tempco-finned-tubular-heaters
tempco-finned-tubular-heaters
tempco-finned-tubular-heaters
Shown
with optional
mounting flange at
end of sheath
✴ Copper brazed steel fins on steel sheath standard. Aluminum ✴ Type T Post terminals standard. .315 dia. heaters have 8-32
Design Features
based protective coating available. threads and 10-32 threads are used on .430 & .475 dia.
✴ Stainless steel fins on stainless alloy sheath standard. heaters. Full selection of tubular terminations available See
page 10-4.
✴ .315, .430, & .475 Sheath diameters standard. .260 & .375
diameters optional. .625 diameter is special order in limited ✴ Catalog units have V2A silicon resin seals as standard. Most
lengths. all other tubular seal options available. See page 10-16C.
✴ 5/16'' fins standard on .315 diameter units, 3/8'' fins on .430 ✴ Numerous factory bending formations available. Supply
& .475 diameter heaters. See physical specifications for Tempco with dimensional sketch, drawing, or photo. See page
optional sizes. 10-9.
✴ Monel fins on Monel sheath available on special order only. ✴ Bright annealed, Nickel plating, Hi-heat aluminum, or Hi-
Consult Tempco for details. heat flat black finishes available Furnace brazed Stainless
Steel fins available as an option.
✴ 4.5-5 fins/in standard. 3.5-6 fins/in optional
✴ U2 & M2 formations are ideal for duct heating applications
✴ Steel finned catalog heaters have brazed brass bulkheads.
Welded steel or staked bulkheads available. Stainless steel ✴ Unfinned sections in bends or straight lengths of heated area
welded bulkheads are standard on cataloged stainless steel can be provided on heaters up to 32wsi sheath watt density.
finned heaters. Fittings will have UNF threads unless custom ✴ Catalog listed Steel heaters are UL recognized for use up to
threads are specified. See page 10-16B. 750°F sheath temperature & Stainless construction up to
✴ Custom Mounting Brackets can be provided. See page 10-16C. 1000°F at a maximum of 85 wsi on sheath.
THF finned heaters are constructed using Tempco’s robust tubular The finned tubular elements are normally used in forced or free
Construction Characteristics
element as the basis of construction. Fin material is continuously convective air applications at low to medium temperatures. Typical
spiral wound tightly onto the element surface to increase the con- applications are for heating indoor clean air from ambient condi-
vective surface area for air and non-corrosive gas heating. Fin spac- tions up to 250/275°F for steel finned units & to 550°F for stainless
ing and size have been tested and selected to optimize performance. fins. Steel finned heaters can be operated up to 750°F on sheath
Steel finned units are then furnace brazed, bonding the fins to the and stainless steel finned heaters used up to 1200°F (1000°F UL
sheath to increase conductive efficiency. This allows higher wattage limit) sheath temperatures. Nominal sheath watt density and rec-
levels to be achieved in the same flow area and produces lower ommended operating conditions for the cataloged heaters are in-
sheath temperatures prolonging heater life. For higher temperature cluded in the table headings & footnotes. Lower airflows will
or more corrosive applications, stainless steel fins securely wound require lower watt density ratings. Consideration should be given
on alloy sheath are available. Application conditions such as vibra- to using un-finned alloy sheath tubular elements for heating to
tion and toxic/flammable media should be taken into consideration higher outlet air temperatures or if operating in higher ambient air.
when installing heaters. Protective coatings are available for use on Application conditions of flow velocity and inlet/outlet tempera-
steel finned heaters for mildly corrosive or high humidity applica- tures will govern sheath watt density to be used. The airflow graphs
tions. and examples presented will help with determining proper heater
Finned tubular elements are safer to operate than open coil heaters watt density. The cataloged designs are suitable for most low tem-
as the risk of fire from combustible particles in the flow stream and perature applications that will be encountered.
electrical shock is minimized. Increased service life and less main-
tenance required due to the rugged finned element construction. Agency
Power loading (w/in) of finned tubulars can be matched to any open Approval
coil installation. Pressure drop when using finned elements will be Finned Tubular Heaters are UL recognized for US and Canada
slightly more than with open coil but normally not enough to mat- in many design variations up to 85W/in , 480V maximum. The
ter. It varies with flow velocity ranging from .04"H2O at 500 fpm UL File Number is E65652 (CCN KSOT2/KSOT8.
2
to about .30"H2O at 1500 fpm when elements are banked together If you require UL, CSA, or other NRTL agency approvals,
in several rows for duct heaters. please specify when ordering.
