J.S.S.

1
1ST TERM
WEEKS TOPIC CONTENT
1 Revision Revision
2 Historical Development 1. Early counting devices (fingers, stones, sticks, pebbles,
of Computers cowries, etc)
2. Mechanical counting and calculating devices: Abacus,
Slide rule, etc.
3 Historical Development 3. Electro-mechanical counting devices:
of Computers - John Napier bone
- Blaire Pascal machine
- Gottfried Leibniz machine
- Joseph Jacquard loom
- Charles Babbage analytical machine
- Philip Emeagwali
4 Historical Development 1. Electronic counting devices and modern computer:
of Computers II - Herman Hollerith punch cards
- John Von Neumann
- Modern machines
5 Historical Development 2. Generations of computers:
of Computers II - First
- Second
- Third
- Fourth
- Fifth
6 CISCO Get Connected Basic Computer Knowledge I
Module 1
7 Continuous Assessment Continuous Assessment and Mid-Term break
8 Data Processing I 1. Definition
2. Data processing cycle:
- Data Gathering
- Data Collation
- Input stage
- Processing stage
- Storage stage
- Output stage
9 Data Processing II 1. Importance of the computer as a tool for processing data:
- Increased accuracy
- Efficient storage facilities
- Fast access to information
- Handles repetitive tasks
10. Revision
11. Examination
12. Examination
 LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 21st – 25th September, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: One & Two
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 80 minutes per week
Topic: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
Sub Topic: Early counting devices (Definition and Examples)
Instructional Material: Installation CD and computer system
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
(i) What do you understand by early counting devices?
(ii) Name and describe three early counting devices.
Reference Materials: Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Education (JS 1): HiiT Plc, 2010,
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
PRESENTATIONS
st
1 Period – Revision of last session work and Introduction of new topic.
Explanation of new topic and demonstration with Instructional Materials
nd
2 Period – Writing of note and classwork
Step I: She asks questions on previous knowledge of the student on the topic.
Step II: She introduces the new topic, explain and start illustration with Instructional Material
Step III: She gives notes according to the content and monitors the students while writing.
CONTENT
1st Period
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
Early counting devices (Definition and Examples)
The history and development of computer can be traced back to the studies of Mathematics which started
with counting. The history of Mathematics is the history of civilization. The problems posted by these early
counting and data processing method were enormous. The major problem with these devices was that they
could not be used for counting large numbers efficiently.
These has led to various computing inventions in search for a tool that could enable man meet his
computational and data processing needs until we have the computer today.
It was in the process of finding solutions to the problem of counting that early counting devices emerged.
These devices include fingers, toes, stones, sticks, pebbles, cowries, etc.

Examples of fingers and toes

method of calculation is seen
below;

As time went on, fingers and

toes method became ineffective,
especially for large numbers,
hence, the emergence of
counting and solving basic
arithmetic problems with the use
of stones and sticks.
EVALUATION:
(i) What do you understand by early counting devices?
(ii) Name and describe three early counting devices.

READING ASSIGNMENT:
Study the topic ‘Mechanical Counting devices’ using your students’ textbook

ASSIGNMENT:
Mention three (3) limitations of early counting devices.

2ND PERIOD
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS:
Mechanical counting and calculating devices
As a result of the disadvantages of the early counting devices, a more advanced mechanical counting and
calculating devices were invented. Some of these are;

 Abacus
 Slide
 Speeding Clock or Calculating Clock

THE ABACUS
The Abacus was made up of beads threaded on iron rods. The iron
rods were fixed on a rectangular wooden frame. The Abacus was
used for addition and subtraction. It could not carry out complex
mathematics. The Abacus was early used for arithmetic tasks. The
Abacus was developed in China about 5000 years ago. The
Abacus was successful that its use spread from china to many
other countries.

