INTELLIGENCE

GE 101 - UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

 INDICATIVE CONTENT

1 THEORIES OF
INTELLIGENCE
DIAZ, & DIESTRO

2 TYPES OF
INTELLIGENCE
DELOJERO, DEOCAMPO &
DEVIENTE
01
Theories of
Intelligence
Queene Anne A. Diaz
 w h a t i s

ELLIGENC
NT E?
I
 Theories of Intelligence

Psychometric Multiple- Triarchic

Approach Intelligence Theory of
Theory Intelligence
Measuring intelligence in There are different kinds Intelligence can be
an objective way. of mental abilities that divided into three ways
make up different kinds of gathering and
of intelligence. processing information.
 Psychometric Approach
by Charlies Spearman

measure or quantifies cognitive abilities

or factors that are thought to be involved
in intellectual performance

says that intelligence has two factors:

General Ability Factor (g)

represents the different cognitive
tasks have in common

Specific Factors (s)

include specific mental abilities
(mathematical, mechanical or verbal skills)
An Examination of A New Psychometric Method for
Optimizing Multi–Faceted Assessment Instruments
in the Context of Trait Emotional Intelligence
Siegling, A.B., Petrides, K.V., Martskvishvili, K. (2015)

Respondents are individuals from six European

samples (N = 1284)
This study combined theoretical and empirical
psychometric approaches, particularly stepwise
regression analysis, to identify and refine the facets
of trait EI for improved construct validity
The study concludes that a refined 10-
facet model provides a more valid
measure of trait emotional intelligence
than the original 15-facet version. The
method helped identify five facets (such
as "emotion management" and "social
awareness") that did not significantly
predict the construct across multiple
samples. By removing these, the
authors enhanced the overall validity of
the EI measurement, making it more
accurate and representative of the core
emotional intelligence trait.
 Multiple-Intelligence Theory
by Howard Gardner

there are different kinds of mental

abilities that make up different kinds of
intelligence
instead of one kind of general intelligence,
there are at least seven different kinds
verbal and language intrapersonal
rhythmic and musical

logical-mathematical
visual-spatial
bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence

interpersonal
Applying Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom: A
Review of Gardner’s MI Theory in Education

Smith, L., & Callahan, P. (2014)

The respondents were the teachers and students

involved in the 12 case studies analyzed

The researchers conducted a qualitative meta-

analysis, reviewing 12 case studies where MI theory
was applied in various educational contexts (K-12
and higher education).
The study found that applying Multiple
Intelligences (MI) theory in classrooms
boosted student engagement and
improved academic performance by
catering to individual strengths. It also
promoted inclusivity by helping
teachers tailor lessons for diverse
learners, though challenges like time
and resource constraints were noted.
Despite these hurdles, MI theory
proved effective in creating a more
personalized and successful teaching
approach.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
by Robert Sternberg
is an information-processing approach
analyzes the cognitive steps the people use
in solving problems
can be divided into three ways of gathering
and processing information:
Analytical or Logical Thinking Skills
measured by traditional intelligence tests
Problem-Solving Skills
require creative thinking and ability to
learn from experience
Practical Thinking Skills
help a person adjust to and cope with, his or
her sociocultural environment
Distinctive Behavioral Characteristics of Outstanding
Students in the Light of Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
from the Point of View of Students and Their Teachers

Sabbah, S. S., Aldin, A. M. A. (2022)

The study involved 51 students (34% excelling in 6th and

8th grades) and 76 teachers.

The researchers used the Distinctive Behavioral

Characteristics of Outstanding Students Scale and
conducted focus interviews with teachers to gather data
on students' behavioral traits.
The results show a divergence
between students and teachers in
perceiving outstanding traits; students
rated their characteristics at 82.01%,
emphasizing creative and applied
abilities, while teachers rated them at
77.29%, prioritizing analytical ability.
This indicates that although both
groups recognize the importance of
these traits, they value them differently
based on their educational
experiences.
Objective of
Measuring
Intelligence
Mary Crisnel D. Diestro
Paul Broca, a famous neurologist,
claimed that there was a
considerable relationship
between size of brain and
intelligence, with larger brains
indicating more intelligence.
However, re-analysis of data
indicated that measures of brain
size proved to be unreliable and
poorly correlated with
intelligence.
Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale

The Binet-Simon Intelligence

scale contained Items arranged
in order of increasing difficulty
It measured vocabulary,
memory, common knowledge
and other cognitive abilities.
Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale
The first big change in measuring
intelligence was when Alfred Binet
and Theodore Simon introduced
the concept of mental age. Lewis
Terman has improved on this
concept. It is an expression of test
results in terms of intelligence
quotient (IQ).
Intelligence quotient is computed by dividing a
child’s age (MA), as measured in an intelligence
test by the child’s chronological age (CA) and
multiplying the result by 100.

IQ = MA/CA x 100

Legend:
IQ = Intelligence quotient
MA = Mental age
CA = Chronological Age
What are the two major factors that influence
intelligence?
The nature –nurture question asks how much
genetic factors and how much environmental
factors contribute to the development of
intelligence

The reason genetic factors influence but do not fix

or predetermine intelligence is because genetic
factors contribute only 50% to intelligence. The
other 50% come from environmental factors.
 Related Studies
TITLE: The Role of Genetics and Environment in Intelligence: A Twin and
Adoption Study

AUTHOR and YEAR: Plomin et al. (2022)

RESPONDENTS: Twins and adopted individuals

METHOD: Twin and adoption studies to provide insights into the relative
contributions of genetic and environmental factors to intelligence.

