EXPERIMENT NO.

Name of the Experiment: To observe Cavitation Phenomena with

force conduction and study of its characteristic.

Theory:
Water, as any other liquid, contains certain amounts of air. In the case
of water, for example, the amount of air dissolved in it will be
inversely proportional to pressure and temperature of the water.
However, when a liquid is under its saturation pressure or vapor
pressure Py, a phenomena known as cavitations occurs.
Thus, if liquid flows through a certain tube to a pressure lower than
saturation pressure, proportional to its temperature, bubbles of vapor
and of air willform, making cavitations easily visible and audible.
In the throat of the Ventury tube of the equipment, cavitations will
occur with certain volume of flow due to the geometrical dimensions.
Applying the conservation of energy law to the inlet section and to the
throat the following equation is obtained.

P, +

27
Where:
Ppressure at the inlet
P-pressure at the throat
V=velocity of flow at inlet
V-velocity of flow at the throat
Y=p.gspecific weight
Since,
Q=A|ViFA;V2
Also,considering the relation: Aj/A;=4.166
Where,
AjFarea at the inlet=15.0x 10 m
A-area at the throat -3.6x 10 m

1
Combining
V-4.166V1
Then, together with the conservation of energy equation, it can
written as: be
P- P2 (4.166Vi) V? 17.36V,2
Y
+ hi t h
2g 2g 2g
When cavitations phenomena begins P-Pv, being P the
pressure. vapor

But: V²
hË =
2g
Then, linking both equations, and defining k-(kË+k), we have,
P; V? P, v P
Y
= (k+k1) ka +
2g 2g
i.e. P; V P
Y 2g Y

This equation represents a straight line with aslope of k, and a y axis

cut off of Py
Y

Experimental Set-up
a) Cavitation Apparatu:
b) Hydraulic Bench
c) Stop-watch
d) Bucket

Procedure:
Place the equipment over the hydraulic bench. By the flexible tube of
fast connection, connect the equipment to the bench's impulsion inlet.
Set the end of the other flexible tube, connected to the outlet of the

2
equipment, in the volumetric tank of the bench with the purpose of
measure the flOw.
control value of the
Once the equipment has been installed, the flow value
bench will be closed. Start the equipotent and open its control
Slowly until it is totally open to obtain the maximum value of flow
these formation of
doie to flow through the system and to observe
Toam, what indicates the existence of citations, Notice also the noise
that goes with a fast opening of the valve. Measure the flow in such
Conditions, and write down the pressure of the manometer and of the
Vacuum gage. Reduce gradually the pressure in the inlet section
(Indicated by the manometer. at 0.05 bars intervals, until cavitations
Stoops, writing down the values of flow and pressure at the inlet and
at throat for each position of the flow controlvalve.
value of
Measure the temperature of water. since in function of it, the
thespecific weight of water, will be different.

Points of Discussion: A plot a graph for Table for specific weight

and vapor presser of water at different temperature
15 20 25 30 35
Temperature 10
(°C) 9789 9779 9767 9752
Specific weight y 9805 9806 9803 9798
(N/m²) 0.58
0.06 0.09 0.12 0.17 0.25 0.33 0.44
Vapor pressure
PiC (m)

3
 10:5
X 10-5
X 10-5
10-5
X 10-5
10-5
X 10-5
X
10-5 10-5 10: 10: 10:
10
10 X
x X x x x x x
x
Pal

Pressure
(bar)
P 10-5
X 10-5
X 10-5
X
10-5
X 10-5 10:5
X 10-5
X 10-5
X 105 105 10-5
X 105 105 10:5 105

X x X X
x x x
P/y

Pressure
(bar)
P
v2?
/2g
(m)

vi'
/2g
Cavitations
(m)

Q/a
=
V) (m/sec)
at
Vel. Throat

=Q/a1
VË (m/sec)
atVel.
of Inlet
Sheet 10-4
X 10-4
X 10-4
X 10-4
X 10-4
X 10-4 104
10-4
X 104 10:4 104
10-4
X 10:4 104
Q
Rate 10
Flow (m²/s) x x X
x x X X x
Data
Time
t
(sec)

ofVol. (m')
H,O
V
WtSp.. of
H,0(N/m)

Temp.
Water (C)

Throat
az x10-4
0.36 x10-4 0.36 x10-4
0.36 x10-4 0.36 x10-4 0.36 x10-4
0.36 x10-4 x10-4 x10-4
0.36 0.36 0.36 x104 0.36 x10-4
0.36 x10-4 0.36 x10-4
0.36 x104
0.36 x10-4
0.36
ofArea
(m2
)

1.50 x104
1.50 1.50 x104
x10-4 1.50 x104
1.50 x104
1.50 x104 1.50 x104
1.50 x104 1.50 1.50 1.50 x104
x104 x104 1.50 x104
1.50 x104 1.50 x104
1.50
ofAreaInlet
a| x104
(m2
)

12 14 15
SI. No. 7 8 9 10 11 13
2 3 4