Study Guide

Hon. Chem. Acids & Bases

Study Guide – Chapter 19 – Acids & Bases
1. Definitions of Acids and Bases

a. Arrhenius Acid b. Arrhenius Base

c. Bronsted-Lowry Acid
Sel d. Bronsted-Lowry Base

holes
2. Identify at least 6 characteristic properties of acids and six of bases.
Acid Characteristics:

Base Characteristics:
Sel holes
3. What does amphoteric/amphiprotic mean? Why is water amphoteric/amphiprotic?

act as acidor base because it has

water can
Ott ich
the conjugate
4. What is meant by Bronsted-Lowry acid-base and
Ht ion pairs?

See notes
5. Write the equation and identify the conjugate acid-base pairs for the dissolving of

s NHytcaq OHcaa
a. NH3 (a weak base) in water
NH cat thou
CA CB
B TA
2
b. HSO4-1 (a weak acid) in water
HS04Cag t Hou HsOta t 504
A B CA CB

6. a. How is a weak acid or base different from a strong acid or base?

see notes about dissociation

b. How is a concentrated acid or base solution different from a dilute acid or base solution?

see notes concentrated means higher Molarity

c. How are the terms strong and weak different from the terms concentrated and dilute?

x
dissociation molarity
25
7. What is pH? What is pOH?

a. Determine the pH of a 0.0001 M HNO3 solution.

4
pH logCHtI
b. Determine the pH of a 0.001 M NaOH solution.

3O pH POH 44 pH
pott logCoHT
c. Determine the pOH of a 0.0036 M H2SO4 solution.
112504 2 1 5042 Ht
pit log 2.14 P0H
0036 2C0036 l 0036 0.0072
d. Determine the [OH-] in a 4.2 x 10 -10 pH
M KOH solution.
log
Kotte Kt 1 OH 4.211010
1
4 2 15 4.2 5 4.2 10
e. Determine the [H3O+] in a solution with a pH of 5.4.

f. Determine the [OH-] in a solution with a pH of 3.6.

14
PH Ht OH3 1 10 OH3 3.98 10
Ht to 4 COHT 4XlO w SF
36 Ht 2.51 10
Ht 10
8. Be able to use Ka, Kb and pH to solve acid-base problems.
a. Carbonic acid, H2CO3, to acid in soda pop, has a Ka of 4.4 x 10-7. If the pH of a soft drink is found to be 3.4,
what is the concentration of H2CO3, H3O+, and HCO3- at equilibrium?

HzCO t H2O It Ott ka CHzot Hadj

ag Hcg wa
a B Haw
X
x
X
x 4.4 10
7
4322
1398 10
ex's
Ee M
xIO m3_98 w
4 x 0.3602
wise 4 4.0 10
b. The pH is found to be 8.34inoxio
a solutionwife
of aniline, C6H5NH2, a weak base. Write the equation for dissolving.
Determine the value of Kb in a 0.01 M solution of aniline.

C6HSNHzta.at Ought Caa

CultsNHzcaq t Hzoce CA
B A
l 0.01M X
c X X
O Ol X
EE 1.995 10 M 1.99511106M
Kb_Cc6HsNH5Ho
cultsMHz 10
83 5.01 10
9 Kb 1 95 0632 3.98 10 26

10 Ht
WISE 4xt
9. Neutralization
a. What is meant by a neutralization reaction?

See notes
b. What are the products of an acid-base neutralization?

Acidt base water salt

c. Write the equation for the neutralization of HBr with KOH.

HBR t KOH HoH t KBR

d. Write the equation for the neutralization of Ca(OH) with H PO .
2 3 4

3 CaloHL kHzPoy 6 HoH t Caz 041

10. Titrations
a. Be able to explain the procedure for carrying out a titration.

See notes
b. At the equivalence point of a titration, (of the neutralization reaction):
moles H3O+ will be equal to moles OH-

Be able to determine moles in both liquid (Molarity x Volume) and dry/solid (grams x 1 mole/M.W.) situations.

c. Be able to explain a titration curve.

d. What volume of 3.5 M HCl will neutralize 356 mL of 4.0 M NaOH?

1 3 5 X 4 O 356 l X 4lO
e. What is the molarity of Ba(OH)2 when 400 mL of it will neutralize 650 mL of 2.4 M HNO3?

l 24 650 MB 400 z MB 2M
f. What volume of 2 M HCl will neutralize 4.0 g of NaOH?
NaOH X O
1 2 x 4 OgNaoHqo NaOH
g
g. Determine the molecular weight of a monoprotic dry acid if 0.256 g will neutralize 40.2 mL of 0.024 M
NaOH.

O 2569K 0.024 0.0402 l X 270gl

i
h. Explain how the pH of the solution in the flask changes if a base is added to the acid in the flask.

pH is low in the flask then rises as

i. base
Explain how
is added
the pH of the solution in the flask changes if an acid is added to the base in the flask.

is hi h in the flask then decreases as

pH
j.
acid is added
When 25 mL of 0.30 M HCl is combined with 15 mL of 0.20 M Al(OH) , determine if the resulting solution is
3
acidic, basic or neutral and calculate the pH.
0.0075moleacid M MEI 0.0375cg
Ac O 30 l 0.025
excess base 00 27
moles
0.20 3 0.015 0.009motbase M
base Vol 0.040L
25 15me
 OH3 0.0375 Ht OH3 1 1014
Answers HTT 2.67 10
13
pH togCH'T
pH Calculations
+ - -12
Excess Acid or Base
pH l2
1. [H ]=0.005M [OH ]= 2x10 M 1. pH=1.4
+ - -14
2. [H ]=0.8M [OH ]= 1x10 M 2. pH=1.4
+ -12 -
3. [H ]=1x10 M [OH ]= 0.01M 3. pOH=0.5
+ - -14
4. [H ]=.12M [OH ]= 8.3x10 M 4. pH=13.2
+ -12 -
5. [H ]=3x10 M [OH ]= 0.003M 5. pH=12.8
6. [OH-] = 0.0050 M, pH = 11.70 6. pH=7.0
+ -9 - -5
7. [H ]=1x10 M [OH ]= 1x10 M
+ - -12 Study Guide
8. [H ]=0.003M [OH ]= 3x10 M
7. a. pH=4.0
9. pH = 10.398, pOH = 3.602
b. pH=11.0
+ -10 - -4
10. [H ]=1x10 M [OH ]= 1x10 M
c. pOH=11.56
11. pOH= 3.0 - -10
d. [OH ]=4.2x10 M
12. pH=5.54 + -6
e. [H ]=4x10
13. pOH=2.00 -11
f.4x10
Ka, Kb, and pH
-5 8. a. [H2CO3]= 0.4M
1. 1.8x10
- -4
[HCO3 ]= 4x10 M
2. 0.0089M + -4
[H ]= 4x10 M
-10
3. 4.0x10 -10
b. 4x10
4. 0.0030M pH=11.48
9. See your notes or ask
-4 -4
5. 1.7x10 or 1.8x10 10. d. 0.41L
6. 0.46M e. 2.0M
-5
7. 1.5x10 f. 0.05L
-4
8. 1.4x10 g. ~255g/mol
-6
9. 3.0x10 j. 12.57, basic

10. 4.27
Neutralization
1. 0.14 L or 140mL
2. 1.1M
3. 750mL~800mL
4. 3.7M
5. 180mL
6. 2.5M
7. 16,800L ~17,000L
8. 101.6 grams
9. 11M
10. 370mL
11. 9 L
12. 2.6M

28