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Topics to Review for Midterm Exam

- Spanish Period
1. Science and Nation Building - Early inhabitants of the archipelago had
- Pre-colonial their own culture , belief systems and
- Spanish and American indigenous knowledge.
Colonization - What is science during the Pre- Spanish
- Post-colonization (Pre-colonial) in the Philippines?
- Complete list of Presidents
- Contributions to Science and Science is embedded in the way of life.
Technology from President
Ferdinand E. Marcos to President Scientific knowledge that were observed during the
Duterte Pre-Spanish period:
- Internal and external influences to
development of Science and Example:
Technology 1. Planting crops that provide them food.
- Famous Filipinos in the field of 2. Taking care of animals (for daily task)
Science 3. Food production
2. Science Education in the Philippines 4. Interpret movements of heavenly bodies to
predict seasons and climate.
5. Medicinal uses of plants.
Science, Technology and Nation-Building 6. Preparing soil for agriculture.

Learning Outcomes Indigenous science is a folk science.


At the end of the topic, the students should be able to:
1. explain how early Filipinos applied What was technology during the Pre-Spanish
scientific principles in their daily living; (pre-colonial) period in the Philippines ?
2. present government policies on science and
technology and explain their importance to Example:
the nation; and 1. Building houses
3. discuss the role of science and technology in 2. Irrigation
nation-building. 3. Developing tools for farming, cooking and
fishing.
4. Tools for fighting the enemies during war or
1565: Pre-Colonial Period tribal conflict.
(This part was repeated in the succeeding slides 5. Transportation both for land and waterways.
and it was under “Colonial Period”. So you can do 6. Musical Instrument.
some research to verify it)
- Different archeological artifacts discovered - They incorporated an irrigation system that
in different parts of the country proved that uses water from the forests and mountain
the metal age had a significant influence on tops to achieve an elaborate farming system.
the lives of the people (early Filipinos - The rice terraces of the cordilleras, which
instead of “people”). are still functional , show the innovative,
- Metal age: gold, silver, jewelry, ceramics and ingenious way of the natives to survive
and tools trading with other countries. in an otherwise unfriendly environment.
- The development of science and technology
in the Philippines had already come a long
way. Spanish and American Colonization
- Many significant inventions and discoveries
have been accomplished by or attributed to Colonial Period
some Filipinos.
- Colonization by the Spaniards provided the
Philippines with modern means of
Pre-Colonial Period construction.
- Walls, roads and bridges and other large
- Scientific and technological development in infrastructure and tools were built using
the Philippines began in the pre-colonial some of the engineering skills and tools
period. brought by the Spaniards.
- Even before the Spaniards came to the
Philippine island, early Filipino settlers were Major Contributions
already using certain plants and herbs as 1. Brought with them their own culture and
medicines. practices
- Systems of farming and animal-raising were 2. Established schools for boys and girls
also implemented. 3. Introduced the concept of subjects and
- Early Filipinos had also developed different discipline
modes of transportation, whether terrestrial 4. Beginning of formal science and technology
or maritime. in the country, known as the School of
- A complicated engineering work was Science and Technology.
achieved by the natives of the Cordilleras 5. Learning science focuses on understanding
when they built rice terraces by hand. different concepts related to the human body
- Through these terraces, the people were able , plants, animals and heavenly bodies.
to cultivate crops on the mountain sides in 6. Technology focuses on using and the
cold temperatures. developing of house tools used in everyday
life.
Life during the Spanish era - The other sailed from Manila to Acapulco
with 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending
- They become modernized 90 days at sea.
- They adopt Western technology and ways of - During the Spanish period, the Philippines
life. became one of the centers of global trade in
- Filipinos developed ways to replicate the Southeast Asia and was considered to be one
technology brought by the Spaniards using of the most developed places in the region.
INDIGENOUS MATERIALS.

Where did medicine and advanced science were American Period


introduced formally?
- Medicine and advanced science were - The Americans have more influence in the
formally introduced in Colleges and development of science and technology in
Universities established by Catholic the Philippines.
orders. - The American occupation modernized
almost all aspects of life in the Philippines.
- They established a government agency, the
Galleon Trade Bureau of Science for the sole purpose of
nurturing development in the field of science
- is a government monopoly that was supplied and technology
by the merchants from post areas of Fujian - “Americanize”
who traveled to Manila to sell the Spaniards - Reorganize the learning of science
spices, porcelain, ivory, processed silk cloth - Basic education :nature studies, science and
and other valuable commodities sanitation
- Higher Education: improved and
The Galleon Trade modernized , researches conducted to
- From 1556 to 1815, it contributed to the control diseases.
change of culture, language and
environment for both the Philippines and
Mexico. World War II

