DIVISION OF NAVOTAS CITY

4
10
TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
(COMPUTER SYSTEM
SERVICING)
QUARTER 4

S.Y. 2021-2022
NAVOTAS CITY PHILIPPINES
Technology and Livelihood Education (ICT-Computer System Servicing) – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ericelle Bianca A. Baltazar
Editors: Eduardo T. Gallego
Reviewers: Grace R. Nieves
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Ericelle Bianca A. Baltazar
Management Team: Alejandro G. Ibañez, OIC- Schools Division Superintendent
Isabelle S. Sibayan, OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Loida O. Balasa, Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Grace R. Nieves, EPS In Charge of LRMS/EPP-TLE-TVL
Lorena J. Mutas, ADM Coordinator
Vergel Junior C. Eusebio, PDO II LRMS

Inilimbag sa Pilipinas ng ________________________

Department of Education – Navotas City

Office Address: BES Compound M. Naval St. Sipac-Almacen Navotas City
____________________________________________
Telefax: 02-8332-77-64
____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Navotas.city@deped.gov.ph
 Table of Contents
What I Know ................................................................................1

Module 1......................................................................................3

Module 2......................................................................................14

Module 3......................................................................................26

Module 4......................................................................................36

Assessment ..................................................................................43

Answer Key ..................................................................................45

References ...................................................................................46
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It mostly operates on private IP addresses and does not involve heavy routing.
A. LAN
B. WAN
C. MAN
D. PAN

2. A device in your computer (or printers, gaming consoles, and other networking
equipment) that connects your computer to your network.
A. Wired or wireless adapter
B. Ethernet cabling
C. Wireless router
D. DSL modem

3. The following are the uses of computer network EXCEPT for

A. sharing of infected files
B. Allowing network users to easily access information.
C. Communicating using email, video, instant messaging etc.
D. Sharing of devices such as printers, scanners, and photocopiers

4. It has connectivity range up to 10 meters and this may include wireless

computer keyboard and mouse, blue tooth enabled headphones, wireless printers,
and TV remotes.
A. LAN
B. WAN
C. PAN
D. MAN

5. The following are some of the materials use in computer network installation
EXCEPT for
A. RJ 45
B. OS Software
C. LAN tester
D. UTP Cat 5 cable

6. It is a special computer that users on the network can access to carry out a
particular job
A. Modem
B. Server
C. Router
D. Scanner

1
7. What is the acronym of UTP?
A. Untwisted Thick Net Pair
B. Unknown Twisted Pair
C. Unshielded Twisted Pair
D. Unshielded Twisted Pack

8. What do you call the tool used for testing ethernet cables for faults or missing
pair connections?
A. Webcam
B. Video cam
C. WAN tester
D. LAN tester
9. The following are some examples of common network cables EXCEPT for
A. Twisted pair
B. Fiber optic
C. Glass optic
D. Coaxial
10. A cable that has a thicker core than single-mode cable. It is easier to make,
can use simpler light sources such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and works well
over distances. of a few kilometers or less.
A. Ethernet cable
B. Multimode
C. Single mode
D. Cignal cable

2
 MODULE 1

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of computer networking. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module mainly focuses on one lesson:

1.1 Plan cable routes in accordance with network design and actual
installation site.
1.2 Determine cable routes in accordance with network design and actual
installation site.

TLE_IACSS9- 12SUCN-IVa-j-33

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define computer network.
2. Enumerate the uses of computer networks.
3. Distinguish the types of networks.
4. Enumerate the networking hardware components.

Lesson
Computer Network
1
The module aims to introduce students to fundamental concepts in Computer
Networking and Applications, building to an understanding of the structure and
function of the Internet, and the construction of networks in general.

3
Computer Network

A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common

communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing
resources located on or provided by the network nodes. It serves as the basis of
communication in information technology. It is used too in a huge variety of ways
and can include many different types of networks.

What does Computer Network do?

Computer networks are used to carry out large number of tasks through sharing of
information. These tasks include the following:

1. Communicating using email, video, instant messaging etc.

2. Sharing of devices such as printers, scanners, and photocopiers
3. Sharing of files
4. Sharing of software and operating programs on remote systems
5. Allowing network users to easily access information.

Types of Computer Networks

1. Personal Area Network

• smallest network which is very personal to a user.
• may include Bluetooth enabled devices or infra-red enabled devices.
• has connectivity range up to 10 meters and this may include wireless
computer keyboard and mouse, Bluetooth enabled headphones, wireless
printers, and TV remotes.

