Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL

1. The measures of dispersion are (1) Range (2) Quartile deviation (3) Mean deviation (4) Variance
(5) Standard deviation

2. In a given series of values (data), the difference of maximum (greatest) value and minimum (least) value

6. BINO
is called range

3. The arithmetic average of absolute values of the deviations of the variates measured from an average
mean or median (or mode) is called mean deviation about mean or median (or mode)
4. Mean deviation for ungrouped data :
1 n
Mean deviation about mean =  xi  x , where x = mean
n i1
1 n
Mean deviation about median =  xi  M , where M = median
n i1
5. Mean deviation for grouped data
n

f i xi  x
1 n n
Mean deviation about mean =
i 1
n
  fi xi  x , where N =
N i1
 fi
f
i1
i
i1

1 n n
Mean deviation about median =  fi xi  M , where N =
N i1
 fi
i1

6. The mean of the squares of the deviations of the variates from their arithmetic mean is called variance. It is
denoted by  2 . The positive square root of variance is called standard deviation and it is denoted by  .
7. Variance and standard deviation for ungrouped data :
2

Variance,  
2 1 n

 xi  x
n i1
 
1 n 2
 x i  x2
n i1
1 n 2
 1 n 2 2
Standard deviation     x i  x
 n i1
    n  x i  x 
 i1 

8. Variance and standard deviation of a discrete frequency distribution:
n

  f
n
Variance,   1  fi x i  x
2
2
where N = i
N i 1 i 1

1 
 f x 
n n
2 1
  f x   fi x i  
2
Standard deviation,   x  o r 
2
N i i
N
i i

 i 1  i1

9. Standard deviation for continuous frequency distribution:

1
  N  fi x 2
 (  fi x i ) 2
N
i
xi  A
Variance, h
where yi = and h is the length of class interval.
  N  fi y 2
i  (  fi y i ) 2 h
N

10. Coefficient of variation = x x100 .

11. If each of the observations x1, x2, ................., xn is increased by k, where k is a positive or negative
number, then the variance remains unchanged.
12. If each observation in a data is multiplied by a constant k, then the variance of the resulting observations
is k2 times that of the variance of original observations.

* 1* * * * * * *
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL

LEVEL - I (VSAQ)
1. Find the mean deviation from the mean of the following discrete data : 3, 6, 10, 4, 9, 10.

A: Mean of the data 3, 6, 10, 4, 9, 10 is

3  6  10  4  9  10
x
6
42

6
7
 Mean deviation from the mean
6
 xi  x
i 1

n
4  1 3  3  2  3

6

16

6
 2.67.

2. Compute the mean deviation about the median of the data 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 12, 16.
A:Ascending order of the given data is 6, 7, 10, 12, 12, 13, 16.

x 4  x5
Median M 
2
10  12

2
 11.

 Mean deviation from the median

8
  x i  M
i 1

8

7  5  4  1 1 1 2  5

8
26

8
 3.25 .

3. Find the variance and standard deviation of the data 5, 12, 3, 18, 6, 8, 2, 10.
5  12  3  18  6  8  2  10
Mean x 
8
64
x =8
8
2
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL
8 2
  xi  x 
i 1
Variance 2 
n
9  16  25  100  4  36  4

8
194

8
= 24.25.
Standard deviation = 24.25
= 4.95.

4. The coefficient of variation of two distributions are 60 and 70 and their standard deviations
are 21 and 16 respectively. Find their arithmetic means.
A: Let x and y be the means of given two distributions

σ
Coefficient of variation C.V.  x 100
x
21
60  100 
x
 x  35 .
σ
For the second distribution C.V.  x 100
y

16
70  x 100
y
 y  22.85 .

5. The variance of 20 observations is 5. If each of the observations is multiplied by 2, find the

variance of the resulting observations.
A: We know that if each observation in a data multiplied by a constant k, then the variance of the resulting
observations is k2 times that of the variance of original observations.
Here each of the observation is multiplied by 2 .
 Variance of resulting observations
= 22 (5)
= 4(5)
= 20.

6. If each of the observations x1, x2, .......xn is increased by k, where k is a positive or negative
number, then show that the variance remains unchanged.
A: For the observations x1, x2, ...........xn,
n
 xi
i 1
Mean x 
n

3
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL

  xi  x 
2

Variance σ12 
n
n
  xi  k 
i 1
Mean of new observations y 
n
n
 xi
i 1 kn
 
n n
 xk
n
  yi  y 
2

 Variance of new observations σ22  i1

n
n
  xi  k   xi  k 
2

i 1

n
n
  xi  x 
2

i 1

n
 σ 12 .
Thus the variance of new observations is the same as that of the original observations.

