TRAINING REPORT

ON
"CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING”

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Diploma in Civil Engineering
TO

SESSION (2024-2025)

“CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT”

KENDRIYA BHAWAN, LUCKNOW - 206024

FROM (19-06-2024 to 16-07-2024)

SUBMITED BY

RAGHUVIR KUMAR

SUBMITTED TO

Er. SATYAPRAKASH

Executive Engineer
CPWD, LUCKNOW
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Summer training has an important role in exploring the real-
life situation in an industry. I would like to thank the entire
“CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT ,KENDRIYA BHAWAN,
LUCKNOW - 206024 who has provided my this vocational
training.

We are thankful to Er. Satyaprakash (Executive Engineer),

Er. Devesh Kumar Prajapati (Junior Engineer) and
Er. Durgesh Kushwaha(Site Engineer) who organized our
training schedule and also for their guidance and kind
cooperation through out our training along with
completing this project report and provided us the various
knowledge about their stations. We also thanks to the
technical staff of contractor at their respective stations,
who were always ready to clarify our doubts and helped us
to increase our knowledge by illustrating us to the finer
points. We wish to express our deep gratitude to all the
concerned persons, whose enthusiasing support and co-
ordination have given me the success to complete my
training in the organization. We hope that this report will
reflect our technical knowledge and innovativeness, which
we gained at CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
,KENDRIYA BHAWAN, LUCKNOW.
 INTRODUCTION
ABOUT: - CENTRAL PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT

The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) is the Indian

government authority in charge of public sector works. The
CPWD, under the Ministry of Urban Development now Mohua
(Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs), It deals with buildings,
roads, bridges, flyovers and other complicated structures
including stadiums, auditoriums, laboratories, bunkers, border
fencing and border roads (hill roads). The CPWD came into
existence in July 1854 when Lord Dalhousie established a
central agency for execution of public works and set up Ajmer
Provincial Division. It has now grown into a comprehensive
construction management department, which provides services
from project conception to completion, and maintenance
management.

It is the prime engineering department of Government of union of

India and its specifications and manuals are followed by local public
works departments and engineering wing of other departments.

CPWD consists of three wings in execution field – B&R (Buildings

and Roads), E&M (Electrical and Mechanical) and horticulture.
 INDEX
 SITE LOCATION……………………….
 DRI BUILDING………………………....
 PLAN VIEW………………………………
 PLANNING………………………………
 SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK…..
 CONCRETE……………………………….
 BRICK……………………………………..
 AAC BLOCK………………………………
 SHAFT…………………………………….
 CEMENT…………………………………..
 PLASTER………………………………….
 DOOR………………………………………
 WINDOW………………………………….
 TILE………………………………………..
 SUPER STRUCTURE……………………..
 PARAPET WALL………………………….
 PORCH…………………………………….
 TANK………………………………………
 PARKING………………………………….
 SOIL AND WATER PIPE…………………
 FIRE SPRINKLER…………………………
 STAIRCASE………………………………..
 FINAL LOOK OF BUILDING…………….
 CONCLUSION……………………………..
 SITE LOCATION

1.
 DRI BUILDING

The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence is the apex anti-smuggling

agency of India, working under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes
& Customs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is tasked
with detecting and curbing smuggling of contraband, including
drug trafficking and illicit international trade in wildlife and
environmentally sensitive items, as well as combating commercial
frauds related to international trade and evasion of Customs duty.
The Directorate of Revenue intelligence appreciates and encourages
information provided by the informers. The inputs by the
conscientious citizens of the country helps DRI to prevent the
illegal import and commercial frauds, which otherwise are
detrimental to the economy of our country. To appreciate and
encourage the citizens, monetary reward based on the value of the
confiscated goods and penalty realised. The extent of reward
depends upon the specificity and accuracy of the information, the
risk and trouble undertaken, the extent and nature of the help
rendered by the informer, whether information gives clues to
persons involved in smuggling, or their associates etc. In
exceptional cases the reward to the informers can be as high as 20%
of the value of confiscated goods and penalty realised. However,
the informer is discouraged from submitting any false information,
which is liable to prosecution. The reward is disbursed only after
conclusion of adjudication/ appeal/revision proceedings. The final
reward is determined on the basis of the net sale proceeds of goods
seized/confiscated (if any) and/or the amount of additional
duty/fraudulently claimed Drawback recovered plus penalty/fine
recovered.
 Plan View
A plan view of a
directorate of revenue
intelligence building offers
an overhead depiction of
its layout. It encompasses
keyelements:
- **Entrance: ** Main access
point with security and
reception.

- **Office : ** Clearly
marked with seating arrangement for all parties involved. .
- **Director office
- **Support Areas: ** Clerk's office, waiting rooms, conference
rooms, and restrooms.
- **Security: ** Holding cells for defendants awaiting hearings.
- **Circulation: ** Corridors, elevators, and stairs ensuring easy
movement.
- **Accessibility: ** Facilities catering to people with disabilities.
- **Utilities: ** Mechanical rooms housing essential systems.
- **Exterior: ** Parking spaces and vehicular routes.
 PLANNING
Planning of a CPWD Project mainly includes :-

• Pre-requisites for execution of work.