4
2. Local Area Network

• computer network spanned inside a building and operated under single

administrative system.
• covers an organization offices, schools, colleges, or universities.
• number of systems connected in LAN may vary from as least as two to as
much as 16 million.
• provides a useful way of sharing the resources between end users like
printers, file servers, scanners, and internet connectivity.
• composed of inexpensive networking and routing equipment and may
contain local servers serving file storage and other locally shared
applications.
• mostly operates on private IP addresses and does not involve heavy routing.
• works under its own local domain and controlled centrally.
• uses either ethernet or token-ring technology. Ethernet is most widely
employed LAN technology and uses star topology while token-ring is rarely
seen.
• can be wired, wireless, or in both forms at once.

3. Metropolitan Area Network

• generally, expands throughout a city such as cable TV network.

• can be in the form of ethernet, token-ring, ATM, or fiber distributed data
interface (FDDI). Metro Ethernet is a service which is provided by ISPs. This
service enables its users to expand their Local Area Networks. For example,
MAN can help an organization to connect all its offices in a city.

5
 • high-capacity and high-speed fiber optics are considered the backbone of
MAN
• works in between LAN and WAN - MAN
• provides uplink for LANs to WANs or internet.

4. Wide Area Network

• covers a wide area which may span across provinces and even a whole
country.
Generally, telecommunication networks are Wide Area Network.
• provide connectivity to MANs and LANs. Since they are equipped with very
high-speed backbone, this type of network uses very expensive network
equipment.

6
Networking Hardware Requirements

Although setting up a home network is not necessarily an expensive or difficult

project, you just need to have few basic pieces of hardware to connect your
computers, printers, gaming consoles, and assorted gadgets to each other — and to
the Internet.

Need Purpose
A DSL or cable modem connects your computer to a high-speed
DSL or Cable DSL or cable Internet connection. Although dial-up modems are
Modem still available for slower dial-up Internet connections, the
connection speeds are far too slow for a home network.

A wired or wireless router connects your DSL or cable modem to

Wired or your home network. Many DSL/cable modems now have built-in
wireless router routers that allow you to connect your network directly to your
Internet connection.
Wired or A wired or wireless network adapter is the device in your
wireless computer (or printers, gaming consoles, and other networking
network equipment) that connects your computer to your network.
adapters
Ethernet cabling is used to connect your wired network adapters
Ethernet to a router or network switch. Even if you are using a wireless
cabling router, you will need at least one Ethernet cable to connect your
wireless router to your DSL or cable modem.

In a network, computers and other devices are connected to share resources.

Network connections vary in many ways depending on the setup the user would want
to, availability of the network devices and the location or map area of links. One may
either use wireless throughput or wired throughput. The next lesson will guide you
on how to setup these connections.

Router Basics

Your router is the glue that holds your home network together. It connects all
your computers to one another, either through Ethernet cables or a wireless
connection. A router is different than a modem: your modem connects you to the
internet, while your router connects your computers to one another. When you hook
up your router to the modem, however, you are then able to share that internet
connection with all of the computers on your network. Sometimes modems come
with built-in routers. Devices that connect to your router—that is, the computers,
tablets, smartphones, DVRs, game systems, and so on—are called clients. Each
client on the network is given an IP address, which helps your router direct traffic.
Clients within the network get a local IP address, while your modem gets a global IP

7
address. Global IP addresses are like street addresses, while local IP addresses are
like apartment numbers: one lets you find the building in relation to the rest of the
world, while the other lets you find the specific location within the complex. These
addresses make sure the right information from the outside world gets to the right
computer on your network. Routers have a number of different features, so we'll go
through some of the most common router specs and how they affect your home
network. Most people have a mix of wired and wireless devices on their network, so
most of the discussion will focused on wireless routers. Since wireless routers allow
for both wired and wireless connections, you can wire up when necessary, and
connect over Wi-Fi everywhere else.

Wireless Throughput

Throughput is the speed at which a router can transfer data. The transfer
speed of your wireless connection is dependent on the wireless standard it uses. The
most common standards today are 802.11g and 802.11n (also known as "wireless
G" and "wireless N", respectively). Wireless N is faster than wireless G, though routers
that support wireless N are also more expensive. Most new devices—like
smartphones and laptops—support the faster wireless N. Wired Throughput The
wired half of your router will come in one of two speeds: 10/100 Mbps and
10/100/1000 Mbps (also known as "gigabit"). 10/100 routers are cheaper but will
not transfer data between computers as quickly as gigabit routers will. If you are only
using your router to connect to the internet, 10/100 is fine, since your internet
connection is probably slower than 100Mbps, meaning you will not be able to take
advantage of the router's full speed. If you are transferring data between computers,
however, you may want to go with a gigabit router, since it will transfer that data
much faster than a 10/100 model.

8
Range

Wireless routers can only reach a limited area of distance. If you have a big
house and have the router on one side, you might not be able to access the network
from the other side of the house. Your range, like your speed, is determined by the
wireless standard you use. Wireless N has a longer range than wireless G, so if range
is important you will want to use wireless N. That said, there are many other ways
to connect to your network from afar. Wireless extenders (also called wireless
repeaters) are products you can buy that do exactly what the manuals say to extend
your network further. Alternatively, you can buy a powerline adapter, which lets you
use your home's electrical wiring to hook a distant device up to your router with an
Ethernet cable (and thus get a faster connection than wireless would allow for).