RESULT: Both genetic and environmental factors accounted for a marked

contribution to the explained variance of intelligence, with more significant
contribution attributed to genetic factors. Factors such as education and
socioeconomic status also account for the individual differences in
intelligence.
02
Types of
Intelligence
Moral
Intelligence
Christopher John Delojero
 Moral Intelligence
Moral Intelligence is the ability to
distinguish between right and wrong.
Broadly conceive, moral intelligence
represents the ability to make sound
decisions that benefit not only
yourself, but others around you.
 Related Studies
TITLE: The Development of Self-ManagementTechnique for Improving
Students’Moral Intelligence

AUTHOR & YEAR: Barida, M., Prasetiawan, H., Sutarno, Murarifah A.

(2019)

RESPONDENTS: The data collection is done to 1) Expert of guidance

and counseling for an expert test of model and instrument of psychology
scale through open question instrument, 2) Counseling teacher and
counseling to testing practitioner of model and instrument of
psychological scale through open question instrument, 3) Student
through the psychological scale of intelligence moral.

METHOD: This goal is achieved through research R & D approach.

 Related Studies

RESULTS: The results of this study

indicate that each student is able to
improve his moral intelligence through
self-management on an ongoing basis
and with intact intentions. Students who
have moral intelligence can develop
comfortable and safe environmental
conditions for themselves and others.
Social
Intelligence
Angela Mae Deocampo
 Social Intelligence

Social intelligence refers to a person's

ability to understand and manage
interpersonal relationships. It is distinct
from a person's IQ or “book smarts.” It
includes an individual's ability to
understand, and act on, the feelings,
thoughts, and behaviors of other people.
 Social Intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to
understand other people: what motivates them,
how to work, how to cooperate with them.
Successful salespeople, politicians, teachers,
clinicians, and religious leaders are likely to be
individuals with high degrees of interpersonal
intelligence. At the same time, social intelligence
probably draws on specific internal (Gardner
would say interpersonal) abilities.
What is the importance of Social
Intelligence?

Developing your social intelligence may

help you learn to resolve conflicts by
creating relationships with your peers and
making yourself more approachable. It may
also improve your general communication
skills by helping you articulate your ideas.
What are the five characteristics of Social
Intelligence?

It is composed of five capacities; sympathy,

self-awareness, empathy, meta-cognition
and theory of mind. Those who lack social
intelligence might misunderstand others
with potentially tragic consequences.
 Related Studies
TITLE: Social Intelligence and Psychological Distress: Subjective and
Psychological Well-Being as Mediators

AUTHOR & YEAR: Azañedo,Sastre,Artola et.al (2020)

RESPONDENTS: The sample consisted of 1407 Spanish-speaking

students (781 women, 626 men) from different places in Spain.
Specifically, participants were recruited from five Spanish
universities and their mean age was 34.36 years (SD = 10.80; range
18–74 years).

METHOD: This study uses a mediation analysis.

RESULTS: The results from a multiple mediation analysis
demonstrated that not all well-being processes emerged as
mechanisms of change for establishing improvements in
psychopathological symptoms. Evidence of significant
indirect effects was present only throughout four of the nine
well-being indicators: satisfaction with life, positive affect,
negative affect, and positive relations with others.
Specifically, the strength of SI contributes to the
improvement of affect balance (i.e., experiencing more
pleasant emotions than unpleasant ones), global judgments
of one’s life, and quality relations with others, which in turn
resulted in less psychological distress.
Emotional
Intelligence
Krizza Mae Deviente
 Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence, on the other hand, is a type of
social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor
one’s own and other’s emotion to guide one’s thinking
and actions. According to Goleman (1995). “Emotional
intelligence, the skills that help people harmonize,
should become an increasing value as a workplace
asset in the years to come.” Emotional intelligence may
subsume Gardner’s interpersonal and intrapersonal
intelligence, and involve abilities that can be
categorized into five domains.
 Emotional Intelligence
Self-Awareness: Observing your self and recognizing a feeling
as it happens
Managing emotions: Handling feelings so that they are
appropriate; realizing what is behind a feeling; findings ways to
handle fears and anxieties, anger, and sadness.
Motivating oneself: Channeling emotions in the service of a
goal; emotional self-control; delaying gratification and stifling
impulses.
Empathy: Sensitivity to others’ feelings and concerns and taking
their perspectives; appreciating the differences in how people
feel about things.
Handling relationships: Managing emotions in others; social
competence and social skills.
 Related Studies
Title: The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Performance: A
Meta-Analysis

Author and Year: Schutte, N. S., Grégoire, C., & Malouff, G. M. (2014)

Respondents: College students

Method: Meta-analysis of existing studies on the relationship between

emotional intelligence and academic performance.

Result: The study found a significant positive relationship between

emotional intelligence and academic performance. This relationship was
particularly strong for the facets of self-awareness, self-regulation, and
motivation.
Thank You