• Deposit works • Preparation of estimates.
• Execution of original work.
• Expenditure on survey, exhibition.
• Register of buildings.
• Green building norms.
• Preparation and accounting of Standard Measurement book.
• Preparation and passing bills for payment.
• Documentation of accounts.
• Contracts and forms.
• Preparation of tender documents
• Publicity of tenders
• Sale of documents
• Earnest money.
• Issue of material to contractors.
• Issue of tool and plant.
• Payment to contractors
• Insurance
• Losses or damages.
• Budgeting
 SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK

Following are the sequence in which work is taking place in any

site.This sequence must be followed for proper coordination of
project before its deadline with full quality

• Site clearance
• Demarcation of site
• Positioning of central coordinate i.e. (0,0,0) as per grid plan
• Surveying and layout • Excavation
• Laying of PCC
• Bar binding and placement of foundation steel
• Shuttering and scaffolding
• Concreting
• Electrical and plumbing
• Deshuttering
• Brickwork
• AAC Blocks
• Doors and Windows frames along with Lintel
• Wiring for Electrical purposes
• Plastering
• Flooring and tiling work
1. CONCRETE: - Concrete is a versatile construction material
composed of a mixture of cement, aggregates (such as sand
and gravel), water, and sometimes additional additives. It
solidifies over time through a process called hydration,
forming a strong and durable material. Concrete is valued
for its ability to withstand compressive forces, making it
suitable for various construction applications. It's used to
create a wide range of structures, from buildings and bridges
to roads and dams. Its adaptability, strength, and relatively
low cost make concrete a foundational component in
modern construction.

CONCRETE
2.[a] BRICK: -A brick is a rectangular block typically made of
clay that is used in construction to build walls, buildings,
and other structures by stacking them together with mortar.
Bricks are known for their durability and strength, and they
have been used for thousands of years as a primary
building material.

[b]. AAC BLOCK: -

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block is a low-
maintenance precast building material with excellent
thermal insulation and durability. The heat-insulating
properties of AAC blocks keep the building cooler and
prevent outside heat from entering, resulting in
significant savings on air conditioning costs.
 AAC blocks also guarantee savings in foundation load,
structural steel consumption, and mortar consumption.
 [3]. SHAFT: -
Shaft is a vertical or inclined passage in a building, constructed to
provide access to different levels of the building for people, goods,
services, and utilities. Shafts are typically enclosed by walls or
partitions and are constructed with fire-resistant materials to prevent
the spread of fire between floors. They may be located within a
building's core or on its exterior walls depending on the design and
function of the building. They may also house electrical wiring and
plumbing fixtures that service multiple floors.
This building is equipped with three shaft: two electrical and one
fire shaft.
[4]. CEMENT:- Cement is used in building construction
for making concrete, the foundation of structures, structural
elements like columns and walls, flooring, pavements,
roads, masonry, stucco, plaster, precast elements, and repair
work, enhancing durability, strength, and stability.
Cement plays a crucial role in the construction versatile
structures. It binds different materials together, contributing
to the overall strength and stability of buildings and
infrastructure.
[5]. PLASTER: -
Plaster provides a visually appealing surface that can be
further painted, decorated, or textured.
Plaster helps protect walls and ceilings from environmental
elements, moisture, and minor impacts.
Depending on the type of plaster used, it can provide some
thermal and sound insulation.
Plaster creates a uniform and consistent base for further
treatments like painting or wallpapering.
Plaster can be used to repair damaged or uneven surfaces,
providing a seamless appearance. Fire Resistance Certain
plaster mixes offer fire-resistance enhancing the safety of
the building.
The plastering thickness for the ceiling is 6mm (1:3), for
the inner walls is 12mm (1:6), and for the outer walls is
18mm used in this building.
[6] DOOR :-
A door in building construction is a movable barrier
that provides access to and egress from differentspaces within
a building. Doors are an integral part of buildings, serving
various functions.
Entry and Exit Doors are used to enter and exit rooms,
buildings, and different areas within a structure.Ventilation
and Light Doors with windows or vents can allow light and
air circulation while maintaining separation.Privacy and
Security: Doors provide privacy by separating spaces and
controlling access. They also contribute to security by
preventing unauthorized entry.

Figure WOODEN CHAUKHAT

[7].WINDOW: - Windows in building construction are
openingsin walls that are typically covered with transparent or
translucent materials, such as glass. They serve several
important functions within a building. Size of window
1800x1800mm.
Natural Light Windows allow natural sunlight to enter
interior spaces, reducing the need for artificial lighting
during the day and creating a brighter environment.