Number of Ports

Routers have two types of ports in the back: LAN ports and WAN ports. Your
WAN port hooks up to your modem (which, again, is what connects to the internet),
while the LAN ports hook up to your computers and other clients. Most routers have
one WAN port, but you will need as many LAN ports as the wired devices you have.
If you have more wired devices than can fit on a router, you can plug them all in
using a wired switch. A switch is like a power strip for your router: it lets you plug
in more devices than the router originally allowed.

Wireless Security

Unless you do not mind strangers eating your bandwidth and potentially
accessing your networked files, you should always protect your wireless network
with a password. WPA2 is currently the most secure type of wireless encryption, so
make sure you use WPA2 if you can. Some old wireless devices do not support
WPA, in which case you will have to use the less secure WEP instead. Basically,
every device made in the last four years supports WPA2 encryption.

Sample Network Components Specifications

Item Minimum Requirements Recommended

Cable Cat-5 UTP Cat-5 UTP
network adapters Ethernet 100Base-TX Ethernet 1000Base-T
Hub/Switch 100 Megabit Hub 1.0 Gigabit Switch
Power Surge Protector Surge Protector & UPS

9
 Notes to the Teacher
For the following activities you may inform
your students to write the answers on
their notebook

Directions: Differentiate the following:

1. Global IP address and Local IP address

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

2. WAN Port and LAN Port

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. Wireless N and Wireless G

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

4. Router and a Modem

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

10
Activity 2
Directions: What type of network is being shown on the following illustrations? Write
your answer in your answer sheet.

1.

________________________

2.

________________________

3.

_______________________

4.

_______________________

11
Activity 3
Directions: Read and understand the statements carefully and choose only the letter
of the correct answer, then write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which among the types of computer network cover a wide area which may span
across provinces and even a whole country?
A. LAN B. WAN C. CAN D. MAN

2. It is used to connect your wired network adapters to a router or network switch.

A. Wired or wireless adapter C. Wireless router
B. Ethernet cabling D. DSL modem

3. A device in your computer (or printers, gaming consoles, and other networking
equipment) that connects your computer to your network.
A. Wired or wireless adapter C. Wireless router
B. Ethernet cabling D. DSL modem

4. Which of the following does not include in the group?

A. LAN B. WAN C. CAN D. MAN

5. The following are the uses of computer network EXCEPT for

A. sharing of infected files
B. Allowing network users to easily access information.
C. Communicating using email, video, instant messaging etc.
D. Sharing of devices such as printers, scanners, and photocopiers.

6. It mostly operates on private IP addresses and does not involve heavy routing.
A. LAN B. WAN C. MAN D. PAN

7. It is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols

over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or
provided by the network nodes.
A. Computer network C. Computer cable
B. Computer internet D. Computer connection

8. Modem: Internet - Router: _______________

A. Printer B. Computer C. Network D. Server

9. It is also called as wireless extenders

A. Wireless repeaters C. Wireless phone
B. Wireless adapter D. Wireless modem

10. It has connectivity range up to 10 meters and this may include wireless
computer keyboard and mouse, blue tooth enabled headphones, wireless printers,
and TV remotes.
A. LAN B. WAN C. PAN D. MAN

12
Directions: Fill in the diagram with the needed information.

A. Types of Network

Types of Network

B. Network Requirements

Network
Requirements

13
 MODULE 2

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of computer networking. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module mainly focuses on one lesson:

LO 1: Install network cables.
1.3 Identify necessary network materials in accordance with established
procedures and check against system requirements.
1.4 Obtain necessary network materials in accordance with established
procedures and check against system requirements.
TLE_IACSS9- 12SUCN-IVa-j-33

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the various networking tools, equipment and materials and their
functions.

Lesson Network Tools, Equipment and

2 Materials

Network Tools, Equipment and Materials

Tools and equipment are handheld devices that aid in accomplishing tasks.
As a learner you are expected to be familiar in identifying and selecting tools and

14
 equipment according to the task requirements and increase awareness in
addressing tool and equipment safety concerns.

The following are the set of tools, equipment and materials in building computer
networks.

Equipment and
Tools Materials
accessories
Desordering tool 24 port-hub Software Application Network
Motherboard’s manual
Allen wrench LAN Card
Installer
Device
Modem Sound Device Driver installer
drivers/installers
LAN Tester Patch panel UTP Cat 5 cable
Multi tester PC Video cam RJ 45
Long Nose pliers Router OS Software
Crimping tools Server
Anti-static wrist
UPS
strap
Soldering iron
USB external CD writer
(30watts)
Wire Stripper USB flash drive
screwdrivers (flat
USB printer
head and Phillips)
USB scanner
Webcam

Allen wrench- also known as hex key or Allen key and is used to drive bolts and screws
with hexagonal sockets in their heads.

