2 2 Quadratic Functions Graphs 1PbQozXT21JDsHK8

IB DP Maths 4 hours 37 questions
2.2 Quadratic
Functions & Graphs
2.2.1 Quadratic Functions / 2.2.2 Factorising & Completing the Square / 2.2.3
Solving Quadratics / 2.2.4 Quadratic Inequalities / 2.2.5 Discriminants
Medium (12 questions) /53 Scan here to return to the course

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Hard (14 questions) /102
Very Hard (11 questions) /81
Total Marks /236
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Medium Questions
1 (a) The curve C has equation y = x 2 − 3x + 2 .
Find the coordinates of any points where C intersects the coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
(b) Sketch the graph of C, showing clearly all points of intersection with the coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
2 (a) Write the quadratic function y = x 2 + 8x − 9 in the form y = a (x + b ) 2 + c where a, b
and c are integers to be found.
(2 marks)
(b) Write down the minimum point on the graph of y = x 2 + 8x − 9 .
(1 mark)
(c) Sketch the graph of y = x 2 + 8x − 9 , clearly labelling the minimum point and any point
where the graph intersects the coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
3 (a) Solve the equation 2x 2 + x − 6 = 0 .
(2 marks)
(b) Find the coordinates of the turning point on the graph of y = 2x 2 + x − 6 .
(3 marks)
(c) Sketch the graph of y = 2x 2 + x − 6 , labelling the turning point and any points where the
graph crosses the coordinate axes.
(2 marks)
4 (a) Find the minimum value of the function f (x ) = x 2 + 4x + 5 .
(3 marks)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that the function f (x ) = x 2 + 4x + 5 has no real roots.
(2 marks)
5 The function f (x ) = kx 2 + 2kx − 3 has two distinct real roots.
Show that k < − 3 or k > 0 .
(3 marks)
6 The equation 2x 2 − 4x + 3 − 2k = 0 has real roots.
Find the possible values of k.
(3 marks)
7 The equation y = x 2 + px + q has no real roots. Show that p 2 < 4q .
(2 marks)
x2
8 (a) The graph below shows the curve f (x ) = 4 − .
8
The curve is to be used as the model for the arch on a bridge where the water level
under the bridge is represented by the x-axis. All measurements are in meters.
Write down the maximum height of the bridge above the water.
(1 mark)
(b) Is the bridge wide enough to span a river of width 11 m?
(3 marks)
9 (a) The diagram below shows the graph of y = f (x ) , where f (x ) is a quadratic function.
The intercepts with the x-axis and the turning point have been labelled.
Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry for the graph of y = f (x ) .
(1 mark)
(b) The function f (x ) can be written in the form of f (x ) = a (x − h ) 2 + k .

Find the values of a , h and k .
(3 marks)
10 Solve the equation x 4 − 13x 2 + 36 = 0 .
(3 marks)
2 1
11 Solve x 5 5
+ x = 6.
(4 marks)
5
12 (a) Let f (x ) = 2px 2 + (2p − 5) x + p − , , for x ∈ ℝ where p ∈ ℚ .
2
Show that the discriminant of f is −4p 2 + 25 .
(3 marks)
(b) Find the values of p so that the function f(x) has two distinct roots.
(3 marks)
Hard Questions
1 (a) Consider f (x ) = − 2x 2 + bx + c , for x ∈ℝ , where b , c ∈ ℤ.
The graph of f has a local maximum at x = 6 . The distance between the two x-intercepts
of the graph of f is 10 units.
Find the coordinates of the two x-intercepts.
(2 marks)
(b) Find the value of b and the value of c.
(4 marks)
(c) Find the coordinates of the local maximum.
(2 marks)
2 For the equation 6kx 2 + 4kx + 2 = 0 , find the possible values of k, which will give
(i) two distinct real roots

