UTIL0414-Accoustics and Lighting Design System

Learning Packet 07
Lighting Design
Introduction to Lighting Design

Lighting design is an art and science that plays a pivotal role in transforming
the ambiance of interior spaces. It involves a technical understanding of electricity,
light sources, and vision while also a sensitivity to architectural and aesthetic
issues. With intelligent planning and the right choice of light for every room or
space in the property, it becomes possible to create the perfect ambience that adds
both value and style.
From the earliest times, humans have found ways to create light. Pre-historic
peoples used natural materials (moss, grass, etc.) soaked in animal fat and then
ignited. Around 3000 to 4500 BC, oil lamps and then candles were invented. During
the 18th and early 19th centuries, the technology of oil lamps improved and gas
lighting was developed. Starting in the middle of the 19th century, electrical
lighting became available with the invention of the fluorescent and incandescent
lamps. Technology has continued to improve and today we see the massive use of
electrical lighting in the form of fluorescent, mercury and sodium vapor, metal
halide and light emitting diodes (LED). Technology is continuing to develop with the
latest developments being the introduction of magnetic induction and sulfur lamps.
Lighting design in architecture greatly plays a crucial role in shaping the
overall aesthetics and functionality of a space since before. A study shows that
lighting is also a factor affecting individuals’ psychology that became an essential
aspect of architectural design that can greatly enhance the atmosphere,
functionality, emotion, and overall user experience within a built environment.

Goals of a Lighting Design

The goal of lighting is to create an efficient and pleasing interior. These two
requirements, that is, the utilitarian· and aesthetic, are not antithetical as is
demonstrated by every good lighting design. Light can and should be used as an
adjunct architectu.ral material.

a. Lighting levels should be adequate for efficient seeing of the particular

task involved. Variations within acceptable brightness ratios in a given field
of view are desirable to avoid monotony .and to create perspective effects.
b. Lighting equipment should be unobtrusive, but not necessarily invisible.
Fixtures can be chosen and arranged in various ways to complement the
architecture or to create dominant or minor architectural features or
patterns. Fixtures may also be decorative and thus enhance the interior
design.
c. Lighting must have the proper quality. Accent lighting directional lighting
and other highlighting techniques increase the utilitarian as well as
architectural quality of a space.
d. The entire lighting design must be accomplished efficiently in terms of
capital and energy resources; the former determined principally by life-cycle
costs and the latter by operating energy costs and resource-energy usage.
Both the capital and energy limitations are, to a large extent, outside the
control of the designer, who works within constraints in these areas.
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Objectives
 Familiarize the different lighting
 Understand the methodologies and impact of lighting applications
 Utilize lighting in our design

Duration
 Sub-Topic 01: Introduction - 6 minutes
to Lighting Design
 Sub-Topic 02: The - 6 minutes
Psychology of Light: How
Different Lighting Impacts
Our Emotions - 9 minutes
 Sub-Topic 03: Mastering
the Art of Lighting Design:
Principles and Techniques - 9 minutes
for Interior Spaces
 Sub-Topic 04: Five
Considerations When
Designing Lighting

Delivery Mode
Face-to-face and Synchronous Class may be conducted depends on the situation.

Readings
Building Utilities 3 Acoustics and Lighting Design System, George S. Salvan, 1999
Accessible Article in Website titled “Lighting Design – An Introduction” by Steven
McFadyen
Accessible Article in Website titled “THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LIGHT: HOW
DIFFERENT LIGHTING IMPACTS OUR EMOTIONS” by Eyla Herrera
Accessible Article in Website titled “Introduction to Lighting Design” by Craig
DiLouie
Accessible Article in Website titled “MASTERING THE ART OF LIGHTING DESIGN:
PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR INTERIOR SPACES” by Eyla Herrera
Accessible Article in Website titled “Five Consideration When Designing Lighting”
by Ellie Harrop

Pre-Assessment Questions:
1. Why do coffee shops utilize warm lighting than workstations that use cool
lighting?
2. What is the ideal lighting for studying?

Lesson Proper

The Psychology of Light: How Different Lighting Impacts Our Emotions

Light is a fundamental aspect of our daily lives, and it plays a significant role in
influencing our emotions and overall well-being. The psychology of light is a
fascinating field that explores how different lighting choices can affect our mood,
productivity, and mental health.
 UTIL0414-Accoustics and Lighting Design System

1. Warm Lighting - Warm lighting, often characterized by soft, yellow or orange

hues, is associated with feelings of comfort, relaxation, and intimacy. It is
frequently used in settings like bedrooms, living rooms, and cozy restaurants to
create a welcoming and soothing ambiance. Here's how warm lighting affects
our emotions:
 Comfort and Relaxation
 Social Connection
 Mood Enhancement
2. Cool Lighting - Cool lighting, on the other hand, is characterized by blue or
white hues and is commonly associated with productivity and alertness. It is
often used in workplaces, hospitals, and educational institutions to foster
concentration and focus. Here's how cool lighting affects our emotions:
 Increased Alertness
 Improved Concentration
 Emotional Distance

