Solo Taxonomy Reflection

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In-Service Training for Teachers (INSET) - January 25, 2024- RNHS Quadrangle

Prepared by JOY B. MOLINO- SHS Teacher

Reflection Notes on SOLO Taxonomy


Solo Taxonomy is developed by educational psychologist John Biggs and Kevin
Collis. The framework of this taxonomy provides a structured way to understand and
measure the complexity of thinking skills. It consists of five levels of understanding, ranging
from simple to complex, and is often represented as a ladder of increasing cognitive
complexity. The levels are Prestructural, Unistructural, Multistructural, Relational, and
Extended Abstract.
During the prestructural level, student has a lack of understanding or has not grasped
the concept. For example, in teaching the elements of literature/identifying the
characters/characterization, students are unable to identify the main characters in a story. In
unistructural level, student understands relevant aspect of the concept but is limited to one
aspect only. For example, a student can recognize the main characters in a story but
struggles with their motivations. However, in Multistructural, student understands multiple
relevant aspects of the concept but lacks integration. For example, a student who can
identify characters and their motivations but has difficulty relating them to the central theme
of the story. Relational, on the other hand, student can integrate and relate multiple aspects
of the concept. Then lastly, in the Extended Abstract, student can think beyond the current
concept, generalize, and apply it in new and unfamiliar contexts. For example, student who
can analyze characters and themes in one story and apply the same critical thinking skills to
analyze different genres and cultural contexts. Therefore, we as teachers, should aim to
attain the extended abstract for it is an evident that students have reached the level of
Higher Order Thinking Skills.
In reflection to this topic, solo taxonomy promotes higher-order thinking skills among
students by providing a structured framework that guides the development of cognitive
complexity among the learners. This also requires teachers to use/employ teaching
methods/strategies/techniques that will promote HOTS and improve the critical and creative
thinking skills of the students. It also encourages learners to progress through different levels
of understanding, moving beyond simple recall of information to more advanced levels
wherein teachers should track students’ progress through analysis, synthesis, and
evaluation on the part of the learners.

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