SLIDE RULE
The slide rule also known as a slip-stick is a mechanical analogue computer. The slide rule is used primarily
for multiplication, division, and also functions such as roots, algorithms and trigonometry, but is not
normally used for addition or subtraction.
Slide rules come in diverse range of styles and generally appear in a straight or circular form with a
standardized set of markings (scales) essential to performing mathematical computations.
William
Oughtred and
others
developed the
slide rule in the
1600s based on the
emerging work on logarithms by John Napier. The use of slide rule continued to grow through the 1950s and
1960s even as digital computing devices were being gradually introduced.
SPEEDING CLOCK OR CALCULATING CLOCK
Schickard invented a calculating machine in 1623. His colleagues called his machine the Speeding Clock or
Calculating Clock. The machine could add and subtract six-digit numbers, and indicate an overflow of this
capacity by ringing a bell; to add more complex calculations, a set of Napier’s bones were mounted on it.
Schickard’s machine was not programmable.

EVALUATION
1. List three types of mechanical counting and calculating devices
2. The slide rule was invented by_________________

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Describe any two of the following: (i) Abacus (ii) Slide rule (iii) Calculating clock

_____________________________
Folarin O.F.A.
Teacher’s Signature/Date

_____________________________
HOD’s Signature/Date
 LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 28th September – 2nd October, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: Three
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 80 minutes per week
Topic: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
Sub Topic: Electro-Mechanical Counting Devices
Instructional Material: Installation CD and computer system
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
a. Mention and describe FOUR electro-mechanical counting devices.
b. When was Blaise Pascal adding machine invented?
Reference Materials: Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Education (JS 1): HiiT Plc, 2010,
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
PRESENTATIONS
st
1 Period – Revision of last session work and Introduction of new topic.
Explanation of new topic and demonstration with Instructional Materials
nd
2 Period – Writing of note and classwork
Step I: She asks questions on previous knowledge of the student on the topic.
Step II: She introduces the new topic, explain and start illustration with Instructional Material
Step III: She gives notes according to the content and monitors the students while writing.
CONTENT
1st Period
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COUNTING DEVICES:
These are counting devices that could be operated both electrically and mechanically. Electro-mechanical
devices include the following:
(i) John Napier Bone
(ii) Blaise Pascal machine
(iii) Gottfried Leibniz Machine
(iv) Joseph Jacquard Loom
(v) Charles Babbage Analytical Machine

JOHN NAPIER BONE

While producing the first logarithmic
tables, Napier needed to perform many
multiplications, and it was at this point
that he designed Napier’s bones in
1614, an abacus-like device used for
multiplication and division.

BLAISE PASCAL’S CALCULATING MACHINE

Blaise Pascal was a French man who developed the first true adding machine in 1642. He was a
mathematical as well as a philosopher. In 1642, he began working on calculating machines and after 3 years
invented the mechanical calculator. He built 20 of these machines (called the Pascaline) in the following 10
years.
Blaise Pascal was born in France in 1623 and died in Paris in 1662. His machine was based on Abacus
principle.
EVALUATION:
1. Mention and describe FOUR electro-mechanical counting devices.
2. When was Blaise Pascal adding machine invented?

GOTTFRIED W. VON LEIBNITZ carried out further development on the work of Blaise Pascal so that
multiplication and division could be carried out directly. He invented a machine called “THE STEPPED
RECKONER” in 1694. The machine is a mechanical calculator which can do multiplication, division and
calculate square roots.

JOSEPH JACQUARD LOOM

Jacquard Loom is a mechanical loom invented by Joseph Marie
Jacquard in 1801. The loom simplifies the process of manufacturing
textiles with complex patterns such as brocade and damask. The
loom is controlled by paste board cards with punched holes, each
row of which corresponds to one row of the design. Multiple rows of
holes are punched on each card and the many cards that compose the
design of the textile are strung together in order.
The Jacquard loom was the first machine to use punch cards to
control a sequence of operations.