Introduction to Lighting Design | LightNOW (lightnowblog.com)

The psychology of light reveals how different lighting choices can impact our
emotions, mood, and overall well-being. Warm lighting provides comfort and
relaxation, fostering social connections and positive emotions, while cool lighting
enhances alertness and concentration. Effective lighting design takes into account
the intended use of a space and aims to create a harmonious and adaptable
environment that supports our emotional needs. By understanding the psychological
effects of various lighting options, we can make informed choices to create spaces
that uplift and inspire us.

Mastering the Art of Lighting Design: Principles and Techniques for Interior
Spaces

Achieving balance and proportion in lighting design is crucial to avoid over-

illuminated or dim spaces. There are three primary types of balance in
lighting:

 Symmetrical Balance: In symmetrical balance, light sources and fixtures are

evenly distributed, creating a sense of equilibrium. This is ideal for formal
settings or spaces where a sense of stability is desired.
 Asymmetrical Balance: Asymmetrical balance involves an uneven distribution
of light, which can be used to highlight specific areas or elements in a room. It is
often used in contemporary and eclectic designs.
 UTIL0414-Accoustics and Lighting Design System

 Radial Balance: Radial balance is centered around a focal point, with light
fixtures radiating outwards, creating a dynamic and eye-catching effect. It's
commonly used in spaces where a particular element, such as artwork or a
decorative feature, deserves attention.

Focal points are essential in lighting design as they draw the eye and create
visual interest. To establish effective focal points, consider the following
techniques:

 Accent Lighting: Use accent lighting, such as spotlights or track lights, to

highlight art, architectural features, or decorative elements like sculptures.
 Task Lighting: Illuminate specific areas where tasks are performed, such as
reading corners, kitchen islands, or workspaces, to create functional focal
points.
 Decorative Lighting: Decorative fixtures like chandeliers or pendant lights can
serve as focal points in themselves. Placing them strategically can add elegance
and charm to a space.

Layering light involves the use of multiple light sources with different purposes
to create a dynamic and flexible lighting scheme. The three primary layers of
light are:

 Ambient Lighting: This is the base layer that provides general illumination to
the entire room. It can be achieved through fixtures like recessed lights, ceiling-
mounted fixtures, or wall sconces.
 Task Lighting: As mentioned earlier, task lighting focuses on specific areas or
tasks. This layer ensures that you have adequate light for reading, cooking, or
working.
 Accent Lighting: Accent lighting is the final layer that adds depth and
dimension to the space. It can include wall washing, spotlighting, or even
candlelight to highlight architectural elements and decor.
 Decorative Lighting: While not always considered a separate layer, decorative
lighting serves to add style and personality to a room.

Techniques for Successful Lighting Design

 UTIL0414-Accoustics and Lighting Design System

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 Understanding Color Temperature: Select light sources with appropriate

color temperatures to set the desired mood. Warmer color temperatures (2700-
3000K) create a cozy atmosphere, while cooler temperatures (4000-5000K)
provide a more energetic and modern feel.
 Control and Dimming: Install dimmer switches and smart lighting systems to
adjust the intensity of light sources. This flexibility is crucial for creating various
moods and accommodating different activities.
 Energy Efficiency: Opt for energy-efficient LED lighting, which not only saves
electricity but also produces less heat, making it more comfortable for
occupants.
 Lighting Zones: Divide spaces into lighting zones to control different areas
independently. This allows for tailored lighting and saves energy.
 Natural Light Integration: Maximize natural light through well-placed
windows, skylights, and light-filtering treatments. It not only reduces the need
for artificial lighting but also connects the interior with the outside environment.

Mastering the art of lighting design is a multifaceted endeavor that combines

creativity, technical knowledge, and a deep understanding of space. By embracing
the fundamental principles and techniques, you can transform any interior space
into a harmonious, visually appealing, and functionally efficient environment.
Whether you're designing a home, office, or commercial space, lighting design plays
a pivotal role in creating an inviting and immersive atmosphere.

Considerations and Guidelines

 UTIL0414-Accoustics and Lighting Design System

Energy Consideration

In commercials buildings lighting consumes about 20 to 30% of the building’s

electric energy; more in residences and less in industrial facilities. By judicious
design a reduction of 40 to 50% in lighting energy is attainable. In point of the fact
that every watt per square foot reduction in lighting energy results in 1.25 w I sq. ft.
savings in airconditioned buildings. It has been demonstrated by actual designs that
offices and schools can be well lighted with 2.5 w/sq. ft. in lieu of the 4 to 5 w/sq. ft.
in common use.

