Chapter 2

Dynamics

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AP Physics C Multiple Choice Practice – Dynamics

SECTION A – Linear Dynamics

1. The parabola above is a graph of speed v as a function of time t for an object. Which of the following graphs
best represents the magnitude F of the net force exerted on the object as a function of time t?

2. When the frictionless system shown above is accelerated by an applied force of magnitude the tension in the
string between the blocks is (A) 2F (B) F (C) 2/3 F (D) ½ F (E) 1/3 F

3. A 100-newton weight is suspended by two cords as shown in the figure above. The tension in the slanted cord is
(A) 50 N (B) 100 N (C) 150 N (D) 200 N (E) 250 N

4. A particle of mass m moves along a straight path with a speed v defined by the function v = bt2 + c, where b and
c are constants and t is time. What is the magnitude F of the net force on the particle at time t = t 1 ?
(A) bt 1 2 + c (B) 3mbt 1 + 2c (C) mbt 1 (D) mbt 1 + c (E) 2mbt 1

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5. A mass m moves on a curved path from point X to point Y. Which of the following diagrams indicates a
possible combination of the net force F on the mass, and the velocity v and acceleration a of the mass at the
location shown?

6. Two blocks are pushed along a horizontal frictionless surface by a force of 20 newtons to the right, as shown
above. The force that the 2-kilogram block exerts on the 3-kilogram block is
(A) 8 newtons to the left (B) 8 newtons to the right (C) 10 newtons to the left
(D) 12 newtons to the right (E) 20 newtons to the left

7. A ball initially moves horizontally with velocity v i , as shown above. It is then struck by a stick. After leaving
the stick, the ball moves vertically with a velocity v f , which is smaller in magnitude than v i . Which of the
following vectors best represents the direction of the average force that the stick exerts on the ball?

8. If F 1 is the magnitude of the force exerted by the Earth on a satellite in orbit about the Earth and F 2 is the
magnitude of the force exerted by the satellite on the Earth, then which of the following is true?
(A) F 1 is much greater than F 2 . (B) F 1 is slightly greater than F 2 . (C) F 1 is equal to F 2 . (D) F 2 is
slightly greater than F 1 (E) F 2 is much greater than F 1

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9. Two 0.60-kilogram objects are connected by a thread that passes over a light, frictionless pulley, as shown
above. The objects are initially held at rest. If a third object with a mass of 0.30 kilogram is added on top of one
of the 0.60-kilogram objects as shown and the objects are released, the magnitude of the acceleration of the
0.30-kilogram object is most nearly
(A) 10.0 m/s2 (B) 6.0 m/s2 (C) 3.0 m/s2 (D) 2.0 m/s2 (E) 1.0 m/s2

Questions 10-11

A ball is thrown and follows a parabolic path, as shown above. Air friction is negligible. Point Q is the highest point
on the path.

10. Which of the following best indicates the direction of the acceleration, if any, of the ball at point Q ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(E) There is no acceleration of the
ball at point Q.

11. Which of the following best indicates the direction of the net force on the ball at point P ?

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

12. A block of mass 5 kilograms lies on an inclined plane, as shown above. The horizontal and vertical supports
for the plane have lengths of 4 meters and 3 meters, respectively. The coefficient of friction between the plane
and the block is 0.3. The magnitude of the force F necessary to pull the block up the plane with constant speed
is most nearly
(A) 30 N (B) 42 N (C) 49 N (D) 50 N (E) 58 N

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13. The position of a toy locomotive moving on a straight track along the x-axis is given by the equation x = t3 - 6t2
+ 9t, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. The net force on the locomotive is equal to zero when t is equal
to
(A) zero (B) 2 s (C) 3 s (D) 4 s (E) 5 s

Questions 14-15

A block of mass m is accelerated across a rough surface by a force of magnitude F that is exerted at an angle φ
with the horizontal, as shown above. The frictional force on the block exerted by the surface has magnitude f.