- Only two galleons were used. - World War II – is the greatest downfall of
- One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with the Philippines that destabilized the
500,000 pesos worth of goods spending 120 development of the country in many ways.
days at sea. - The country had a difficult time rebuilding
itself from the ruins of the war.
- The human spirit to survive and rebuild the 10. Ferdinand E. Marcos (December 30,
country may be strong but the capacity of 1965 – February 25, 1986)
the country to bring back what was 11. Corazon C. Aquino (February 25,
destroyed was limited. 1986 – June 30, 1992)
12. Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 –
June 30, 1998)
Post-Colonial 13. Joseph E. Estrada (June 30, 1998 –
January 20, 2001)
- After achieving independence from the 14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January
colonizers, the Philippines, under many 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010)
administrations, continued to pursue 15. Benigno Aquino III (June 30, 2010
programs in science and technology. – June 30, 2016)
- Each leadership has its own agenda. 16. Rodrigo Roa Duterte (June 30, 2016
- However, it is important to note that some – June 30, 2022)
Philippine presidents posted more 17. Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. (June 30,
developments in the field than others. 2022 – present)

Complete List of Presidents Contributions of the Presidents

1. Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899 Link:


– March 23, 1901) https://philpad.com/presidents-philippines-achieveme
2. Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944) nts-contributions/
3. Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 –
August 17, 1945)
4. Sergio Osmeña Sr. (August 1, 1944 Contributions to Science Science and Technology
– May 28, 1946) from President Ferdinand E. Marcos to President
5. Manuel A. Roxas (May 28, 1946 – Duterte
April 15, 1948)
6. Elpidio R. Quirino (April 17, 1948 – Marcos Government
December 30, 1953) 1. The scientist were sent abroad to study
7. Ramon Magsaysay Sr. (December science and technology
30, 1953 – March 17, 1957) 2. Scientist, doctors, engineers, technicians and
8. Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 – science teachers were given basic trainings
December 30, 1961) 3. Development projects include research and
9. Diosdado P. Macapagal (December development schools, technical institution,
30, 1961 – December 30, 1965) science and education centers and
agricultural colleges and vocational high their invention under the Invention based
science school; Enterprise Development Program by the
4. The National Grains Authority (NGA) was DOST-TAPI
created 7. Enchantment of important laws related to
5. The Philippine Council for Agricultural science and technology personnel
Research (PCAR) was created
6. Scientific research and Innovative was Aquino Government
promoted and the property for the creator or The NSTA was reorganized into Department of
publisher of the work was protected Science and Technology (DOST) and assigned
7. The Philippine Atmospheric and cabinet level that includes the following:
Geographical and Astronomical Services 1. The Philippine Atmospheric and
(PAGASA) was established Geophysical and Astronomical Services
8. Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) Administration
was created 2. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
9. The National Academy of Science and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Technology (NAST) was established 3. The Philippine Science High School System
10. The NSDB was restructured as the National (PSHS)
Science and Technology Authority 4. Science and Technology Information
11. The Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Institute (STII)
Philippine Science High School was 5. Science Education Institute (SEI)
established 6. Technology Application and Promotion
Institute (TAPI)
After Martial Law 7. Technology Resource Center (TRC)
1. The Free Public Secondary Education Act of
1988 (R.A. 6655) Fidel V. Ramos
2. Increase in the number of competent - During his presidency, the Philippines had
scientists and engineers to man S&T Center approximately 3,000 competent scientists
3. Scholarships for students; and engineers
4. Investment on critical infrastructure and - “Doctor to the Barrio” Program made
enabling tools healthcare accessible even in far-flung areas
5. Establishment and upgrading of 5 centers of - “National Program for Gifted Filipino
excellence by 2020 in biotechnology, Children in Science & Technology” was
nanotechnology, genomics, semiconductor created for HS students who wanted to
and electronic device major in Science & Engineering in college
6. Assistance to Filipino inventors through - Laws and statutes related to S&T sector
financial aids, legal assistance and for were mandated such as:
commercialization and pilot production of
● RA 7678 - S&T Scholarship Act of - PHIVOLCS has also come up with the
1994 Valley Fault System Atlas (VFSA), a
● RA 7459 - Inventors & Inventions comprehensive collection detailed
Incentive Act large-scale maps that can help people
● RA 8293 - The Intellectual identify if their homes are near the VFS
Property Code of the Philippines
Rodrigo Roa Duterte
Joseph E. Estrada - At present, the S&T sector is seen to be a
- RA 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of priority based on the budget for Research &
1999& Development (R&D) that grew by nearly 6
- RA 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 times over the same period (From PS billion
were both signed and mandated during his in 2010 to P20.8 billion in 2017).
term - Formulation of programs & policies that will
- He was also responsible for implementing aid in shaping the country.
cost-effective irrigation technologies and - The focus of DOST is to put the results of
providing basic health care systems for those R&D and commercialization in order to gain
who could not afford. new Intellectual properties.
- "Philippine Space Technology Program"
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo which launched Diwate-2 in 2018 after the
- Filipinnovation launch of Diwata-1 in 2016 that displayed
- Electronic Procurement System (EPS) the Philippine flag in space.
- Roll-On, Roll-Off transport (RORO)
- Biofuel
Internal and External influences to development
Benigno Aquino III of Science and Technology
During his term, he named new National Scientists:
- Gavino C. Trona - Marine Biology 11. Influences in the development of Science and
- Angel C. Alcala - Biological Science Technology in the Philippines?
- Ramon C. Barba - Horticulture - SURVIVAL
- Edgardo D. Gomez Marine Biology - CULTURE
- ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Project Nationwide Operational Assessment of
Hazards (NOAH) was established in 2012 by the 12. What are the three external influences in the
DOST, a more integrated and responsive system to development of Science and Technology in the
deal with disasters. Philippines?
- FOREIGN COLONIZERS
- Initiated K-12 Curriculum (STEM) - TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES
- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC 3. What track in the senior high school
DEMANDS program encourages more students to enroll
in science- related fields in college?
- STEM
Science and Technology may have a significant
4. GIVE ONE VARIABLE that influences the
impact on the lives of the people and the
development of policies in science and
development of Philippine society. However,
technology?
Improving the quality of science education remains a
- NATIONAL GOALS
big challenge in the country.
- INTERNATIONAL TREATY
- LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
- SOCIAL NEEDS, ISSUES and
Lesson 2.2
PROBLEMS
Government Policies in Science and Technology