EVALUATION:
Briefly describe the following; (i) Jacquard loom (ii) Gottfried Leibniz machine

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COUNTING DEVICES

CHARLES BABBAGE ANALYTICAL MACHINE
He was the first person to design a computer that is different from a
calculator. In 1822, he developed ‘difference engine’ that could perform
intricate calculations correctly and rapidly on the principle that anticipated
the modern electronic computer. In 1837, the ‘analytical engine’ was
developed and it could be programmed. That means it can receive
instructions and solve problems given to it. Charles Babbage is referred to as
the father of modern day computers because all his ideas are contained in
modern computers.

The Analytical Engine had the following parts:

1. A mill for calculation
2. A store for holding instructions, intermediate and final results
3. An operator (or system) for carrying out instruction
4. A device for ‘reading’ and ‘writing’ data on punched card

EVALUATION:
1. Highlight the machines invented by Charles Babbage
2. Mention the parts that makes up an analytical engine

PHILIP EMEAGWALI
Dr. Philip Emeagwali, who had been called the Bill Gates of Africa, was born in Akure, Nigeria on 23
August 1954, invented one of the world’s fastest computers. He dropped out of school in 1967 because of
the Nigerian-Biafran war.
Dr. Philip Emeagwali first entered the limelight in 1989 when he won the prestigious Gordon Bell Prize for
his work with massively parallel computers. He programmed the connection machine to compute a world
record 3.1 billion calculations per second using 65,536 processors to simulate oil reservoirs. With over 41
inventions, Philip Emeagwali is making big waves in the super computer industry.

EVALUATION:
What was the major contribution of Dr Philip Emeagwali to the development of computers

GENERAL EVALUATION:
1. List three people who were inventors of electro-mechanical devices and the machine they invented.
2. Why is Charles “Babbage referred to as the “father of Computer”

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Which of the following is NOT an electro-mechanical counting device
(a) John Napier bone (b) Stepped reckoner (c) Jacquard loom (d) Calculating clock
2. Gottfried Leibniz invented a machine known as
(a) Adding machine (b) Textile loom (c) Stepped reckoner (d) Napier bone
3. Which of the following inventors designed a machine with similar elements to modern
digital computers.
(a) Blaise Pascal (b) Charles Babbage (c) John Napier (d) Ada Lovelace

_____________________________
Folarin O.F.A.
Teacher’s Signature/Date

_____________________________
HOD’s Signature/Date
 LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 5th - 9th October, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: Four
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 80 minutes per week
Topic: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS II
Sub Topic: Electro-Mechanical Counting Devices and Modern Machine
Instructional Material: Installation CD and computer system
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
(i) What was the major function of Hollerith machine?
(ii) Enumerate three areas of interest in John Von Neumann concept
Reference Materials: Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Education (JS 1): HiiT Plc, 2010,
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
PRESENTATIONS
st
1 Period – Revision of last session work and Introduction of new topic.
Explanation of new topic and demonstration with Instructional Materials
nd
2 Period – Writing of note and classwork
Step I: She asks questions on previous knowledge of the student on the topic.
Step II: She introduces the new topic, explain and start illustration with Instructional Material
Step III: She gives notes according to the content and monitors the students while writing.
CONTENT
1st Period
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS II
ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COUNTING DEVICES
HERMAN HOLLERITH PUNCH CARDS
HOLLERITH CENSUS MACHINE: Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was
an American statistician and inventor who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards to
rapidly tabulate statistics from millions of pieces of data. He was the founder of the Tabulating Machine
Company that later merged to become IBM. Hollerith is widely regarded as the father of modern automatic
computation.

JOHN VON NEUMANN MACHINE

It was developed in the 1940s. Von Neumann developed the stored program concept
in which programs could be read into computer’s memory for processing. His area of
interest included:
 Use of binary codes for representing data and instructions.
 Use of codes to store both data and instruction together and share the same storage location (space)
within the computer
 Use of computer to process both data and instructions
 Modification of programs by programs.