Five Considerations When Designing Lighting

The science behind lighting design is a multi-factorial and intricate process. It is

essential to achieve the best possible lighting installation process and avoid diving
straight into something. A well-structured design process will help to define project
outcomes before delivering the lighting. Knowing what is wanted to be achieved
always embarks on the light design process. For example, how much illuminance
and glare are required, what the mood of the space is, things to be highlighted,
daylight interaction, things to be concealed and light direction.

 Amount of light needed in the space

 Lighting and the building regulations
 Choice of controlling system
 Color of light
 Human-centric approach

Design Guidelines

1. Design lighting for expected activity

It is important to consider the functionality and ambiance needed for the specific
task at hand. Whether it be studying, cooking, or relaxing, proper lighting can
enhance the overall experience and efficiency of the activity.

2. Design with More Effective luminaires and Fenestration.

It is important to consider not only the amount of light they provide but also the
quality of the light. Effective luminaires should provide adequate illumination for the
tasks being performed in a space, while also minimizing glare and shadows. This is
especially important in settings such as classrooms and study areas, where students
need to focus on reading, writing, and studying for extended periods of time.

3. Use E-fficient light Sources

The importance of using efficient light sources cannot be emphasized enough.

With the increasing focus on sustainability and reducing our carbon footprint, it is
crucial that we make the switch to e-fficient light sources in order to conserve
energy and protect the environment. E-fficient light sources, such as LED bulbs and
CFLs, are not only more energy efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs, but
they also have a longer lifespan, which means less waste in the long run.
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4. Use More Efficient Luminaires

Efficient lighting is a crucial aspect of our daily lives, as it impacts our

productivity, mood, and overall well-being. In recent years, the demand for more
efficient luminaires has been on the rise, as people become more conscious of their
energy usage and environmental impact. By using more efficient luminaires, we can
significantly reduce our energy consumption, lower our electricity bills, and
decrease our carbon footprint.

5. Use Thermal-Controlled Luminaires

One of the main benefits of using thermal-controlled luminaires is the ability to

maintain consistent light output over time. As the temperature of the light source
increases, the efficiency of the light output decreases. This can lead to uneven
lighting and reduced visibility in a space. With thermal-controlled luminaires, the
temperature of the light source is carefully monitored and controlled, ensuring that
the light output remains consistent and reliable.

6. Use lighter Finishes on Ceilings, Walls, Floors, and Furnishings.

Using lighter finishes on ceilings, walls, floors, and furnishings can help to
create a more open, airy, and inviting space. We can benefit from incorporating
lighter finishes into our living spaces to make them feel more spacious and
welcoming. By making simple design choices, we can transform our surroundings
into environments that are conducive to learning, relaxation, and socializing.

7. Use Efficient Incandescent Lamps

Efficient incandescent lamps, also known as LED bulbs, are designed to consume
less energy while providing the same amount of light as traditional incandescent
bulbs. This means that they are more energy-efficient and can help reduce your
electricity bill in the long run. Saving money wherever possible is crucial, and using
efficient incandescent lamps is a great way to do so.

8. Turn Off Lights When Not Needed

One small but impactful way that we can contribute to a more sustainable
environment is by simply turning off lights when they are not needed. This may
seem like a small or insignificant action, but the cumulative effect of everyone doing
so can make a big difference in reducing energy consumption and lowering carbon
emissions.

9. Control Window Brightness

The control of window brightness is a versatile tool that can be used to create
the desired atmosphere in any space. Whether it be a cozy reading nook bathed in
natural light or a serene bedroom retreat with blackout curtains, the options for
controlling window brightness are endless and can be tailored to suit any
individual's preferences and needs.

10. Utilize Day lighting as Practicable

 UTIL0414-Accoustics and Lighting Design System

Daylighting is a design technique that takes advantage of natural light to

illuminate interiors, reducing the need for artificial lighting and improving the visual
comfort of occupants. It not only saves energy and reduces electricity costs, but also
has positive effects on mood, productivity, and overall well-being. Utilizing
daylighting in our buildings and workplaces is not only practical but also crucial for
our health and sustainability.

11. Keep Lighting Equipment Clean and In Good Working Order

Cleanliness is key when it comes to lighting equipment. Dust, dirt, and debris
can accumulate on lights, lenses, and filters, which can affect the quality of the light
output. Regular cleaning of the equipment will help maintain optimal performance
and prevent any issues that may arise from buildup. This includes wiping down the
exterior of lights, cleaning lenses and filters, and ensuring that all cables and
connections are free of dirt and grime.

12. Post Instructions Covering Operation and Maintenance

It is essential to understand the importance of following post instructions for the

operation and maintenance of equipment, tools, or systems. Proper operation and
maintenance are critical to ensuring the longevity and effectiveness of any
equipment or system. Following post instructions helps prevent accidents,
breakdowns, and costly repairs, ultimately saving time, money, and resources.