➻ Convective air & gas heating in ducts ➻ Exhaust gas heating ➻ Autoclaves➻ Film & ink drying
Typical Applications
Sheath Material: Steel, 304L SS, 316L SS, Steel & 304 SS
Fin Materials and Attachment Method:
Incoloy 840 and Incoloy 800 Steel wound with copper wire between fins for oven brazing to
sheath. Stainless steel is mechanically wound but can be oven
Sheath Lengths: 12" to 196" depending on sheath diameter brazed as an option if a bright annealing atmosphere is used.
26 Ga. (.018) for Steel and 304 SS. Optional 24 Ga. (.024) for
humidity. When coated with one of the optional coatings available
Fin Thickness:
steel only
they are suitable for high humidity, organic vapors, or mildly corro-
sive applications. Stainless steel finned heaters should be
Steel fins on steel sheath—750°F (400°C) .430'' dia. with 5/16'' fins—1.04'' OD
Maximum Temperature:
Steel fins on Incoloy or SS sheath—750°F (400°C) .430'' dia. with 3/8'' steel fins—1.15'' OD, SS fins 1.16'' OD
.475'' dia. with 3/8'' fins—1.21'' OD
Stainless Steel fins on stainless, Incoloy 840 or Incoloy 800
sheath—1200°F (650°C)
5±.5 for 5/16 material, 4.5-5 for 3/8 material (up to 6 per
Fin Pitch Standards:
inch maximum
20-45 W/in (3-7 W/cm )
Nominal Watt Density:
2 2
.315 dia.—84 watts/linear inch Copper brazed stainless steel fins using inert
atmosphere - special
Maximum Element Power Density Limits:
brazed Steel & SS optional. UNF threads standard, metric or .375" dia. with 3/8" fins . . . . . . 1.00"
special threads available. .430" dia. with 5/16" fins . . . . . 1.00"
Custom mounting brackets: (type MF or special). .430" dia. with 3/8" fins . . . . . . 1.00"
Dimensional sketch or drawing needed with material specs. .475" dia. with 3/8" fins . . . . . . 1.00"
Locator washer: (type LC) specify location
Adjustable mounting collar: (type MC) w/set screw
Full selection of tubular termination options: Bulkhead fit-
The above values are for factory formed heaters. Consult
These are guidelines only. Consult Tempco if you require assistance in determining the method best suited to your application.
Fitting Attachment Method — General Guidelines
Fittings Crimped: Low pressure water (up to 80 psig) and non-pressure air applications
Fittings Brazed: Non-ferrous alloys (copper) and dissimilar non-weldable metals
Fittings Welded: High pressure liquids and gases, and high temperature applications
.315 8.0 Stn. Stl. Round 3/4 19 1/2 12.7 5/8 16 1/2-20
.375 9.5 Brass Round 3/4 19 1/2 12.7 5/8 16 1/2-20
.375 9.5 Stn. Stl. Round 3/4 19 1/2 12.7 5/8 16 1/2-20
.430 10.9 Brass Round or Hex 7/8 22 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 5/8-18
.430 10.9 Stn. Stl. Round or Hex 7/8 22 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 5/8-18
.430 10.9 Steel Round 7/8 22 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 5/8-18
.475 12.1 Brass Round 7/8 22 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 5/8-18
.475 12.1 Stn. Stl. Round 7/8 22 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 5/8-18
.475 12.1 Steel Round 7/8 22 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 5/8-18
.475 12.1 Brass Round 1 25 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 3/4-16
.475 12.1 Stn. Stl. Round 1 25 3/4 19.0 7/8 22 3/4-16
.625 15.9 Stn. Stl. Round 1-1/8 29 3/4 19.0 1 25 7/8-14
note: Optional Larger Thread Sizes and Hex Flanged Bulkhead Fittings
are available. Consult Tempco with your requirements.
FAS-108-102 .315 8.0 5/16 7.9 5/8 15.9 adjustable stop for through-the-wall mounting.
Part Number in mm in mm in mm
FAS-108-103 .375 9.5 3/8 9.5 3/4 19.1 Collars are shipped in bulk unless otherwise
FAS-108-104 .430 10.9 7/16 11.1 7/8 22.2 specified. Mounting collars can be ordered
FAS-108-106 .475 12.0 7/16 11.1 1 25.4
with the heater or purchased separately.
and are used to limit the movement of the heater while allowing for expansion and
contraction of the heater sheath. When ordering, specify location from end of sheath.