(ii) two equal real roots
(iii) no real roots.
(6 marks)
3 (a) Let f ( x ) = 3x 2 − 3x + 2 . .
Find the coordinates of the vertex of f .
(3 marks)
(b) Let g (x ) = 3x + 2 . The graph of f and g intersect at points A and B.
Find the coordinates of A and B.
(3 marks)
(c) Find the exact length of the line AB.
(2 marks)
4 (a) The function f (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c intersects the y-axis at -8 and has an x-intercept at
x = − 4 . The function can be obtained by an appropriate shift of the graph y = − 2x 2 .
Find the values of a , b and c .
(3 marks)
(b) Find the other x-intercept of f(x).
(2 marks)
(c) Determine the coordinates of the maximum value of f (x ) .
(3 marks)
5 (a) A fence of length L is made to go around the perimeter of a rectangular paddock that
$ 15 per metre, while on
borders a straight river. The cost of the fence along the river is
the other three sides the cost is $ 10 per metre. The total cost of the fence is $ 2000 .
Calculate the maximum area of the paddock.
(3 marks)
(b) Using the value for the area from part (a), calculate
(i) the side lengths
(ii) the total length L of the fence.
(3 marks)
6 (a) A factory produces cardboard boxes in the shape of a cuboid, with a fixed height of 25
cm and a base of varying area. The area, A , of each base can be modelled by the
function
A(x ) = x (50 − x ) , 10 ≤ x ≤ 40,
where is the width of the base of the cardboard box in centimetres.
Cardboard box M has a width of 12 cm.
Find the volume of cardboard box M.
(2 marks)
(b) Find the possible dimensions of a cardboard box with volume of 15 400 cm3 .
(3 marks)
(c) (i) Find the value of x that makes the volume of the cardboard box a maximum.
(ii) Write down the maximum volume of the cardboard box.
(iii) State the mathematical shape of the carboard box when its volume is a maximum.
(3 marks)
7 (a) Consider f (x ) = m (x − n ) (x − 2) . The graph of y = f (x ) has axis of symmetry x = 4 and
y-intercept at (0, − 6) .
Find the value of n.
(3 marks)
(b) Find the value of m.
(3 marks)
(c) Write f (x ) n the form f (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c .
(2 marks)
8 (a) Let f (x ) = 2x 2 + 16x + 29.
Write down the coordinates of the y-intercept.
(1 mark)
(b) The function f can be written in the form f (x ) = a (x − h ) 2 + k .
(i) Find the values a, h and k.
(ii) Hence write down the coordinates of the vertex and state whether it is a maximum
or minimum point.
(5 marks)
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x ) , clearly labelling the vertex and any points where the graph
intersects coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
9 (a) Let f (x ) = − x 2 + 7x − 10.
Write down the coordinates of the y-intercept.
(1 mark)
(b) The function f can be written in the form f (x ) = a (x − p ) (x − q ) .
(i) Find the values a, p and q.
(ii) Hence write down the coordinates of the x-intercepts.
(5 marks)
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x ) , clearly labelling the vertex and any points where the graph
intersects coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
10 (a) Letf (x ) = 2x 2 − 12x + c , for x ∈ℝ , where c ∈ ℤ . The graph of f intersects the x-axis at
x = 6.
Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of f.
(2 marks)
(b) Find the coordinates of the other point where the graph of f intersects the x-axis.
(2 marks)
(c) Find the value of c.
(1 mark)
11 (a) Solve the equation 4 x = 21 − x .
(3 marks)
(b) Solve the equation 13x 2 = x 4 + 36 .
(3 marks)
12 (a) The function f is a quadratic in the form f (x ) = ax 2 + bx − 2 .
⎛⎜ 1 + 5 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ 1 − 5 ⎞⎟
The graph of f has x-intercepts ⎜⎜ , 0 ⎟⎟ and ⎜⎜ ,0 ⎟⎟ .
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
Find the values of a and b.
(4 marks)
(b) Sketch the graph of y = f (x ) , clearly labelling the vertex and any points where the graph
intersects the coordinate axes.
(4 marks)
13 (a) Let f (x ) = x 2 − 3x + 2 . The diagram below shows part of the graph of f .
Another function is defined by g (x ) = 2 − x .
Sketch the graph of g on the axes above.
(1 mark)
(b) The graph of f and g intersect at points A and B.
Find the coordinates of A and B and label them on the diagram above.
(3 marks)
(c) Find the length of the line AB.
(2 marks)
14 (a) The function f (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c intercepts the y -axis at −12 and has an x -intercept at
x = 3 . The function can be obtained by an appropriate shift of the graph y = − 4x 2 .
Find the values of a , b and c .
(4 marks)
(b) Find the other x -intercept of f (x ) .
(1 mark)
(c) Determine the coordinates of the maximum value of f (x ) .
(2 marks)
Very Hard Questions
1 (a) Consider f (x ) = x 2 + bx + c . The graph of y = f (x ) has no real roots.
Show that b 2 < 4 c and explain why c must be a positive value.
(2 marks)
(b) The minimum point on the graph of y = f (x ) is (3,2) .
Find the value of b and the value of c.
(2 marks)
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x ) , clearly labelling the minimum point and any points where
the graph intersects coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
2 Consider the function f (x ) = log