MODERN MACHINE
Modern machine are electronic and digital machines.
A modern machine is a mechanical structure that uses power to apply forces and control movement to
perform an intended action. Machines can be driven by animals and people, by natural forces such as wind
and water, and by chemical, thermal or electrical power, and include a system of mechanisms that shape the
actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement.
LIST OF MODERN MACHINES
Farm Hospital Home
Apple Harvester Electric wheelchairs Industrial Cake Mixer
Tomato Harvester Insulin Pumps Yam pounder
Cow Milking Machine Pregnancy Scanner Washing Machine
Carrot harvester and separator Breast pumps Juice Extractor
Robotic lettuce harvester Pressure mattress Microwave
Lawn Mower Boiling Kettle

EVALUATION
(i) What was the major function of Hollerith machine?
(ii) Enumerate three areas of interest in John Von Neumann concept

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. List 10 modern machines
2. Mention any modern machine you have used?

_____________________________
Folarin O.F.A.
Teacher’s Signature/Date

_____________________________
HOD’s Signature/Date
 LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 12th – 16th October, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: Five
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 80 minutes per week
Topic: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS II
Sub Topic: Electro-Mechanical Counting Devices and Modern Machine
Instructional Material: Installation CD and computer system
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
a. What is a microprocessor?
b. List two characteristics of 3rd generation computers
Reference Materials: Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Education (JS 1): HiiT Plc, 2010,
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
PRESENTATIONS
st
1 Period – Revision of last session work and Introduction of new topic.
Explanation of new topic and demonstration with Instructional Materials
nd
2 Period – Writing of note and classwork
Step I: She asks questions on previous knowledge of the student on the topic.
Step II: She introduces the new topic, explain and start illustration with Instructional Material
Step III: She gives notes according to the content and monitors the students while writing.
CONTENT
1st Period
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER:
Generation of computers is the developmental stages that the computer has gone through. There are 5
generations of computers and their accompanying innovations.

1ST GENERATION
First generation computers were those manufactured between 1946 and 1960. The computers used the stored
program concept. First generation computers were associated with the vacuum tubes or valves technology.
CHARACTERISTICS:
 They were very bulky and heavy.
 They measured between 50 – 100ft long and about 80ft high.
 The computers weighed up to 200 tons and occupied 3000 cubic ft.
 They used vacuum tubes to store and process data.
 Examples of first generation computers are ENIAC, EDSAC, and UNIVAC.

PROBLEMS OF FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

1. The vacuum tubes also generated a lot of heat. Therefore, they needed a cooling system.

2ND GENERATION TRANSISTOR

Second generation computers were developed between 1960 and 1964. The computers used transistors. The
transistor was invented by William Shockley in 1948. Magnetic tapes were used for storage.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. They were smaller in size than first generation computers.
2. They occupied smaller space than the first generation computers.
3. Second generation computers used less electricity and generated less heat.
4. The transistors could do all that the vacuum tubes did.
5. The computers were faster and lighter in weight than first generation computers.
Examples of second generation computers are NCR, 315, IBM, 7030.
3RD GENERATION INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Third generation computers were manufactured between 1964 and 1970.
During this period, the integrated circuit was invented.
They were first used in space ships and electronic military equipment.

CHARACTERISTICS:
1. The computers used integrated circuits.
2. They were faster than second generation computers.
3. They were smaller in size and also more powerful.
4. The computers had fast memory access.

4TH GENERATION VERY LARGE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

The computers were manufactured between 1974 and 1984. One of the most important results of large-scale
integration was the introduction of the microprocessor in the fourth generation by an American company –
Intel Corporation. A microprocessor is a central processing unit fabricated on a chip. This generation of
computers had optical readers and graphic display terminals. The use of floppy diskette as a storage facility
was introduced in this generation.