15
 Anti-static wrist strap – usually worn on your wrist to prevent the occurrence of ESD.

Crimping tool – used to make cold weld joints between wires and a connector through
deforming one or both to hold the other.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UTP_Crimping_Tool_1.jpg

LAN Tester - used for testing ethernet cables for faults or missing pair connections.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Network_cable_
tester.jpg#/media/File:Network_cable_tester.jpg

16
Device driver - program that lets the operating system communicate with
specific computer hardware. Computer parts need a driver because they do not use
standard commands.

Long Nose pliers – or needle nose plier is characterized by long, tapering jaws of
equal long, tapering jaws of equal length and used for gripping or holding small
objects.

Multitester – also known as multimeter or VOM (voltmeter-ohmmeter-

milliammeter) is used to measure voltage, amps and resistance across circuits. By
attaching two leads to different parts of an electrical system, learners can use
multimeter to detect voltage and resistance levels, or changes in electrical currents.

Analog type Digital type

17
Screwdrivers

Flathead screwdriver - also known as flat blade screwdriver is used in installing

and removing negative head screws.

Phillips’s screwdriver - use in installing and removing positive head screws.

Soldering iron (30watts) - used for applying heat to melt solder wires in attaching
two metal parts especially in PCB.

Wire Stripper – used to remove the insulated cover of the wire without cutting the
latter.

18
LAN card – network interface card; a computer circuit board or card that is
installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/pcie-lan-card-1-giga-9705036473.html

Modem- (modulator – demodulator) is a device that allows a given computer to

share data or otherwise a device which let computers exchange information.

https://laprepair.com/product/wifi-adsl-router-modem/

Patch panel – also known as patch bay, patch field or jack field, is a device
featuring several jacks usually of similar type which is use in connecting and
routing circuits as well as in monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a
flexible manner.

https://www.wifi-stock.com/details/extralink-48-core-24-sc-duplex-fiber-optic-patch-panel-blackduplex-
holesel-fo-pp-4824d-wt.html

19
Port hub – also known as port is a connector on the back of a computer or other
device. A port can be either serial or parallel port.

https://ph.rs-online.com/web/p/usb-hubs/1238108

Printer – computer hardware output device that produces a paper copy (also
known as “hardcopy”) of the information generated by the computer.

Router – networking device that forwards data packets between computer

networks.

https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-router-2618162

Scanner – a computer hardware input device that read text or illustration printed
on paper and translates the information into a form that a computer can use.

http://hardwaretexpert.blogspot.com/2011/02/troubleshoot-computer-scanner.html

20
Server – it is a part of a network; specifically, it is a special computer that users on
the network can access to carry out a particular job.

USB – stands for universal serial bus is a hardware interface for low-speed
peripherals such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer, and telephony
devices.

https://www.daraz.pk/products/bootable-windows-7-in-16gb-usb-flash-drive-i188720263.html

UTP – or unshielded twisted pair, is a popular type of cable used in computer

networking consisting of two shielded wires twisted around.

https://thefiberoptics.com/utp-cable/

21
Webcam – feeds or streams an image or video in real time to or through a computer
to a computer network such as internet.

https://www.theverge.com/22652783/best-webcam-camera

Network OS – or network operating system is an operating system that manages

network resources. This OS has special function for connecting computers and
devices into LAN.

https://digitalthinkerhelp.com/network-operating-system-nos-tutorial-examples-and-types/

RJ 45 – stands for registered jack, a standardized physical network interface

commonly used in connecting computers into ethernet based local area networks
or LAN.

22
Desoldering tool – is used to unsolder unwanted parts or component in the circuit
with the support of soldering pencil.

Notes to the Teacher

For the following activities you may inform
your students to write the answers on
their notebook

Activity 1A

Directions: Look for the equipment and accessories use in setting up computer
networks. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

23
Activity 1B

Directions: Look for the tools use in setting up computer networks. Write your
answer in your answer sheet.

24
Directions: Answer what is being asked on the puzzle using the clues at the right side of
the
latter. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

25
 MODULE 3

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of computer networking. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module mainly focuses on one lesson:

LO 1: Install network cables.

1.5 Check tools, equipment, and testing devices in accordance with established
procedures

TLE_IACSS9- 12SUCN-IVa-j-33

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify common network cables and its various types.
2. Enumerate the materials and tools used in making ethernet cables.
3. Enumerate ethernet cable fabrication procedures.

Lesson
INSTALL NETWORK CABLES
3

Computer Network

A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common

communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing
resources located on or provided by the network nodes. It serves as the basis of
communication in information technology.