[8].TILE: -
Tiles are used extensively in building constructionfor
various purposes due to their durability, versatility, and
aesthetic appeal. Here are some common uses of tiles in
construction.
Flooring Tiles are commonly used for flooring in both
residential and commercial spaces. They come in a wide
range of materials, designs, and sizes, providing options for
different styles and preferences.
Double charged vitrified tiles is used.
 Kitchens: Tiles are applied as backsplashes behind
countertops and stovetops to protect the walls from splashes
and spills. They add both style and functionality to the
kitchen.

TILES WORK MULTIPLE PURPOSE

[9]. SUPERSTRUCTURE: -
A superstructure in a building refers to the portion above the
foundation that supports the building's load. It includes walls, floors,
columns, beams, and other elements that form the main framework
of the building. The superstructure is essential for providing
stability, strength,and the desired architectural features of the
building.
[10].PARAPET WALL: - A parapet wall is a low protective wall
or barrier that typically extends along the edge of a roof, balcony,
terrace, or bridge. It serves various purposes, such asproviding
safety, preventing falls, and acting as a decorative element in
architecture.
[11]. PORCH:-
A porch is a covered shelter projecting in front of the entrance of a
building. It is typically attached to the exterior of the building and
can be enclosed or open. Porches are often used as a transition space
between the outdoors and the interior of the home, providing a place
to sit, relax, and enjoy the surrounding environment. They can vary
in size and style, and may include features such as railings, steps,
and columns.
 [12].TANK:-
A water tank is a container for storing water, for many applications, drinking
water, irrigation, fire suppression, farming, both for plants and livestock,
chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well as many other uses. Water
tank parameters include the general design of the tank, and choice of
construction materials, linings. Various materials are used for making a
water tank.
UG tank is used for domestic as well as fire suppression purpose.

. Various types of tanks are used in this building, such as an

underground (UG) tank with a capacity of 1.5 lakh and domestic tank
with a capacity of 25,000.
[13]. PARKING:-

Parking in a building typically refers to designated areas or

structures within or attached to a building that are intended for
vehicle storage.
These facilities may offer
various features such as
security, lighting, and
controlled access to ensure
the safety and convenience
of the vehicles and their
owners.
 [14] SOIL & WATER PIPE

 SOIL PIPE :- A soil pipe, also

called a waste pipe, is a crucial part of
a building's plumbing system. It carries
waste water and sewage from toilets,
sinks, and showers to the municipal
sewage system or a septic tank. Made
from materials like PVC or cast iron, it
prevents waste buildup and maintains
sanitation. Proper installation and
maintenance are essential to prevent
blockages and leaks.

WATER PIPE :- A water pipe is a fundamental component of

any plumbing system, responsible for conveying clean and
potable water to different parts of a building for various purposes
such as drinking, bathing, and cleaning. Typically crafted from
materials like copper, PVC, or PEX, water pipes ensure the safe
and consistent distribution of water to faucets, showers, toilets,
and appliances. Proper installation and maintenance are essential
to prevent leaks, minimize water wastage, and guarantee
uninterrupted water flow. Regular inspections help identify
potential issues and maintain the overall efficiency of the
plumbing system. Overall, water pipes play a crucial role in
providing the essential resource of water to meet daily household
and commercial requirements.
 [15]. FIRE SPRINKLERS
Fire sprinklers are an important component of fire protection systems in
buildings. They are designed to automatically discharge water or other
extinguishing agents when they detect a certain level of heat from a fire.
Fire sprinklers are a critical tool in quickly suppressing or controlling
fires, helping to minimize damage and protect occupants' lives.

Key points about fire sprinklers:

1. Activation: Fire sprinklers are individually activated by heat, and only

the sprinklers near the fire's heat source are triggered. This targeted
approach helps minimize water damage.

2. Types: There are various types of fire sprinklers, including wet-pipe,

dry-pipe, pre-action, and deluge systems. Each type is suited for specific
building environments and fire risks.

3. Installation: Fire sprinklers are strategically installed in ceilings or

overhead structures. The layout and design are based on factors such as
the building's layout, occupancy type, and fire safety regulations.

4. Effectiveness: Studies have shown that fire sprinklers can significantly

reduce fire-related fatalities and property damage.
FINAL LOOK OF BUILDING
 [16]. STAIRCASE:-

A staircase or stairway is one or more flights of stairs leading

from one floor to another, and includes landings, newel posts,
handrails, balustrades and additional parts. A stairwell is a
compartment extending vertically through a building in which stairs
are placed.
Dog legged quarter type stair is used.
 CONCLUSION
My personal experience of this report and the visit to the building
site is very good. We learned a lot by seeing the building being
built and how it is made in real life. I have saw the construction of
building but now I saw it in different view like some Civil
Engineer which is checking out buildings. During the visits to the
building site we were taking pictures of different parts of the
buildings. Also we asked some questions about the constructions.
During this visit to the building site we were trying to notice as
much as we can.