LEVEL - I (LAQ)
1. Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data :

xi 2 5 7 8 10 35
fi 6 8 10 6 8 2

xi fi f i xi xix fi x i  x
2 6 12 6 36
5 8 40 3 24
7 10 70 1 10
8 6 48 0 0
10 8 80 2 16
35 2 70 27 54
40 320 140

∑ fi x i 320
Arithemetic mean x = = =8
∑ fi 40

∑ fi x i - x 140
Mean deviation about the mean = = = 3.5
∑ fi 40
4
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL
2. Find the mean deviation from the median for the following data :

xi 6 9 3 12 15 13 21 22
fi 4 5 3 2 5 4 4 3

Arranging xi’s in ascending order, given table can be rewritten as

xi fi | xi - M | fi x i  M
3 3 10 30
6 4 7 28
9 5 4 20
12 2 1 2
13 4 0 0
15 5 2 10
21 4 8 32
22 3 9 27
N = 30 ∑ fi x i - x =149
N N
Here median is the average of , + 1 th observations
2 2
∑ fi x i - x
M=
N
149
= = 4.97 .
30

3. Find the mean deviation from the mean of the following data, using the step deviation method.

Marks 0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70
No. of students 6 5 8 15 7 6 3

xi  A
Class No. of Midvalue di  fi di xix fi x i  x
h
interval students xi
fi
0 - 10 6 5 -3 - 18 28.4 170.4
10 - 20 5 15 -2 - 10 18.4 92.0
20 - 30 8 25 -1 -8 8.4 67.2
30 - 40 15 35 0 0 1.6 24.0
40 - 50 7 45 1 7 11.6 81.2
50 - 60 6 55 2 12 21.6 129.6
60 - 70 3 65 3 9 31.6 94.8
N = 50  fi di   8 659.2

5
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL
5. Calculate the variance and standard deviation for the discrete frequency distribution :
xI 4 8 11 17 20 24 32
fi 3 5 9 5 4 3 1

We shall construct the following table :

 xi  x  fi  xi  x 
2 2
xi fi fi xi xi  x

4 3 12 - 10 100 300

8 5 40 -6 36 180
11 9 99 -3 9 81
17 5 85 3 9 45
20 4 80 6 36 144
24 3 72 10 100 300
32 1 32 18 324 324
30 420 1374

Here ∑ fi x i = 420, N = 30
∑ fi x i 420
Mean x = = = 14
N 30
2
∑ fi  x i - x  1374
Variance  =
2 = = 45.8 .
N 30
Standard deviation σ = 45.8 = 6.77 .

6. Calculate the variance and standard deviation of the following continuous frequency distribution :

C.I. 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 80 - 90 90 - 100

Frequency 3 7 12 15 8 3 2

Now we shall construct the following table with the given data :

xi  A
Class Frequency Midpoint yi  yi2 fi yi fi yi2
h
Interval fi xi
30 - 40 3 35 -3 9 -9 27
40 - 50 7 45 -2 4 - 14 28
50 - 60 12 55 -1 1 - 12 12
60 - 70 15 65 0 0 0 0
70 - 80 8 75 1 1 8 8
80 - 90 3 85 2 4 6 12
90 - 100 2 95 3 9 6 18
50 - 15 105
6
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL
Take assumed origin A as 65
h = length of the class = 10

 ∑ fi y i   -15  10 
Mean x = A +   h = 65 + 50
= 62
 N 
h2  2
Variance 2 = 2 
N ∑ fi y i2 -  ∑ fi y i  
N 

100
=  50 105 - -15 2 
(

)
(

)
2500  

1
=  5250 - 225  = 201
25
Standard deviation σ = 201 = 14.18.