26
Common Network Cables

Until recently, cables were the only medium used to connect devices on networks. A
wide variety of networking cables are available. Coaxial and twisted-pair cables use
copper to transmit data. Fiber-optic cables use glass or plastic to transmit data.
These cables differ in bandwidth, size, and cost. You need to know what type of cable
to use based on the job requirements. You also need to be able to troubleshoot and
repair problems along the way

Twisted Pair

Twisted pair is a type of copper cabling that is used for telephone communications
and most Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that transmits data. The
pair is twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by
adjacent pairs of wires in the cable. Pairs of copper wires are encased in color-coded
plastic insulation and are twisted together. An outer jacket protects the bundles of
twisted pairs.

When electricity flows through a copper wire, a magnetic field is created around the
wire. A circuit has two wires, and in a circuit, the two wires have oppositely charged
magnetic fields. When the two wires of the circuit are next to each other, the magnetic
fields cancel each other out. This is called the cancellation effect. Without the
cancellation effect, your network communications become slow because of the
interference caused by the magnetic fields.

27
Two basic types of twisted-pair cables

1. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the cable that has two or four pairs of wires.
This type of cable relies solely on the cancellation effect produced by the
twisted-wire pairs that limits signal degradation caused by electromagnetic
interface (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). UTP is the most used
cabling in networks. UTP cables have a range of 328 feet (100 m).

2. With shielded twisted pair (STP), each pair of wire is wrapped in metallic foil
to better shield the wires from noise. Four pairs of wires are then wrapped in
an overall metallic braid or foil. STP reduces electrical noise from within the
cable. It also reduces EMI and RFI from outside the cable. Although STP
prevents interference better than UTP, STP is more expensive because of the
extra shielding. It is also more difficult to install because of the thickness. In
addition, the metallic shielding must be grounded at both ends. If it is
improperly grounded, the shield acts like an antenna, picking up unwanted
signals.

Category Rating UTP comes in several categories that are based on two factors:

• The number of wires in the cable

• The number of twists in those wires

1. Category 3 is the wiring used for telephone systems and Ethernet LAN at 10
Megabyte per second (Mbps).
2. Category 3 has four pairs of wires.
3. Category 5 and Category 5e have four pairs of wires with a transmission rate
of 100.
mbps.
4. Category 5 and Category 5e is the most common network cables used.
5. Category 5e has more twists per foot than Category 5 wiring. These extra
twists further prevent interference from outside sources and from the other
wires within the cable.
Some Category 6 cables use a plastic divider to separate the pairs of wires, which
prevents interference. The pairs also have more twists than Category 5e cable.

28
Coaxial Cable

It is a copper-cored cable surrounded by a heavy shielding and is used to connect

the computers to the rest of the network.

Coaxial cable uses “British Naval Connectors (BNC)” or “Bayonet

NeillConcelman” connectors at the end of the cables to make the connection.
Several types of coaxial cable exist:
• Thick net (10BASE5) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10 Mbps,
with a maximum length of 500 meters.
• Thinnet (10BASE2) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10 Mbps,
with a maximum length of 185 meters.
• RG-59 is most used for cable television in the U.S.
• RG-6 is higher-quality cable than RG-59, with more bandwidth and less
susceptibility to interference.

Fiber-Optic Cable

An optical fiber is a glass or plastic conductor that transmits information using

light. Fiber optic cable has one or more optical fibers enclosed in a sheath or jacket.
Because it is made of glass, fiber-optic cable is not affected by EMI or RFI. All
signals are converted to light pulses to enter the cable and are converted back into
electrical signals when they leave it. This means that fiber-optic cable can deliver
signals that are clearer, and can go farther, without compromising the clarity of
signals.

29
Fiber-optic cable can reach distances of several miles or kilometers before the signal
needs to be regenerated. Fiber-optic cable usually is more expensive to use than
copper cable, and the connectors are more costly and harder to assemble. Common
connectors for fiber-optic networks are SC, ST, and LC. These three types of fiber-
optic connectors are half-duplex, which allows data to flow in only one direction.
Therefore, two cables are needed.

Two types of glass fiber-optic cable

• Multimode is the cable that has a thicker core than single-mode cable. It is easier
to make, can use simpler light sources such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and
works well over distances of a few kilometers or less.
• Single mode is the cable that has a very thin core. It is harder to make, uses lasers
as a light source, and can transmit signals dozens of kilometers with ease.

Creating Ethernet Cable

Ethernet cabling has been the standard in networking installation for years. It is the
fastest way of connecting PC to a peer or to your router or a central switch. This
section of the module will bring you back to the procedures in creating an Ethernet
cable specifically straight-through and cross-over. Try to recall the procedures as
you go on with the lesson.