CHARACTERISTICS:
1. The computers were smaller in size.
2. They were very powerful computers.
3. They had high processing speed.
4. They had high storage capacity.
Examples are Intel 4004, Intel 8085, Pentium 1, 2, 3, etc

5TH GENERATION ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

From the 1990s, the fifth generation computers entered into the computer world through the application of
fibre optics technology. This generation of computers evolved as a result of the need for computers to take
decisions in various circumstances. This generation is witnessing the influx of super microcomputers
through artificial intelligence whose main attraction over previous computers is speed and power. Expert
systems have the capacity of making decisions and judgements.
These are computers that will be able to mimic many things that so far can only be done by human beings.
For example, fifth generation computers will be able to accept spoken word instruction (voice recognition)
and assist doctors in carrying out diagnosis.

CHARACTERISTICS:
a. They have more user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
b. They are more advancement in Superconductor technology
c. They are true Artificial Intelligence
d. Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
Examples are Desktop System, Laptop, NoteBook, UltraBook, ChromeBook, Smart phones

EVALUATION
1. The fifth generation computers made use of ________________
2. The means by which a computer receives spoken word instruction is called __________
3. The 3rd generation computers were manufactured between ___ and _____
4. List two characteristics of 3rd generation computers.
5. First generation computers were manufactured between __ and _____
6. One of the problems of the first generation computers was that they generate a lot of _________
7. ________ were used for storage in the 2nd generation computers.
8. List two examples of 2nd Generation computers.
9. What is a microprocessor?
10 List two software tools developed during the 4th generation.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. We have ________ generations of computers. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
2. The characteristics of first generation computers include the following except ________________
(a) They were very bulky and heavy. (b) They measured between 50ft and 100ft long.
(c) The computers weighed up to 200 tons and occupied 3000 cubic ft.
(d) They used transistors to store and process data.
3. Fourth generation computers used ____ (a) Vacuum tubes b. Transistors c. Artificial Intelligence
d. Large scale integrated circuits
4. _______ generation computers used fibre optics. (a) First (b) Second (c) Fourth (d) Fifth
5. Second generation computers were _____ than 3rd generation of computers.
(a) Smaller (b) Faster (c) More reliable (d) Slower

Essay questions:
1. What do we mean by ‘generation of computers’?
2. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the 3rd and 4th generation computers.

_____________________________
Folarin O.F.A.
Teacher’s Signature/Date

_____________________________
HOD’s Signature/Date
 LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 19th – 23rd October, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: Six
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 80 minutes per week
Topic: CISCO GET CONNECTED
Sub Topic: Basic Computer Knowledge I
Instructional Material: Equipment, Booting & Shutting Down, Printers etc
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
a. What is a Turning on in computer?
b. List 4 types of equipment
Reference Materials: Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Education (JS 1): HiiT Plc, 2010,
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
PRESENTATIONS
st
1 Period – Revision of last session work and Introduction of new topic.
Explanation of new topic and demonstration with Instructional Materials
nd
2 Period – Writing of note and classwork
Step I: She asks questions on previous knowledge of the student on the topic.
Step II: She introduces the new topic, explain and start illustration with Instructional Material
Step III: She gives notes according to the content and monitors the students while writing.
CONTENT
1st Period
Types of Equipment
Desktop System, Laptop, NoteBook, UltraBook, ChromeBook, Tablet, Smart phones
The hardware is the physical piece, The software is the logical piece
Four components of Computer System
1. Input Component – These components are used to enter data into computer e.g. Mouse, keyboard,
Scanner, webcam, microphone
2. Output Component – They are responsible for providing the user with data from computer output
(images, sounds, videos, text etc). E.g. Monitor, Printer, Speaker
3. Processing Component – Within the processing components, data is processed and information is
generated that will be displayed on the output components. The main component is the CPU or Processor,
The CPU and other important computer components fit onto the Motherboard. Functions of the
Motherboard include performing the instructions of a computer program implementation of basic arithmetic,
logic and input and output of data
4. Storage Component – We need storage devices for information to be recorded. A computer has devices
that store information so that it is not deleted when the computer is turned off
E.g. DVD, Flash Drive, Hard Drive HD, Online/Cloud Storage - For example: Google Drive, DropBox,
SkyDrive.
Turning on the computer
Turn the computer on with the on/off button. The computer performs the POST (power on self-test), which
is nothing more than a test the computer does on itself that confirms the operation of all hardware, RAM
memory, the HD, DVD, etc. It then looks for the start-up file, and loads the operating system into RAM.
With Windows, that is when the Windows symbol appears and you are prompted to enter your username and
password in order to log in.