14. What is the acceleration of the block?

(A) F/m (B) (Fcosφ)/m (C) (F-f)/m (D) (Fcosφ-f)/m (E) (Fsinφ-mg)/m

15. What is the coefficient of friction between the block and the surface?
(A) f/mg (B) mg/f (C) (mg-Fcosφ)/f (D) f/(mg-Fcosφ) (E) f/(mg-Fsinφ)

16. An object is released from rest at time t = 0 and falls through the air, which exerts a resistive force such that the
acceleration a of the object is given by a = g - bv, where v is the object's speed and b is a constant. If limiting
cases for large and small values of t are considered, which of the following is a possible expression for the
speed of the object as an explicit function of time?
(A) v = g(1 - e-bt)/b (B) v = (gebt)/b (C) v = gt - bt2 (D) v = (g + a)t/b (E) v = v 0 + gt, v 0 ≠ O

17. Three blocks of masses 3m, 2m, ands are connected to strings A, B, and C as shown above. The blocks are
pulled along a rough surface by a force of magnitude F exerted by string C. The coefficient of friction between
each block and the surface is the same. Which string must be the strongest in order not to break?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) They must all be the same strength.
(E) It is impossible to determine without knowing the coefficient of friction.

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Questions 18-19

A block of mass 3 kg, initially at rest, is pulled along a frictionless, horizontal surface with a force shown as a
function of time t by the graph above.

18. The acceleration of the block at t = 2 s is

(A) 3/4 m/s2 (B) 4/3 m/s2 (C) 2 m/s2 (D) 8 m/s2 (E) 12 m/s2

19. The speed of the block at t = 2 s is

(A) 4/3 m/s (B) 8/3 m/s (C) 4 m/s (D) 8 m/s (E) 24 m/s

20. An object weighing 300 N is suspended by means of two cords, as shown above. The tension in the horizontal
cord is
(A) 0 N (B) 150 N (C) 210 N (D) 300 N (E) 400 N

Questions 21-23
A small box is on a ramp tilted at an angle θ above the horizontal. The box may be subject to the following
forces: frictional
(f ) ,gravitational (mg), pulling or pushing (F P ) and normal (N). In the following free-body diagrams for the
box, the lengths of the vectors are proportional to the magnitudes of the forces.

21. Which figure best represents the free-body diagram for the box if it is accelerating up the ramp?
(A) Figure A (B) Figure B (C) Figure C (D) Figure D (E) Figure E

22. Which figure best represents the free-body diagram for the box if it is at rest on the ramp?
(A) Figure A (B) Figure B (C) Figure C (D) Figure D (E) Figure E

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23. Which figure best represents the free-body diagram for the box if it is sliding down the ramp at constant speed?
(A) Figure A (B) Figure B (C) Figure C (D) Figure D (E) Figure E

24. Two blocks of masses M and m, with M > m, are connected by a light string. The string passes over a
frictionless pulley of negligible mass so that the blocks hang vertically. The blocks are then released from rest.
What is the acceleration of the block of mass M?
M −m M +m M +m M −m
(A) g (B) g (C) g (D) g (E) g
M M M −m M +m

25. A horizontal force F pushes a block of mass m against a vertical wall. The coefficient of friction between the
block and the wall is μ. What value of F is necessary to keep the block from slipping down the wall?
(A) mg (B) μ mg (C) mg/μ (D) mg(1 - μ) (E) mg(1 + μ)

26. A dart gun is used to fire two rubber darts with different but unknown masses, M 1 and M 2 . The gun exerts the
same constant force on each dart, but its magnitude F is unknown. The magnitudes of the accelerations of both
darts, a 1 and a 2 , respectively, are measured. Which of the following can be determined from these data?
(A) F only (B) M 1 and M 2 only (C) The ratio of M 1 and M 2 only
(D) F and the ratio of M 1 and M 2 only (E) F, M 1; and M 2

27. The velocity υ of an elevator moving upward between adjacent floors is shown as a function of time t in the
graph above. At which of the following times is the force exerted by the elevator floor on a passenger the least?
(A) 1 s (B) 3 s (C) 4 s (D) 5 s (E) 6 s

28. An object of mass m moves with acceleration a down a frictionless incline that makes an angle with the
horizontal, as shown above. If Ν is the normal force exerted by the plane on the block, which of the following is
correct?
(A) Ν = mg (B) Ν = ma (C) a = mg sin θ (D) a = g sin θ (E) a = mg cos θ

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29. A skier slides at constant speed down a slope inclined at an angle φ to the horizontal, as shown above. If air
resistance is negligible, the coefficient of friction μ between the skis and the snow is equal to
(Α) (Β) (C) sin φ (D) cos φ (E) tan φ

