Frame

3.6.7 Weather-Resistant Housing

To protect all electrical and mechanical components, the machine is designed with
weather-resistant housing. This ensures that critical parts such as DC gear motor, Atmega
microcontroller, and PCB Board are protected from environmental factors like rain, dust, and
extreme weather, enhancing durability and reducing the need for maintenance.

3.8 Implementation Phase

The implementation phase is where the actual building and setup of the automatic
screen-printing machine took place. The DC gears motor, Base frame, Atmega microcontroller,
and other components were installed and connected according to the design plans. After
assembling the automatic screen-printing machine, it was placed in a public area where people
could use it. Testing was also conducted to make sure everything worked well, Any issues found
during this phase were fixed.

3.9 Evaluation Phase

The evaluation phase is the stage where the bench's performance was reviewed after
installation. Feedback from users was collected through surveys and interviews to understand
how they felt about the bench. The feedback focused on whether the bench was easy to use, if it
charged devices properly, and how satisfied users were with the bench's features. The goal of this
phase was to identify improvements and measure whether the bench met the project’s goals.

3.10 Research Locale

 The setting of this study will be conducted at University of Science and Technology of
Southern Philippines, College of Technology Building, C.M recto, Lapasan, Cagayan De Oro
City.

3.11 Respondents

The respondents were the people who used or interacted with the Automatic Screen-
Printing Machine. They were selected randomly from the public and included commuters,
students, and park visitors. The respondents were asked to provide feedback through surveys or
interviews. The total number of respondents was hundred fifty (100). Their input helped to
evaluate the Printing Machine usability and overall satisfaction

3.12 Research Instrument

The research instrument used is a locally constructed questionnaire that serves as the
primary source of data for the study.

3.13 Categorization of Variables and Scoring Guidelines

Table 3.11.1 Evaluation Survey (Five-Point Rating Scale)

Adjective Rating Range

Excellent 4.5 - 5.0

Good 3.5 - 4.4
Fair 2.5 - 3.4
Poor 1.5 - 2.4
Very Poor 1.0 - 1.4

3.14 Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will secure permission to administer the questionnaire from the
university, under the supervision of the dean of the College of Technology. Upon approval, the
researcher will distribute the questionnaires to the respondents and collect them after completion.

3.15 Data Analysis

Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, will be used to analyze the
data and evaluate the Automatic Screen-Printing Machine features and effectiveness based on the
gathered responses.