Fabricating an Ethernet Cross-over and Straight-through Cable

In an Ethernet networking environment – like in a home or an office with multiple

PCs that are wired – the computers need to be connected to a central router to allow
data transfer. The router takes all the bits being sent out by the computers and relays
them onto the other devices on the network.
The straight-through Ethernet cable is used in local area network to connect
a PC to a network hub and router. This is the standard cable used for almost all
purposes.

30
 A cross-over cable, on the other hand, can be used to connect two network
devices directly, without the need for a router in the middle. It simply reverses some
of the pins so that the output on one computer is being sent to the input of another.
Bear in mind that safety precautions must always be applied and observed
during the fabrication of the said cables. Also, materials and tools to be used must
always be complete and functional to save time, money, and effort.
The following items are the materials and tools used for making Ethernet
cables:
A. Ethernet Cable Category 5e or Cat5e- standard wire for cabling
B. RJ45 crimp able connectors for Cat5e
C. RJ45 Crimping tool
D. Wire cutter, stripper, or pliers
E. Ethernet cable tester.

Cable Fabrication Procedures

The pictures below will serve as your guide in making the two important Ethernet
cables.

1. Cut into the plastic sheath 1 inch from the end of the cut cable. The
crimping tool has a razor blade that will do the trick with practice.

31
2. Unwind and pair the similar colors.

3. Pinch the wires between your fingers and straighten them out as shown. The
color order is important to do this correctly.

4. Use wire cutter to make a straight cut across the wires 1/2 inch from the cut
sleeve to the end of the wires.

5. Push the wires into the connector. Each wire fits into a slot in the RJ45
connector. Note the position of the blue plastic shielding. Also note how the
wires go all the way to the end.

6. Take view from the top. Make sure the wires are all the way in. There should
be no short wires.

32
7. Crimping the Cable – carefully place the connector into the Ethernet Crimper
and cinch down on the handles tightly. The copper splicing tabs on the
connector will pierce into each of the eight wires. There is also a locking tab
that holds the blue plastic sleeve in place for a tight compression fit. When
you remove the cable from the crimper, that end is ready to use.

8. For a standard "Straight-Through" cable, repeat all steps and wire color
order on the other end of cable. For a cross-over cable - the other end will
have a different color order

9. Make sure to test the cables before installing them. An inexpensive Ethernet
cable tester does this quite well.

Notes to the Teacher

For the following activities you may inform
your students to write the answers on
their notebook

33
Activity 1

Enumerate the materials in making ethernet cable.

1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
5. __________________________

Activity 2

Differentiate straight through to cross over ethernet cable.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Activity 3

Directions: Given below are the procedures concerning the steps in making ethernet
cable but were arranged in no order. Arrange them chronologically by writing 1 on
the first step, 2 on the second and so on. Write the answer on your answer sheet.

_____ Take view from the top. Make sure the wires are all the way in. There should
be no short wires.

_____ Unwind and pair the similar colors.

______ Take view from the top. Make sure the wires are all the way in. There should
be no short wires.

_____ For a standard "Straight-Through" cable, repeat all steps and wire color order
on the other end of cable. For a cross-over cable - the other end will have a different
color order.

_____Use wire cutter to make a straight cut across the wires 1/2 inch from the cut
sleeve to the end of the wires.

_____Make sure to test the cables before installing them. An inexpensive Ethernet
cables.

_____Push the wires into the connector. Each wire fits into a slot in the RJ45
connector. Note the position of the blue plastic shielding. Also note how the wires
go all the way to the end.

34
_____Crimping the cable.

_____Cut into the plastic sheath 1 inch from the end of the cut cable. The crimping
tool has a razor blade that will do the trick with practice.

_____Pinch the wires between your fingers and straighten them out as shown. The
color order is important to do this correctly.

Directions: Fill in the diagram with the needed information.

35
 MODULE 4

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of computer networking. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module mainly focuses on one lesson:

LO 1: Install network cables
TLE_IACSS9- 12SUCN-IVa-j-33

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Use appropriate PPE

2. Follow OHS policies

Lesson
USE APPROPRIATE PPE
4

Safety Precautions

An Information and Communication technology (ICT) student should know

how to behave when working in the computer laboratory, and to accomplish task
safely. Safety practices should be learned early and always adheres in working with
any electrical and electronic device, including personal computers and its
peripherals. This is for your protection as well as to the people working with you, and
for the devices that you are using.

36
Personal Protective Equipment

These are protective clothing like goggles, mask, gloves, coveralls, anti-static
wrist strap, safety shoes and the like which are designed to protect the one who uses
it from injury like electrical, chemical, heat and infection hazards, specifically for
occupational health and safety purposes.

It is thus, important that teachers and students be required to use these PPE
during their laboratory periods to protect themselves while working.

Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to prevent

illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.
Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and
technology industries. You must identify the hazards where you are working and
decide how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it
presents.

Occupational Health and Safety Standards

Each student has a responsibility to their classmates and their organization to

report and act upon any potential workplace hazard. Students need to be aware of
the type of hazards that are possibly present in their work environment.