30. The object of mass m shown above is dropped from rest near Earth's surface and experiences a resistive force of
magnitude kv, where υ is the speed of the object and k is a constant. Which of the following expressions can be
used to find υ as a function of time t? (Assume that the direction of the gravitational force is positive.)
v t
dv dt
(A) ∫
0
=
mg − kv 0 m ∫
t v
dv dt
(B) ∫
0
=
mg − kv 0 m ∫
v t
dv dt
(C)
0
∫ =
kv 0 m ∫
v t
(D) ∫
0
∫
( mg − kv )dv = m dt
0
v t
(E) ∫ (mg − kv )dt = ∫ m dv
0 0

31. A 5 kg object is propelled from rest at time t =0 by a net force F that always acts in the same direction. The
magnitude of F in newtons is given as a function of t in seconds by F = 0.5t. What is the speed of the object at t
= 4 s?
(A) 0.5 m/s (B) 0.8 m/s (C) 2.0 m/s (D) 4.0 m/s (E) 8.0 m/s

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32. A car is traveling along a straight, level road when it runs out of gas at time t = 0. From this time on, the net
force on the car is a resistive force of -kv, where ν is velocity and k is a constant. Which of the following pairs
of graphs best represents the speed υ and position x of the car as functions of time after t = 0?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

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SECTION B – Circular Motion

1. A racing car is moving around the circular track of radius 300 meters shown above. At the instant when the car's
velocity is directed due east, its acceleration is directed due south and has a magnitude of 3 meters per second
squared. When viewed from above, the car is moving
(A) clockwise at 30 m/s (B) clockwise at 10 m/ s (C) counterclockwise at 30 m/s
(D) counterclockwise at 10 m/s (E) with constant velocity

2. A ball of mass m is attached to the end of a string of length Q as shown above. The ball is released from rest
from position P. where the string is horizontal. It swings through position Q. where the string is vertical, and
then to position R. where the string is again horizontal. What are the directions of the acceleration vectors of the
ball at positions Q and R?
Position Q Position R
(A) Downward Downward
(B) Downward To the right
(C) Upward Downward
(D) Upward To the left
(E) To the right To the left

3. A spring has a force constant of 100 N/m and an unstretched length of 0.07 m. One end is attached to a post that
is free to rotate in the center of a smooth table, as shown in the top view above. The other end is attached to a 1
kg disc moving in uniform circular motion on the table, which stretches the spring by 0.03 m. Friction is
negligible. What is the centripetal force on the disc?
(A) 0.3 N (B) 3N (C) 10 N (D) 300 N (E) 1,000 N

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4. A figure of a dancer on a music box moves counterclockwise at constant speed around the path shown above.
The path is such that the lengths of its segments, PQ, QR, RS, and SP, are equal. Arcs QR and SP are
semicircles. Which of the following best represents the magnitude of the dancer's acceleration as a function of
time t during one trip around the path, beginning at point P ?

5. One end of a string is fixed. An object attached to the other end moves on a horizontal plane with uniform
circular motion of radius R and frequency f. The tension in the string is F s . If both the radius and frequency are
doubled, the tension is
(A) (B) (C) 2F s (D) 4 F s (E) 8 F s

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AP Physics Free Response Practice – Dynamics

SECTION A – Linear Dynamics

1975M1. A sphere of mass m is released from rest. As it falls, the air exerts a retarding force on the sphere that is
proportional to the sphere's velocity ( F R = -kv). Neglect the buoyancy force of the air.
a. On the circles below draw vectors representing the forces acting on the sphere
i. just after it is released and
ii. after it has been falling- for a long time and reached terminal velocity. Give each vector a descriptive label

(i) (ii)
b. Determine the terminal velocity of the sphere
c. Draw the following three graphs for the sphere's motion clearly showing significant features of the motion just
after the sphere is released as well as after a long time.
i. Acceleration as a function of time ii. Velocity as a function of time iii. Position as a function of time.

Acceleration

Velocity

Position

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1977M1 (modified) A block of mass m, which has an initial velocity v o at time t = 0, slides on a horizontal surface.
If the sliding friction force f exerted on the block by the surface is directly proportional to its velocity (that is, f
= -kv) determine the following:
a. The acceleration a of the block in terms of m, k, and v.
b. The speed v of the block as a function of time t.
c. The total distance the block slides.