The Philippine Government through DOST


AMBISYON NATIN 2040
Introducing and implementing
Ambisyon Natin 2040: matatag, maginhawa at
panatag na buhay para sa lahat which has three
Program, Projects, Policies —> To prepare the whole
pillars:
country and its people to meet the demands of a
1. Malasakit (enhancing the social fabric),
technologically driven world and capacitate the
2. Pagbabago (reducing Inequality)and
people to live in a world driven by science.
3. Kaunlaran (Increasing potential growth).

GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T


GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T
In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the
1. What government agency provides funds for
government, particularly the DOST, has sought the
basic research and patents related to S&T
expertise of the NRCP to consult various sectors in
and provides scholarship for undergraduate
the society to study how the Philippines can prepare
and graduate studies of students in the field
itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.
of S&T
- DOST
2. What is the government program on The NRCP clustered these policies into four:

establishing the national center of 1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,

excellence, workforce and institutional International Policies and Governance

development programs, regional centers to 2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial

support specific industries, and business Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and

centers? Mathematics

- PAASE - Philippine American 3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical

Academy of Science and Sciences

Engineering
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and 4. SECTION IV Industry, Energy, and
Forestry Emerging Technology (stability, production,
land, marketing, and the system of our

The Role of S&T in Philippine Nation-Building by economy)

Sec. Fortunato Dela Pena 5. SECTION V Disaster Risk Reduction and


Climate Change Adaptation (DRR & CCA)
1. Research and development activities of the
DOST has been at the forefront of initiatives
since they are meant to give new sources of
income. Famous Filipinos in the Field of Science

2. Food security has always been the looming


threat especially for the third-world country 1. Ramon Cabanos Barba

such as the Philippines - He is a filipino scientist known for

3. DOST hard at work to increase the number his outstanding research on tissue

of science and engineering graduates in the culture in Philippine mangoes

country. 2. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.


- He is a Filipino scientist known for

DOST inventing the meconium drugs

● Establish more branches of Philippine testing

Science High School System 3. Josefino Cacas Comiso

● Balik Scientist Program - He is a Filipino scientist known for

● Creating science and technology parks to his work on observing the

encourage academe and industry characteristics of Antarctica by

partnerships using satellite images.

● The establishment of the National Science 4. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III

Complex and National Engineering - He is a Filipino scientist known for

Complex within the University of the his research on tilapia culture

Philippines - Diliman. 5. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz


- She is a Filipino scientist known

Harmonized National Research and Development for her notable research on sea snail

Agenda venom

1. SECTION I National Integrated Basic 6. Gregory Ligot Tangonan

Research Agenda (NIBRA) (sustainable - He is a Filipino scientist known for

community, clean energy, health sufficiency, his research in the field of

water, food, and nutrition security) communications technology.

2. SECTION II Health 7. Lilian Formalejo Patena

3. SECTION III Agriculture, Aquatic and


Natural Resources (AANR)
- She is a Filipino scientist known - A school known as national center
for her research on plant for marine science, and fisheries
biotechnology – End –
8. Fabian Millar Dayrit
- He is a Filipino scientist known for
his research on herbal medicine
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz
- She is a Filipino scientist known
for being an outstanding educator
and graph theorist
10. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.
- He is a Filipino scientist known
internationally in the field of
electrical engineering; was elected
as an officer of the famous Institute
of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering.
11. Caesar A. Saloma
- An internationally renowned
physicist
12. Edgardo Gomez
- Famous scientist in marine science
13. William Padolina
- Chemistry and president of
National Academy of Science and
Technology (NAST) - Philippines
14. Angel Alcala
- Marine science

Schools and Universities

1. UP - Los Banos
- A school know as science paradise
for agriculture forestry, plant and
animal science, and veterinary
science
2. UP - Visayas

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