1. Identify the hazard.

2. Clear the area close to the hazard.
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people
from harm.
4. If the hazard can be easily and safely cleared, then do so.
5. If not, report the hazard to the appropriate person (such as teacher in
charge, principal etc.) to obtain assistance.
6. After clearing the hazard, fill out the correct documentation to assist in
identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of hazards

All hazards must be reported using an Accidental Report form. This enables
us to track the kinds of hazards we have in our workplace, and take action, when
necessary, to make it safer for all student and clients.

Accident Reports

Forms are used to give specific details with regards to accidents that happened in
the laboratory during experiments. Accident reports contain the following details:
➢ Name of the person injured.
➢ Date and time of the accident
➢ Type of injury
➢ First aid given.
➢ Action taken to prevent further accidents.

37
Accident Report Sample Form

Form No. Date:

Accident Report Form
Room No.:
Name: Grade and Section:
Type of Injury Cause of Injury Remedy

Safety Precautions Related to Networks

Installing network cables, whether copper or fiber-optic, can be dangerous.

Often, cables must be pulled through ceilings and walls where there are obstacles or
toxic materials. You should wear clothing such as long pants, a long-sleeved shirt,
sturdy shoes that cover your feet, and gloves to protect you from those toxic
materials. Most importantly, wear safety glasses. If possible, ask building
management, or someone responsible for the building, if there are any dangerous
materials or obstacles that you need to be aware of before entering the ceiling area.

Safety precautions when using a ladder:

➢ Read the labels on the ladder and follow any safety instructions written on
it.
➢ Never stand on the top rung of the ladder. You could easily lose your balance
and fall.
➢ Make sure that people in the area know you will be working there.
➢ Cordon off the area with caution tape or safety cones.
➢ When you are using a ladder that leans up against a wall, follow the
instructions written on the ladder, and have someone hold the ladder to help
keep it steady.

Safety rules when working with cables.

The tools required to install copper and fiber-optic cable may cause danger
through improper use. When working with cables, strictly follow these safety rules:

➢ Make sure that the tools you are using are in good working condition.
➢ Watch what you are doing and take your time. Make sure that you do not
cut yourself or place anyone in danger.

38
 ➢ Always wear safety glasses when cutting, stripping, or splicing cables of any
kind. Tiny fragments can injure your eyes.
➢ Wear gloves whenever possible and dispose any waste properly.

Use common sense when installing cables and fixing network problems. Call for
assistance for tasks that you cannot do on your own.

Fiber-Optic Safety

Fiber-optic cables are useful for communications, but they have certain hazards:
➢ Dangerous chemicals
➢ Tools with sharp edges
➢ Light which you cannot see that can burn your eyes.
➢ Glass shards produced by cutting fiber-optic cable that can cause bodily
harm.

Specific types of tools and chemicals are used when working with fiber-optic cable.
These materials must be handled with care.

Chemicals

The solvents and glues used with fiber optics are dangerous. You should
handle them with extreme care. Read the instructions on the label and follow them
carefully. Also, read the material safety data sheet (MSDS) that accompanies the
chemicals to know how to treat someone in case of emergency.

Tools

When working with any tool, safety should always be your priority. Any
compromise in safety could result in serious injury or even death. The tools used for
working with fiber optics have sharp cutting surfaces that are used to scribe glass.
Other tools pinch cables with high pressure to fasten connectors to them. These tools
can produce shards of glass that can splinter and fly into the air. You must avoid
getting them on your skin and in your mouth or eyes.

Glass Shards

The process of cutting and trimming the strands of fiber-optic cables can
produce tiny fragments of glass or plastic that can penetrate your eyes or skin and
cause severe irritation. The fibers can be extremely difficult to see on your skin
because they are clear and small. When you work with fiber-optic cabling, the
working surface should be a dark mat so that you can see the tiny glass or plastic
fragments. The mat should also be resistant to chemical spills.

You should keep the work area clean and neat. Never pick up fiber-optic
fragments with your fingers. Use tape to pick up small fragments and dispose them

39
off properly. Use a disposable container, such as a plastic bottle with a screw-on
lid, to store fiber fragments. Close the lid tightly before disposing the container.

Harmful Light

Protect your eyes from the harmful light that may be in the fiber-optic strands.
The light is a color that humans cannot see. It can damage your eyes before you can
feel it. When you use a magnifier to inspect fiber-optic cable and connectors, the light
emitted from the fiber could be directed into your eyes. When working with fiber, be
sure to disconnect the light source. Use special detectors to help you tell if a fiber is
energized.

Caution: Obtain proper training before you attempt to cut, strip, or splice fiber-
optic cable. An experienced technician should supervise you until you become
adequately skilled.