Log in, logon, logoff, log out

During the Logon process, the user enters their credentials to access the system. The credentials correspond
to a username and password previously configured by the system administrator. The process that is the
reverse of Logon is Logoff, where the user ends the session, and the system returns back to the Logon screen.
It is good practice to always log off after using a public computer to prevent someone else from using your
credentials. To Logoff in Windows 7, just go to the Start menu, click on the arrow next to Shut Down, and
click Log off. To learn how to logoff in another operating system, refer to its specific documentation.

Exploring the desktop

We can compare the desktop to a desk in an office; a place where we put documents that we are currently
working with. You can put documents on the computer’s desktop, along with shortcuts to programs that you
regularly use.

Turning off the computer

To turn the computer off securely, do not use the on/off button. Instead, in Windows 7, click the Start
button, and then click Shut Down. To learn how to do that in another operating system, refer to its specific
documentation.

PRINTERS

Evaluation:
Draw a smart phone, ipad or laptop
Assignment:
What is Data Processing?
_____________________________
Folarin O.F.A.
Teacher’s Signature/Date

_____________________________
HOD’s Signature/Date

LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 2nd – 6th November, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: Seven
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 30 minutes per week
TEST QUESTION

1. What was the major function of Hollerith machine

2. List two characteristics of 3rd generation computers
3. What is a microprocessor?
4. Name and describe three early counting devices

____________________________
Teacher’s Signature and Date

_________________________
HOD Signature and Date
 LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 9th – 13th November, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: Eight
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 80 minutes per week
Topic: DATA PROCESSING
Sub Topic: Definition and Data processing cycle
Instructional Material: Equipment, Booting & Shutting Down, Printers etc
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
a. What is data processing?
b. List and explain the stages involved in data processing.
Reference Materials: Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Education (JS 1): HiiT Plc, 2010,
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
PRESENTATIONS
st
1 Period – Revision of last session work and Introduction of new topic.
Explanation of new topic and demonstration with Instructional Materials
nd
2 Period – Writing of note and classwork
Step I: She asks questions on previous knowledge of the student on the topic.
Step II: She introduces the new topic, explain and start illustration with Instructional Material
Step III: She gives notes according to the content and monitors the students while writing.
CONTENT
1st Period
DATA PROCESSING
Definition of Data Processing
Data processing can be defined as a series of actions or operations that convert or manipulate data into
useful information. Regardless of the kind of data processed, or the kind of device or equipment used, all
data processing systems involve stages which are necessary to transform data into information.