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is used as the insulating material in If a heater has absorbed moisture, a safe and effective method of
Tubular Heater Standard Moisture Seals
Tempco tubular heaters because of its excellent thermal conduc- drying it out prior to installation is to bake it in an oven at 300°F
tivity and dielectric strength. However, MgO is hygroscopic and (149°C) until an acceptable IR reading is obtained. When possible,
can absorb moisture from the atmosphere. This absorption of removing the terminal hardware will expedite this process. If this
moisture may be detected when an Insulation Resistance (IR) test method is not practical consult factory for other recommenda-
is done with a megohmmeter prior to energizing the heater circuit. tions.
In very humid environments, circuits utilizing a GFI (ground fault For applications where moisture absorption would be unacceptable
interrupter) for safety may experience nuisance tripping when Tempco has several optional element end seals to retard absorp-
energizing the heater. tion of moisture in the MgO. If a true hermetic seal is required,
The Tempco manufacturing process produces a dry element with ceramic to metal end seals (Type H) are available. With any of
an IR of several thousand megohms minimum. However, after these seals, the maximum recommended termination temperature
shipment and depending on humidity levels and storage time, a in the seal area must not be exceeded.
heater can absorb moisture and show a decrease in IR. In many
cases, depending on the supply voltage and the application, the
heater can be safely energized and will dry itself out.
A brushed-on coating that penetrates the MgO, offering econom- Epoxy resin provides a moisture resisting barrier.
Style SS—Silicone Resin Seal Style SEH—Epoxy Resin Seal
ical moisture protection under humid storage conditions. UL Rated – Maximum Termination Temperature:
Maximum Usable Termination Temperature: 390°F (200°C) Type V: 194°F (90°C)
UL Rated Maximum Termination Temperature: 221°F (105°C) Type V1: 266°F (130°C)
Type V2A: conformal coating Type V4: 392°F (200°C)
Type V2B: silicone oil
Design Guidelines
The major factors that need to be considered when specifying THF finned tubular heaters
are as follows:
• Minimum FPM airflow velocity at heater inlet. Is it continuous or fluctuating
• Inlet air temperature
• Outlet air temperature and temperature rise through heating elements
• Selection of element watt density to keep sheath material within its temperature limits
• Sheath material selection
• Condition of air or gas to be heated
• Mounting & airflow restrictions around elements
• KW sizing and # of circuits required (48 amp max/circuit)
• Temperature sensors & flow controls
Heater KW Sizing
Once the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, process CFM, and operating pressure are known, the
KW required for the application can be determined using the following equations. If the process is
heating air & operating from ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure (70°+/- 10°F & 14.7 psi),
the following formula can be used;
KW = {[SCFM x (T2-T1)] ÷ 3190} + S.F.
Where:
T2 = °F outlet temperature
T1 = °F inlet temperature
SCFM = standard air flow in cu.ft./min. at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature
S.F. = safety factor % to account for process losses
An alternate method for calculating KW needed to heat air or other gas, from any inlet to outlet
temperature can be done using the following general energy equation;
KW = {[60 min/hr x SCFM x Density x Sp Ht x ∆T] ÷3412} + S.F.
Where:
SCFM = standard air flow in cubic feet/min (@ 70°F & 14.7 psia)
Density = Gas density in lbs/cuft at standard conditions or if pressurized process at process
pressure and inlet temperature. (see table)
Sp Ht = Specific heat of gas in Btu/lb-°F at standard conditions or if pressurized process at
process pressure and inlet temperature. (values for air are shown in the gas density table)
∆T = Process gas temperature rise -°F
3412 = conversion factor for Btu/hr to KW (1 KW = 3412 Btu/hr)
S.F. = safety factor % to account for process losses.
Using the inlet air velocity at the heater and the maximum outlet temperature desired the max-
imum sheath watt density can now be determined from the following charts for the type of
heater being specified if a cataloged design is not suitable. The physical size and constraints
of the application will dictate the final configuration and number of heaters required. For large
installations, 3 phase circuits need to be balanced and all circuits limited no more than 48
amps per circuit. If voltages are higher than 250V, .375, .430, or .475 diameter elements are
recommended.
The maximum sheath watt density to be specified is directly determined by the operating variables of FPM airflow velocity
Sheath Watt Density
and inlet/outlet air/gas temperatures required. It must be selected such that sheath operating temperatures are not exceeded;
750°F for steel sheath-steel finned, or 1200°F for stainless steel/alloy sheath with stainless fins. Cataloged heaters are
designed to operate within these parameters. The following charts will help guide the user in selecting proper watt density.
Chart 1 for steel (or SS) finned elements relates the maximum allowable sheath wsi
to outlet air temperature that will be obtained at various air velocity levels.
These curves are for 750°F (or lower) sheath operating temperature.