1981M1. A block of mass m, acted on by a force of magnitude F directed horizontally to the right as shown above,
slides up an inclined plane that makes an angle θ with the horizontal. The coefficient of sliding friction
between the block and the plane is µ.
a. On the diagram of the block below, draw and label all the forces that act on the block as it slides up the plane.

b. Develop an expression in terms of m, θ, F, µ, and g, for the block’s acceleration up the plane.
c. Develop an expression for the magnitude of the force F that will allow the block to slide up the plane with
constant velocity. What relation must θ and µ satisfy in order for this solution to be physically meaningful?

1982M2 (modified) A car of mass M moves with an initial speed v o on a straight horizontal road. The car is
brought to rest by braking in such a way that the speed of the car is given as a function of time t by v = (v o ² -
Rt/M)½ where R is a constant.
a. Determine the time it takes to bring the car to a complete stop.
b. Develop an equation for the acceleration of the car as a function of time t.
c. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the braking force as a function of time t.

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1984M3. A small body of mass m located near the Earth’s surface falls from rest in the Earth's gravitational field.
Acting on the body is a resistive force of magnitude kmv, where k is a constant and v is the speed of the body.
a. On the diagram below, draw and identify all of the forces acting on the body as it falls.

b. Write the differential equation that represents Newton's second law for this situation.
c. Determine the terminal speed v T of the body.
d. Integrate the differential equation once to obtain an expression for the speed v as a function of time t. Use the
condition that v = 0 when t = 0.
e. On the axes provided below, draw a graph of the speed v as a function of time t.

1986M1. The figure above shows an 80-kilogram person standing on a 20-kilogram platform suspended by a rope
passing over a stationary pulley that is free to rotate. The other end of the rope is held by the person. The
masses of the rope and pulley are negligible. You may use g = 10 m/ s2. Assume that friction is negligible, and
the parts of the rope shown remain vertical.
a. If the platform and the person are at rest, what is the tension in the rope?

The person now pulls on the rope so that the acceleration of the person and the platform is 2 m/s2 upward.
b. What is the tension in the rope under these new conditions?
c. Under these conditions, what is the force exerted by the platform on the person?

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1990M1. An object of mass m moving along the x-axis with velocity v is slowed by a force F = -kv, where k is a
constant. At time t = 0, the object has velocity v o at position x = 0, as shown above.
a. What is the initial acceleration (magnitude and direction) produced by the resistance force?
b. Derive an equation for the object's velocity as a function of time t, and sketch this function on the axes below.
Let a velocity directed to the right be considered positive.

c. Derive an equation for the distance the object travels as a function of time t and sketch this function on the axes
below.

d. Determine the distance the object travels from t = 0 to t = ∞.

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1993M2. A car of mass m, initially at rest at time t = 0, is driven to the right, as shown above, along a straight,
horizontal road with the engine causing a constant force F o to be applied. While moving, the car encounters a
resistance force equal to -kv, where v is the velocity of the car and k is a positive constant.
a. The dot below represents the center of mass of the car. On this figure, draw and label vectors to represent all the
forces acting on the car as it moves with a velocity v to the right.

b. Determine the horizontal acceleration of the car in terms of k, v, F o , and m.

c. Derive the equation expressing the velocity of the car as a function of time t in terms of k, v, F o , and m.
d. Sketch a graph of the car's velocity v as a function of time t. Label important values on the vertical axis.
e. Sketch a graph of the car's acceleration a as a function of time t. Label important values on the vertical axis.

1996M2. A 300-kg box rests on a platform attached to a forklift, shown above. Starting from rest at time = 0, the
box is lowered with a downward acceleration of 1.5 m/s2
a. Determine the upward force exerted by the horizontal platform on the box as it is lowered.

At time t = 0, the forklift also begins to move forward with an acceleration of 2 m/s2 while lowering the box as
described above. The box does not slip or tip over.
b. Determine the frictional force on the box.
c. Given that the box does not slip, determine the minimum possible coefficient of friction between the box and
the platform.
d. Determine an equation for the path of the box that expresses y as a function of x (and not of t), assuming that, at
time t = 0, the box has a horizontal position x = 0 and a vertical position y = 2 m above the ground, with zero
velocity.
e. On the axes below sketch the path taken by the box

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1998M3. Block 1 of mass m 1 is placed on block 2 of mass m 2 which is then placed on a table. A string connecting
block 2 to a hanging mass M passes over a pulley attached to one end of the table, as shown above. The mass
and friction of the pulley are negligible. The coefficients of friction between blocks 1 and 2 and between block
2 and the tabletop are nonzero and are given in the following table.