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

Data processing cycle includes the following:
1. DATA GATHERING
Data gathering has to do with the sourcing, and bringing together of data required to solve a problem.
2. DATA COLLECTION
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data – for example as
part of a process improvement or similar projection. The purpose of data collection is to obtain information
to keep on record, to make decisions about important issues, to pass information on to other. Primarily, data
is collected to provide information regarding a specific topic.
This involves writing out, sorting, summarizing or classifying data into groups, structures or files.
3. INPUT STAGE:
All information is entered into the computer through an input terminal. Input devices are devices that accept
data in its original format, examples includes keyboard and mouse. Data is entered through input devices.
This is the process through which collected data is transformed into a form that computer can understand. It
is a very important step in the data processing cycle because correct output result totally depends on the
input data.
Three steps are involved when inputting data into the computer: collection, verification, and coding.
Collection refers to gathering the data from a variety of sources and assembling it.
Verification means checking the data to determine whether it is accurate and complete, and if it should be
included for processing.
Coding is translating the data into machine-readable form. Data punched into IBM cards is one example of
coding.
4. PROCESSING STAGE:
After receiving instruction from the main memory to send signal and commands, the Control Unit sends
signals and commands to various part of the computer system to prepare and accept the data. After
completing the processing step, output is generated. The main purpose of data processing is to get
information that has value.
During processing or manipulation, one or more of the following tasks may be performed on the input data.
(a) Classifying: data are organized by characteristics meaningful to the user. For example, a student may
be identified by the admission number and class.
(b) Sorting: in this step, the data may be arranged in a particular sequence to facilitate processing.
(c) Calculating: Calculations may be required to determine a patient’s account balance or a student’s
grade point average.
(d) Summarizing: This involves reducing a large document into a smaller size containing important
points.
5. STORAGE STAGE:
All computers need to store and retrieve data for processing. Storage can be grouped into two categories
primary storage and secondary storage.
Primary Storage: the primary storage, also called main memory or Immediate Access Store (IMAS), resides
in the computer. This is necessary since the processing unit can only act on data and instructions that are
held in primary storage. Primary storage consists of two types of memory chips. These are Random Access
Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM) chips.
Secondary Storage: This is needed to store data and information on a permanent basis for later use.
Examples of secondary storage devices are floppy disk, hard disk, zip drives.
6. OUTPUT STAGE:
After completing the processing step, output is generated. The result of the data processed is printed out
from the printer. Mostly, the output is stored on the storage media for later use. If the output result is
accurate, the data processing cycle is completed.
Output activities include retrieving, converting, storing, and communicating.
a. Retrieving involves pulling information from storage device for use by the decision-maker.
b. Converting means translating information from the computer form used to store it, to a form
understandable by the user (such as, a CRT display or printed report).
c. Storing involves transferring the data onto a storage medium, such as a disk or tape file for future use.
d. Communication takes place when the relevant accurate information is in the right place at the right time.
EVALUATION:
1. What is data processing?
2. List and explain the stages involved in data processing.
READING ASSIGNMENT:
Browse through the Internet for Importance of Computer.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
1. Data gathering involves ______
a. Sourcing for data b. Analyzing data c. Summarizing data d. Editing data
2. The stage at which data is manipulated is called ___________
(a) Data collection (b) Input stage (c) Processing stage (d) Output stage
3. To store data on a permanent basis is called ____________
(a) Permanent storage (b) Primary storage (c) Secondary storage (d) First storage
4. Data preparation involves the following except ____________
(a) Sorting (b) classifying (c) processing data (d) summarizing
5. _______ devices receive data in its original format. (a) Output (b) input (c) storage (d) processing

_____________________________
Folarin O.F.A.
Teacher’s Signature/Date

_____________________________
HOD’s Signature/Date
 LESSON NOTE
Name: FOLARIN OLUWABUNMI FOLAKE AYOTEMI
School: Remo Divisional High School (Jnr)
Date: 16th – 20th November, 2020
Term: 1st
Week: Nine
Class: J. S. S. ONE
Subject: Computer Science (ICT)
Age Range: 11years
Duration: 60 minutes per week
Topic: DATA PROCESSING
Sub Topic: Importance of The Computer As A Tool For Data Processing
Instructional Material: Equipment, Booting & Shutting Down, Printers etc
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
a. Explain the versatility of the computer.
b. List 5 importance of the computer as a Data Processing Tool
Reference Materials: Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Education (JS 1): HiiT Plc, 2010,
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
PRESENTATIONS
1st Period – Revision of last session work and Introduction of new topic.
Explanation of new topic and demonstration with Instructional Materials
2nd Period – Writing of note and classwork
Step I: She asks questions on previous knowledge of the student on the topic.
Step II: She introduces the new topic, explain and start illustration with Instructional Material
Step III: She gives notes according to the content and monitors the students while writing.
CONTENT
1st Period
DATA PROCESSING