An application requires a heater to output 275°F air at an air velocity of 750 FPM. Entering the curves
Example 1
with 275°F, then up to 750 FPM level we find that a maximum of 62-64 wsi can be applied. Depending
on voltage and space constraints either a .315 or .430 diameter catalog heater could be used.
A curing oven needed 325°F outlet air at a minimum velocity of 1500 FPM. Entering chart at 325°F up
Example 2
to the 1500 FPM curve, we see that the heater could have a maximum of 70-72 sheath wsi. If a higher
outlet air temperature is required, or if the airflow velocity is lower, then a reduced a sheath wsi would
have to be specified.
30 wsi sheath
500
45 wsi sheath
400
Max. Outlet 60 wsi sheath
Air Temp. °F
75 wsi sheath
300
200
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Air Velocity at Heater — FPM
Chart 2 shows the relationship of maximum outlet air temperature obtained vs inlet air velocity at several sheath wsi levels.
This chart can be used for either steel or stainless steel finned elements operating at a maximum of 750°F and
provides a way of establishing either airflow required or outlet temperature that will be obtained when sheath
wsi is known for an application.
These curves show that to obtain a higher air outlet temperature at a constant FPM, the sheath wsi must be
reduced to keep the element within the 750°F temperature limit of sheath & fin materials. These curves are for
air entering a heater at or near ambient (60°-105°F).
60 fpm
Sheath
Watt 75.00
Density
These curves reflect the
combined effects of forced
convection and radiation
heat transfer to surrounding
environment.
50.00
0.00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
Chart 3 is a plot of sheath temperature and sheath watt density at various levels of inlet forced air at 80°F
Sheath temperature °F (= 80°F + Temp Rise)
It can be used to determine a maximum allowable sheath wsi for heating applications not restricted to the steel sheath limit
of 750°. It can be used directly for most ambient air heating processes using Incoloy or Stainless Steel sheathed elements
with stainless steel fins.
The following Example Illustrates the Graph’s use when Operating in a Higher Ambient
A recirculating process oven with organic vapors, moisture & other air contamination present, requires 500°F air
Application
at a minimum flow velocity of 900 FPM. Can a Stainless steel finned alloy sheathed heater at 80 wsi be used?
Entering this chart at 900 FPM and 80 wsi, we find the sheath temperature when operating at 80°F ambient will
Using the Graph
be 700°F. The ambient temperature difference from the graph value of 80°F to the new higher 500°F ambient is
420°F (500-80). The new sheath temperature when operating in the 500°F ambient will be approximately 1120°F.
(700 + 420). This is just 80° lower than the 1200°F limit for a stainless steel finned heater.
To conserve heater life it would be best to use a lower watt density & operate the heater at the lowest point pos-
sible given voltage, size, and construction constraints of the application. Consideration should be given to
increasing the air velocity or using un-finned alloy sheath tubular heaters for this application. (See page 11-104)
Tech note: The reverse is true if element is operating in an ambient lower than 80°F. The sheath temperature
would be reduced by the difference in the temperatures. The WSI range shown on the chart is approximately
4.25 times an unfinned tubular. The data has been confirmed by Tempco lab testing on .430 & .475 diameter
finned heaters with 4.5-5 fins/in.
.315 diameter elements are typically used .430 diameter elements are typically used .475 diameter elements are typically used
for air heating from ambient to 250/275°F for air heating from ambient to 275/300°F for air heating from ambient to 450/500°F
at a minimum airflow of 700 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 750 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 1400 FPM.
Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 1200°F.
Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required
for lower airflows for lower airflows. for lower airflows.
A
E
.475 1.21 101⁄2 81⁄2 21⁄2 1500 — THF00447 THF00448 THF00449 THF00450
.475 1.21 131⁄4 111⁄4 21⁄2 2000 — THF00451 THF00452 THF00453 THF00454
.475 1.21 181⁄2 161⁄2 21⁄2 3000 — THF00455 THF00456 THF00457 THF00458
.475 1.21 24 22 21⁄2 4000 — THF00459 THF00460 THF00461 THF00462
.475 Dia.
.475 1.21 291⁄2 271⁄2 21⁄2 5000 — THF00463 THF00464 THF00465 THF00466
SS Element
.475 1.21 401⁄2 381⁄2 21⁄2 7000 — THF00471 THF00472 THF00473 THF00474
90 W/in
.315 diameter elements are typically used .430 diameter elements are typically used .475 diameter elements are typically used
for air heating from ambient to 250/275°F for air heating from ambient to 275/300°F for air heating from ambient to 450/500°F
at a minimum airflow of 700 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 750 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 1400 FPM.
Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 1200°F.
Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required
for lower airflows for lower airflows. for lower airflows.
.430 1.15 73⁄4 61⁄2 2 81⁄2 1000 — THF00497 THF00498 THF00499 THF00500
.430 1.15 103⁄4 91⁄2 2 111⁄2 1500 — THF00501 THF00502 THF00503 THF00504
.430 1.15 133⁄4 121⁄2 2 141⁄2 2000 — THF00505 THF00506 THF00507 THF00508
.430 Dia.
.430 1.15 383⁄4 371⁄2 2 391⁄2 6000 — THF00521 THF00522 THF00523 THF00524
80 W/in
.475 1.21 93⁄4 81⁄2 21⁄2 101⁄2 1500 — THF00525 THF00526 THF00527 THF00528
.475 1.21 121⁄2 111⁄4 21⁄2 131⁄4 2000 — THF00529 THF00530 THF00531 THF00532
.475 1.21 173⁄4 161⁄2 21⁄2 181⁄2 3000 — THF00533 THF00534 THF00535 THF00536
.475 1.21 231⁄4 22 21⁄2 24 4000 — THF00537 THF00538 THF00539 THF00540
.475 Dia.
.475 1.21 283⁄4 271⁄2 21⁄2 291⁄2 5000 — THF00541 THF00542 THF00543 THF00544
SS Element
.475 1.21 393⁄4 381⁄2 21⁄2 401⁄2 7000 — THF00549 THF00550 THF00551 THF00552
90 W/in
.315 diameter elements are typically used .430 diameter elements are typically used .475 diameter elements are typically used
for air heating from ambient to 250/275°F for air heating from ambient to 275/300°F for air heating from ambient to 450/500°F
at a minimum airflow of 700 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 750 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 1400 FPM.
Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 1200°F.
Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required
for lower airflows for lower airflows. for lower airflows.
.475 1.21 71⁄2 51⁄2 9 51⁄2 2000 — THF00602 THF00603 THF00604 THF00605
.475 1.21 10 8 9 8 3000 — THF00606 THF00607 THF00608 THF00609
.475 1.21 121⁄2 101⁄2 9 101⁄2 4000 — THF00610 THF00611 THF00612 THF00613
.475 1.21 151⁄2 131⁄2 9 131⁄2 5000 — THF00614 THF00615 THF00616 THF00617
.475 Dia.
.315 diameter elements are typically used for air heating from ambient to 250/275°F at a minimum airflow of 700 FPM.
Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required for lower airflows.
.430 diameter elements are typically used for air heating from ambient to 275/300°F at a minimum airflow of 750 FPM.
Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required for lower airflows.
.475 diameter elements are typically used for air heating from ambient to 450/500°F at a minimum airflow of 1400 FPM.
Maximum sheath temperature is 1200°F. Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required for lower airflows.
.315 .92 53⁄4 41⁄4 6 41⁄4 61⁄4 1000 THF00629 THF00630 THF00631 — —
Description inches inches inches inches inches inches Watts 120V 208V 240V 277V 480V
.315 .92 73⁄4 61⁄4 6 61⁄4 81⁄4 1500 THF00632 THF00633 THF00634 — —
.315 .92 93⁄4 81⁄4 6 81⁄4 101⁄4 2000 THE00635 THF00636 THF00637 — —
.315 Dia.
.315 .92 133⁄4 121⁄4 6 121⁄4 141⁄4 3000 THF00638 THF00639 THF00640 — —
Steel Element
.315 .92 173⁄4 161⁄4 6 161⁄4 181⁄4 4000 THF00641 THF00642 THF00643 — —
5/16 Brazed
.475 1.21 63⁄4 51⁄2 9 51⁄2 71⁄2 2000 — THF00675 THF00676 THF00677 THF00678
.475 1.21 91⁄4 8 9 8 10 3000 — THF00679 THF00680 THF00681 THF00682
.475 1.21 113⁄4 101⁄2 9 101⁄2 121⁄2 4000 — THF00683 THF00684 THF00685 THF00686
.475 1.21 143⁄4 131⁄2 9 131⁄2 151⁄2 5000 — THF00687 THF00688 THF00689 THF00690
.475 Dia.
.315 diameter elements are typically used .430 diameter elements are typically used .475 diameter elements are typically used
for air heating from ambient to 250/275°F for air heating from ambient to 275/300°F for air heating from ambient to 450/500°F
at a minimum airflow of 700 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 750 FPM. at a minimum airflow of 1400 FPM.
Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 750°F. Maximum sheath temperature is 1200°F.
Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required Reduced sheath watt density (wsi) required
for lower airflows for lower airflows. for lower airflows.