Notes to the Teacher

For the following activities you may inform
your students to write the answers on
their notebook

Activity 1

40
Activity 2
Directions: Cite at least five hazards in a computer laboratory and justify how
could it be
eliminated.

Hazards How it could be eliminated

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 1

Directions: Accomplish the two accidental report forms using the given data below

Cutting cable Room Masigasig 10 – Socrates

April 15, 2021 Juan dela Cruz Cuts
Rinsed the cut with water and applied pressure with sterile gauze

10 - Dalailama April 16, 2021 Pedro Tamayo

Computer
minor burn Soldering
Laboratory
Kept the burn in the cold water for 15 minutes

Form No. Date:

Accident Report Form
Room No.:
Name: Grade and Section:
Type of Injury Cause of Injury Remedy

Form No. Date:

Accident Report Form
Room No.:
Name: Grade and Section:
Type of Injury Cause of Injury Remedy

41
Activity 2: Modified True or False:

Directions: If the statement is correct, write TRUE. If it is not, write FALSE and
modify the underlined word/s with the correct to make the statement true. Write
your answer on your answer sheet.

_____ 1. Goggles, mask, coveralls are examples of OHS.

_____ 2. Wear safety glasses when cutting, stripping, or splicing cables of any kind.
Tiny fragments cannot injure your eyes.
_____ 3. All hazards must be reported using an accidental report form.

_____ 4. When working, it is a must that one should observe and practice “safety
first.”
_____ 5. Never touch the ends of any type of cable with your bare hands

_____ 6. Students need not to be aware of the type of hazards that are possibly
present in their work environment.
_____ 7. PPE is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you
work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.
_____ 8. Technicians should know the hazards before working with network cables
and equipment.
_____ 9. Touching open wires might lead to electrical shock
_____ 10. You do not have to undergo training before you attempt to cut, strip, or
splice. fiber-optic cable

42
1. It is a special computer that users on the network can access to carry out a
particular job
A. Modem
B. Server
C. Router
D. Scanner

2. What is the acronym of UTP?

A. Untwisted Thick Net Pair
B. Unknown Twisted Pair
C. Unshielded Twisted Pair
D. Unshielded Twisted Pack

3. What do you call the tool used for testing ethernet cables for faults or missing
pair connections?
A. Webcam
B. Video cam
C. WAN tester
D. LAN tester

4. The following are some examples of common network cables EXCEPT for
A. Twisted pair
B. Fiber optic
C. Glass optic
D. Coaxial

5. A cable that has a thicker core than single-mode cable. It is easier to make, can
use simpler light sources such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and works well
over distances. of a few kilometers or less.
A. Ethernet cable
B. Multimode
C. Single mode
D. Cignal cable

6. It mostly operates on private IP addresses and does not involve heavy routing.
A. LAN
B. WAN
C. MAN
D. PAN

7. A device in your computer (or printers, gaming consoles, and other networking
equipment) that connects your computer to your network.
A. Wired or wireless adapter
B. Ethernet cabling
C. Wireless router
D. DSL modem

43
8. The following are the uses of computer network EXCEPT for
A. sharing of infected files
B. Allowing network users to easily access information.
C. Communicating using email, video, instant messaging etc.
D. Sharing of devices such as printers, scanners, and photocopiers

9. It has connectivity range up to 10 meters and this may include wireless

computer keyboard and mouse, blue tooth enabled headphones, wireless printers,
and TV remotes.
A. LAN
B. WAN
C. PAN
D. MAN

10. The following are some of the materials use in computer network installation
EXCEPT for
A. RJ 45
B. OS Software
C. LAN tester
D. UTP Cat 5 cable

44
 45
What's More
Activity 2
1. Personal Area
Network
2. Local Area
Network
3. Metropolitan Area
Network
4. Wide Area
Network
Activity 3
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. C
Module 1
What I Know
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10.B
 10.C
9. C
8. A
7. A
6. A
5. B
4. C
3. D
2. C
1. B

Assessment

References
Lujero, Rosalie P. et al. (2014). ICT 10 Computer Hardware Servicing Learner’s Material
Pasig City, DepEd.
Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/skyrocker0004/computer-hardware-servicing-
learners-material-grade-10

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication_computer_network/data_communicatio
n_computer_network_tutorial.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/JeanPiano/cblm-set-up-computer-network-css?from_action=save

https://www.slideshare.net/eivyportuguez/materials-tools-equipment-and-testing-
devices-73531266

Lujero, Rosalie P. et al. (2014). ICT 10 Computer Hardware Servicing Learner’s Material
Pasig City, DepEd.
Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/skyrocker0004/computer-hardware-servicing-
learners-material-grade-10

46
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office Navotas

Learning Resource Management Section

Bagumbayan Elementary School Compound

M, Naval St., Sipac Almacen, Navotas City

Telefax: 02-8332-77-64
Email Address: navotas.city@deped.gov.ph