7. The following table gives the daily wages of workers in a factory. Compute the standard deviation
and the coefficient of variation of the wages of the workers.
Wages 125-175 175 - 225 225-275 275 - 325 325 - 375 375 - 425 425 - 475 475 - 525 525 - 575

No. of 2 22 19 14 3 4 6 1 1
workers

We shall construct the following table with the given data :

xi  A
Class Midpoint Frequency yi  yi2 fi yi fi yi2
h
interval fi

125 - 175 150 2 -4 16 -8 32

175 - 225 200 22 -3 9 - 66 198

225 - 275 250 19 -2 4 - 38 76

275 - 325 300 14 -1 1 - 14 14

325 - 375 350 3 0 0 0 0

375 - 425 400 4 1 1 4 4

425 - 475 450 6 2 4 12 24

475 - 525 500 1 3 9 3 9

525 - 575 550 1 4 16 4 16

72 - 103 373

Taking assumed origin A as 350, h = 50

 ∑ fi y i  = 350 +  - 103   50  = 278.47

Mean x = A +  h   .
 N   72 

7
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL

h2  2
2
Variance σ = 2 
N ∑ fi y i2 -  ∑ fi y i  
N 

2500
= 72 373 - -103 2 

)
(

)
72 x 72  
 = 88.52.
σ 88.52
Coefficient of variation = x 100 = x 100 = 31.79 .
x 278.47
8. The scores of two cricketers A and B in 10 innings are given below. Find who is better run
getter and who is a more consistent player :

Scores of A : xi 40 25 19 80 38 8 67 121 66 76

Scores of B : yi 28 70 31 0 14 111 66 31 25 4

540
A: For cricketer A : Mean x = = 54 .
10
380
For cricketer B : Mean y = = 38 .
10
 xi  x   yi  y
2 2
xi xi  x yi yi  y

40 -4 196 28 - 10 100

25 29 841 70 32 1024

19 - 35 1225 31 -7 49

80 26 676 0 - 38 1444

38 - 16 256 14 - 24 575

8 - 46 2116 111 73 5329

67 13 169 66 28 784

121 67 4489 31 -7 49

66 12 144 25 - 13 163

76 22 484 4 - 34 1156

 xi = 540 10596  yi  380 10680

2
∑  xi - x  10596
Standard deviation of scores of A, σ x = = = 1059.6 = 32.55
n 10
2
∑  yi - y  10680
Standard deviation of scores of B, σ y = = = 1068 = 32.68
n 10

8
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL

σx 32.55
Coefficient of Variation of A = x100 = x100 = 60.28 .
x 54
σy 32.68
Coefficient of Variation of B = x100 = x 100 = 86 .
y 38
Since x  y , cricketers A is a better run getter..
Also C.V. of A < C.V. of B, Cricketer A is also a more consistent player.

9. The mean of 5 observations is 4.4. Their variance is 8.24. If three of the observations are 1, 2
and 6. Find the other two observations.
A: Let the missing two observations be x, y.
Now, mean = 4.4
1+ 2 + 6 + x + y
⇒ = 4.4
5
x + y + 9 = 22
x + y = 13
y = 13 - x (1)

∑  xi - x 
2

Also variance = 8.24

n

1 - 4.4 2 +  2 - 4.4  2 +  6 - 4.4 2 +  x - 4.4  2 + 13 - x - 4.4  2

⇒ = 8.24
5
( - 3.4)2 + (- 2. 4)2 + 1.62 + (x - 4.4)2 + (8.6 - x)2 = 41.20
11.56 + 5.76 + 2.56 + x2 - 8.8x + 19.36 + 73.96 - 17.2x + x2 = 41.20
2x2 - 26x + 72 = 0.
x2 - 13x + 36 = 0
x2 - 4x - 9x + 36 = 0
x (x - 4) - 9(x - 4) = 0
(x - 4) (x - 9) = 0.
x = 4 or 9.
So the missing two observations are 4,9.

LEVEL - II (VSAQ)
1. Find the mean deviation from the mean of the following discrete data : 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 12, 16.
6  7  10  12  13  4  12  16
Mean of the data = .
8
80
x
8
= 10.
8
 xi  x
Mean deviation from the mean  i 1
8
9
Measures Of Dispersion
Second Year Maths IIA AIMSTUTORIAL

43023626

8
26
 = 3.25.
8

2. Find the mean deviation about the median for the data : 4, 6, 9, 3, 10, 13, 2.
A: The ascending order of the data is 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13.
Median M = x4 = 6.
7
 xi  M
Mean deviation from the median = i1
7
4320347

7
23
7
= 3.29.

3. Find the variance for the discrete data : 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12.
6  7  10  12  13  4  8  12
A: Mean =
8
72

8
= 9.
8
  xi  x 
2

Variance  2 i 1
8

9  4  1  9  16  25  1  9

8
74

8
= 9.25.

******

10
Measures Of Dispersion