IMPORTANCE OF THE COMPUTER AS A TOOL FOR DATA PROCESSING

The computer is a very unique electronic device and has certain features and characteristics that distinguish
it from other machines. These include:
1. Speed – Computers are very fast; they can perform tens of millions of operations per second. This is
necessary for predicting weather forecasts, performing scientific research and even producing thousands of
bills for utility companies.
2. Accuracy – computers are very accurate. Errors only occur if there is an error in hardware, software
or data. When errors occur it is usually because of some human error, since computers can only do what
they are programmed to do.
3. Storing large amounts of information in a small space – there are many storage media that can be
used to store large volumes of data and information. For example, a single CD-ROM disk can save the
equivalent of a shelf of books in the library.
4. Working continuously – computers can work continuously for long periods without much
maintenance.
5. Quality – The type of output produced by the computer is far better than other electronic machines.
Document is best prepared by the use of the computers.

6. Control and consistency – the computer has automatic control and can operate for a very long time
without getting exhausted. This is because a computer works under the guide of a program, and has an in-
built cooling fan, or heat sink that makes it work all day long.
7. Reliability: the computer responds to the instruction keyed into it without any alteration, as a result
of this, it gives no room for doubt over output. Therefore, the operator relies on it for effectiveness.
Example include a program computer device to ring alarm to alert workers of any emergency, a
programmed entry and exit door used in big companies and supermarkets, offices, etc.
8. Versatility: The computer is used in different fields of human endeavour ranging from business,
education, technology, engineering, law, commerce, agriculture, medicine, sports, etc. It can perform
different types of tasks provided such tasks can be stated in logical way for the computer to execute. The
computer is used to type letters, watch films, play music, etc.
9. Large Storage Capacity: vast quantities of data stored in paper files would become extremely bulky
and require substantial storage space. Furthermore, the job of manually extracting data from such files
would
become increasingly tedious and time consuming as the size of the files increases. But with the computer,
data can be stored electronically in considerable less space, and retrieve in a fraction of the time needed
by the manual method. The ability of the computer to store, retrieve and process data, all without human
intervention gives it power and advantage over that of human beings. So, while human can perform the same
function as the computer, the difference and major benefits is that the computer can reliably execute millions
of instructions in a second and stored the result in an almost unlimited memory.
10. Programmability: The computer can be programmed to do all forms of activities of man so long as
the task is reduced to a series of logical steps. Programming in computer means the act of writing computer
programs and this involves the use of special set of
characters, signs, symbols, to supply instruction to the computer for execution towards achieving specific
tasks (motives). This opportunity gave room for the computer to be a versatile system.
EVALUATION:
1. What are the different features that make the computer an excellent tool for data processing?
2. Explain the versatility of the computer.
3. Can computers make mistake? No/Yes

READING ASSIGNMENT:
Lay your hands on the Use Mavis Beacon for typing.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
1. The characteristic of the computer that makes it to carry out various activities is called ___________
(a) Versatility (b) Accuracy (c) Speed (d) Consistency
2. Computers can work continuously for a long time. (a) True (b) False (c) Sometimes (d) Always
3. Some places the computer can be used include the following except ___________
(a) Hospitals (b) Street (c) Market (d) Schools
4. The computer works under the guide of __________
(a) Human beings (b) Control unit (c) A program (d) a keyboard
5. Can computers make mistake? _______________
(a) Yes (b) No (c) Sometimes (d) Always

_____________________________
Folarin O.F.A.
Teacher’s Signature/Date

_____________________________
HOD’s Signature/Date