Express your answers in terms of the masses, coefficients of friction, and g, the acceleration due to gravity.
a. Suppose that the value of M is small enough that the blocks remain at rest when released. For each of the
following forces, determine the magnitude of the force and draw a vector on the block provided to indicate the
direction of the force if it is nonzero.
i. The normal force N 1 exerted on block 1 by block 2

m1

ii. The friction force f 1 exerted on block 1 by block 2

m1

iii. The force T exerted on block 2 by the string

m2

iv. The normal force N 2 exerted on block 2 by the tabletop

m2

v. The friction force f 2 exerted on block 2 by the tabletop

m2

b. Determine the largest value of M for which the blocks can remain at rest.
c. Now suppose that M is large enough that the hanging block descends when the blocks are released. Assume
that blocks 1 and 2 are moving as a unit (no slippage). Determine the magnitude a of their acceleration.

d. Now suppose that M is large enough that as the hanging block descends, block 1 is slipping on block 2.
Determine each of the following.
i. The magnitude a 1 of the acceleration of block 1
ii. The magnitude a 2 of the acceleration of block 2

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2000M2. A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a cliff. As the ball falls, it is subject to air drag (a resistive force
caused by the air). The drag force on the ball has magnitude bv2, where b is a constant drag coefficient and v is
the instantaneous speed of the ball. The drag coefficient b is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of
the ball and the density of the air and does not depend on the mass of the ball. As the ball falls, its speed
approaches a constant value called the terminal speed.
a. On the figure below, draw and label all the forces on the ball at some instant before it reaches terminal speed.

b. State whether the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball of mass m increases, decreases, or remains the same
as the ball approaches terminal speed. Explain.
c. Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t, the
given quantities, and fundamental constants.
d. Determine the terminal speed v t in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.

2005M1. A ball of mass M is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of v o . It experiences a force of air
resistance given by F = -kv, where k is a positive constant. The positive direction for all vector quantities is
upward. Express all algebraic answers in terms of M, k, v o , and fundamental constants.
a. Does the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball increase, decrease, or remain the same as the ball moves
upward?
increases decreases remains the same
Justify your answer.
b. Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t as
the ball moves upward.
c. Determine the terminal speed of the ball as it moves downward.
d. Does it take longer for the ball to rise to its maximum height or to fall from its maximum height back to the
height from which it was thrown?
longer to rise longer to fall
Justify your answer.
e. On the axes below, sketch a graph of velocity versus time for the upward and downward parts of the ball's
flight, where t f is the time at which the ball returns to the height from which it was thrown.

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2006M1. A small block of mass M B = 0.50 kg is placed on a long slab of mass M S = 3.0 kg as shown above.
Initially, the slab is at rest and the block has a speed v o of 4.0 m/s to the right. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the block and the slab is 0.20, and there is no friction between the slab and the horizontal surface on
which it moves.
a. On the dots below that represent the block and the slab, draw and label vectors to represent .the forces acting on
each as the block slides on the slab.

At some moment later, before the block reaches the right end of the slab, both the block and the slab attain
identical speeds v f .
b. Calculate v f .
c. Calculate the distance the slab has traveled at the moment it reaches v f .

2007M1. A block of mass m is pulled along a rough horizontal surface by a constant applied force of magnitude F 1
that acts at an angle θ to the horizontal, as indicated above. The acceleration of the block is a 1 . Express all
algebraic answers in terms of m, F 1 , θ , a 1 , and fundamental constants.
a. On the figure below, draw and label a free-body diagram showing all the forces on the block.

b. Derive an expression for the normal force exerted by the surface on the block.
c. Derive an expression for the coefficient of kinetic friction μ between the block and the surface.
d. On the axes below, sketch graphs of the speed v and displacement x of the block as functions of time t if the
block started from rest at x = 0 and t = 0.

e. If the applied force is large enough, the block will lose contact with the surface. Derive an expression for the
magnitude of the greatest acceleration a max that the block can have and still maintain contact with the ground.