b
(6x − x 2) , for 0 < x < 6 , where b > 0 .
The equation f (x ) = 2 has exactly one solution.
Find the value of b.
(6 marks)
9
3 Let f (x ) = 2k + , for x ≠ 0 , where k is a constant. The line y = k − x does not
x
intersect the graph of y = f (x ) .
Find the possible values of k.
(6 marks)
1
4 (a) The graph of a quadratic function has equation y = x 2 + bx + c , where b , c ∈ ℤ, and
4
the axis of symmetry is x = − 4 .
Draw the axis of symmetry on the grid above.
(1 mark)
(b) The graph of the quadratic function intersects the x -axis at points A( − 6,0) and B.
(i) Write down the coordinates of B.
(ii) Find the values of b and c .
(3 marks)
(c) (i) Mark and label A and B on the grid above.
(ii) Write down the coordinates of the Vertex, V, and label it on the grid above.
(iii)
Write down the coordinates of the y -intercept, C, and label it on the grid above.
(iv) Draw the graph of the quadratic function on the grid above.
(4 marks)
5 5
5 (a) Let f (x ) = 2kx 2 − (k + 10) x + + k , , for x ∈ℝ, where k ∈ ℤ .
2 8
Show that the discriminant of f is 100 − 4k 2 . .
(3 marks)
(b) Find the values of k such that the graph of has two equal roots.
(3 marks)
f (x ) = 9 − x 2, for x ∈ℝ . The following diagram shows part of the graph of f. Let
6 (a) Let
OD = d .
Find an expression in terms of for the area of the rectangle ABCD.
(3 marks)
(b) The coordinates of A are (-2, 0).
Find the area of ABCD.
(2 marks)
(c) Let g (x ) = (x − 3) 2 + k , , for x ∈ℝ , where k is a constant.
Given that the graphs of f and g intersect exactly once, find the value of k.
(5 marks)
7 (a) A tunnel is being constructed and its opening can be modelled by the quadratic function
h (x ) = ax (b − x ) , x ≥ 0,
where h is the height of the tunnel, in metres, and x is the width of the tunnel, in
metres.
It is given that h (10) = 10 and h (20) = 15.
Find the values of a and b .
(3 marks)
(b) The height required for a lane of traffic is 5 m and each lane requires a width of 2.8 m.
Find the number of lanes of traffic the tunnel can fit.
(4 marks)
8 (a) A company sells 55 cars per month for a sale price of $2000, whilst incurring costs for
supplies, production and delivery of $890 per car. Reliable market research shows that
for each increase (or decrease) of the sale price by $50 the company will sell 5 cars less
(or more) and vice versa.
Find an expression for the total profit, P, in terms of the sale price, x .
(3 marks)
(b) Find the values of x when P(x ) = 0 and explain their significance in the context of the
question.
(2 marks)
(c) Calculate
(i) the maximum monthly profit, giving your answer to the nearest dollar.
(ii) the sale price needed to generate the maximum monthly profit.
(iii) the number of cars sold to generate the maximum monthly profit.
(3 marks)
9 (a) A company sells L litres of water per month and their total monthly profit, P , can be
modelled by the function
P (x ) = (x − 0 . 45) × N (x ) ,
where x is the sale price of each litre sold, in dollars, at and N is the linear function for
the number of litres the company can sell per month at each given sale price.
In the context of the question, explain the significance of the 0.45.
(1 mark)
(b) It is given that N (0 . 5) = 400 and N (1 . 25) = 250 .
Write down the function of N , in the form N (x ) = mx + c , where m and c are