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2008M1. A skier of mass M is skiing down a frictionless hill that makes an angle θ with the horizontal, as shown in
the diagram. The skier starts from rest at time t = 0 and is subject to a velocity-dependent drag force due to air
resistance of the form F = –bv, where v is the velocity of the skier and b is a positive constant. Express all
algebraic answers in terms of M, b, θ, and fundamental constants.
a. On the dot below that represents the skier, draw a free-body diagram indicating and labeling all of the forces
that act on the skier while the skier descends the hill.

b. Write a differential equation that can be used to solve for the velocity of the skier as a function of time.
c. Determine an expression for the terminal velocity v T of the skier.
d. Solve the differential equation in part (b) to determine the velocity of the skier as a function of time, showing all
your steps.
e. On the axes below, sketch a graph of the acceleration a of the skier as a function of time t, and indicate the
initial value of a. Take downhill as positive.
a

O
t

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2010M1. Students are to conduct an experiment to investigate the relationship between the terminal speed of a stack
of falling paper coffee filters and its mass. Their procedure involves stacking a number of coffee filters, like the
one shown in the figure above, and dropping the stack from rest. The students change the number of filters in
the stack to vary the mass m while keeping the shape of the stack the same. As a stack of coffee filters falls,
there is an air resistance (drag) force acting on the filters.
a. The students suspect that the drag force F D is proportional to the square of the speed v : F D = Cv2, where C is a
constant. Using this relationship, derive an expression relating the terminal speed v T to the mass m.

The students conduct the experiment and obtain the following data.

Mass of the stack of filters, m (kg) 1.12 x 10-3 2.04 x 10-3 2.96 x 10-3 4.18 x 10-3 5.10 x 10-3
Terminal speed, v T (m/s) .51 .62 .82 .92 1.06

b.
i. Assuming the functional relationship for the drag force above, use the grid below to plot a linear graph as a
function of m to verify the relationship. Use the empty boxes in the data table, as appropriate, to record any
calculated values you are graphing. Label the vertical axis as appropriate, and place numbers on both axes.

ii. Use your graph to calculate C.

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2010M1(continued)
A particular stack of filters with mass m is dropped from rest and reaches a speed very close to terminal speed
by the time it has fallen a vertical distance Y.
c.
i. Sketch an approximate graph of speed versus time from the time the filters are released up to the time t=T that
the filters have fallen the distance Y. Indicate time t=T and terminal speed v=v T on the graph.

ii. Suppose you had a graph like the one sketched in (c) (i) that had a numerical scale on each axis. Describe how
you could use the graph to approximate the distance Y.

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SECTION B – Circular Motion

1976M1. A small block of mass m slides on a horizontal frictionless surface as it travels around the inside of a hoop
of radius R. The coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is µ; therefore, the speed v of the block
decreases. In terms of m, R. µ, and v, find expressions for each of the following.
a. The frictional force on the block
b. The block's tangential acceleration dv/dt
c. The time required to reduce the speed of the block from an initial value v 0 to v 0 /3

1984M1. An amusement park ride consists of a rotating vertical cylinder with rough canvas walls. The floor is
initially about halfway up the cylinder wall as shown above. After the rider has entered and the cylinder is
rotating sufficiently fast, the floor is dropped down, yet the rider does not slide down. The rider has mass of 50
kilograms, the radius R of the cylinder is 5 meters, the angular velocity of the cylinder when rotating is 2
radians per second, and the coefficient of static friction between the rider and the wall of the cylinder is 0.6.

a. On the diagram below. draw and identify the forces on the rider when the system is rotating and the floor has
dropped down.
b. Calculate the centripetal force on the rider when the cylinder is rotating and state what provides that force.
c. Calculate the upward force that keeps the rider from falling when the floor is dropped down and state what
provides that force.
d. At the same rotational speed, would a rider of twice the mass slide down the wall? Explain your answer.

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1988M1. A highway curve that has a radius of curvature of 100 meters is banked at an angle of 15° as shown
above.
a. Determine the vehicle speed for which this curve is appropriate if there is no friction between the road and the
tires of the vehicle.

On a dry day when friction is present, an automobile successfully negotiates the curve at a speed of 25 m/s.

b. On the diagram above, in which the block represents the automobile, draw and label all of the forces on the
automobile.
c. Determine the minimum value of the coefficient of friction necessary to keep this automobile from sliding as it
goes around the curve.

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