constants.
(2 marks)
(c) Find the values of x when P(x ) = 0 and explain their significance in the context of the
question.
(2 marks)
(d) Calculate
(i) the maximum monthly profit.
(ii) the sale price needed to generate the maximum monthly profit.
(iii) the number of litres sold to generate the maximum monthly profit.
(3 marks)
10 Let f (x ) = − (x − a ) 2 + b and g (x ) = 4(x − c ) 2 + d , where a , b , c , d ∈ℝ . The vertex of

the graph of f is at (2k , 8k 2) and the vertex of the graph of g is at (k , 2k ) , where
0 < k < 1 . The graphs of f and g intersect at exactly one point. Find the value of k .
(7 marks)
11 Consider f (x ) = r (x − s ) (x + 3) . The graph of f has an axis of symmetry at x = − 1 and

y-intercept at (0, − 6) . The line y = mx − 14 is a tangent to the graph of f.
Find the possible values of m.
(8 marks)

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IB DP Maths 4 hours 37 questions

Medium (12 questions) /53 Scan here to return to the course

Very Hard (11 questions) /81

Total Marks /236

(b) Write down the minimum point on the graph of y = x 2 + 8x − 9 .

(b) Find the coordinates of the turning point on the graph of y = 2x 2 + x − 6 .

5 The function f (x ) = kx 2 + 2kx − 3 has two distinct real roots.

Show that k < − 3 or k > 0 .

6 The equation 2x 2 − 4x + 3 − 2k = 0 has real roots.

Find the possible values of k.

7 The equation y = x 2 + px + q has no real roots. Show that p 2 < 4q .

(b) Is the bridge wide enough to span a river of width 11 m?

(b) The function f (x ) can be written in the form of f (x ) = a (x − h ) 2 + k .

10 Solve the equation x 4 − 13x 2 + 36 = 0 .

Show that the discriminant of f is −4p 2 + 25 .

Find the coordinates of the two x-intercepts.

(b) Find the value of b and the value of c.

(c) Find the coordinates of the local maximum.

(i) two distinct real roots

Find the coordinates of the vertex of f .

(b) Let g (x ) = 3x + 2 . The graph of f and g intersect at points A and B.

Find the coordinates of A and B.

(c) Find the exact length of the line AB.

Find the values of a , b and c .

(b) Find the other x-intercept of f(x).

(c) Determine the coordinates of the maximum value of f (x ) .

Calculate the maximum area of the paddock.

(i) the side lengths

(ii) the total length L of the fence.

A(x ) = x (50 − x ) , 10 ≤ x ≤ 40,

where is the width of the base of the cardboard box in centimetres.

Cardboard box M has a width of 12 cm.

Find the volume of cardboard box M.

(ii) Write down the maximum volume of the cardboard box.

Find the value of n.

(b) Find the value of m.

(c) Write f (x ) n the form f (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c .

Write down the coordinates of the y-intercept.

(b) The function f can be written in the form f (x ) = a (x − h ) 2 + k .

(i) Find the values a, h and k.

Write down the coordinates of the y-intercept.

(b) The function f can be written in the form f (x ) = a (x − p ) (x − q ) .

(i) Find the values a, p and q.

(ii) Hence write down the coordinates of the x-intercepts.

Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of f.

(c) Find the value of c.

(b) Solve the equation 13x 2 = x 4 + 36 .

Find the values of a and b.

Another function is defined by g (x ) = 2 − x .

Sketch the graph of g on the axes above.

(b) The graph of f and g intersect at points A and B.

(c) Find the length of the line AB.

Find the values of a , b and c .

(b) Find the other x -intercept of f (x ) .

(c) Determine the coordinates of the maximum value of f (x ) .

Show that b 2 < 4 c and explain why c must be a positive value.

(b) The minimum point on the graph of y = f (x ) is (3,2) .

Find the value of b and the value of c.

2 Consider the function f (x ) = log