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7 views

Philo

Uploaded by

Jaymark Cacondangan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHILOSOPHY QUARTER 2 REVIEWER

LESSON 1-2:THE FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON

FREEDOM- It is an intrinsic and essential property of the person. It is rooted


in the human person’s self determination and exercise of intellect and free
will.

3 KINDS OF FREEDOM

PHYSICAL FREEDOM- refers to the absence of any physical restraint. The


person has the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FREEDOM- also called freedom of choice. The person is free


to perform actions that he or she considered right and wise. A person is free
to act or not to act psychological freedom is innate and cannot be denied as
a person.

MORAL FREEDOM- refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human


dignity and goodness.

TWO ELEMETS OF FREEDOM

VOLUNTARINESS-refers to the ability of the person to act out of his or her


own free will and self determination.

RESPONSIBILITY- refers to a person being accountable for his or her actions


and their consequences.

LESSON 3-4: INTERSUBJECTIVITY

INTERSUBJECTIVITY- is a philosophical concept that explore the mutual


recognition of each other as persons.

-It refers to the characteristics of the human person to engage in a very


intimate and personal relationship.

-A deeper level of interaction between the self and the other, on the other
hand, is the awareness of the self as being seen by others.

SELF CONSCIOUSNESS- considered by philosophers as a defining


characteristics of the self-other relationship.
SEEMING- where an individual presents himself or herself in a certain way
when dealing with others.

DIALOGUE- an interaction between two persons that happens through speech


or the use of words, expressions, and body language.

EMPATHY- the ability to share emotions is an important aspects of


intersubjectivity. This emotion is driven by a person’s awareness that the
other is a person with thoughts and feelings.

- It enables us to experience another person’s emotion such as


happiness, anger, and sadness.

AVAILABILITY- are the willingness of a person to be present and be the


disposal of another.

EMPATHY

ETHICS OF CARE- an ethical theory that emphasizes the moral dimension of


relationships and interactions. This moral perspective encourages individuals
to help other people.

ALIENATION- these arises when person ceases to view the other as a distinct
and authentic person and merely considers the other person as a mere
object or means to satisfy personal interest.

SOCIETY- must be founded on relationships and bonds establishes through


mutual respect and recognition of human dignity.

LESSON 5-6: THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

SOCIETY- an organized group of people whose members interact frequently


and have a common territory and culture. It is also refers to a companionship
or friendly association with others, an alliance, a community, or a union.

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY- states that society came to exist out of people’s
desire to have harmony in their community.

They imagined humans as living in a so-called “Natural State” removed from


modernity and civilization.

PHILOSOPHERS WHO TACKLED THE ORIGINS OF HUMAN SOCIETY


THOMAS HOBBES- person in their natural states are governed by their
desires and this often lead to conflict with their fellow men.

JOHN LOCKE- considered persons in their natural states as more cooperative


and reasonable, and that society is formed through consent of individuals
that organize it. This concept is known as the consent of the governed.

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU- on the social contract led him to advocate the
concept of the “general will”. He believed that even if the people are the
ones who are organized society and established an authority or government,
the government is able to impose its will on the people.

COMMON GOOD- refers to the social conditions which enable persons and
groups to fulfill their goals and achieve well-being.

DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETIES

1.HUNTING AND GATHERING

•earliest and simplest form of society

•nomadic

•treated equally and decisions are usually arrived through consensus.

•division of labor is not very clearly defined

2. PASTORAL SOCIETY

•domestication of animals for food farmers table and predictable food supply

•larger population

•remain longer in one place

•emergence of specialized task in the community

3. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

•engage in the small scale cultivation of plants, fruit, and vegetables and
domestication of animals.

•semi nomadic

•roles and responsibilities are clearly defined, task assigned according to


gender.

4. AGRARIAN OR AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY


•evolution of pastoral and horticultural societies

•large scale and long term cultivation of crops and animals

•improve technology and the use of tools in farming

•improve farming methods results in increased production

5.FEUDAL SOCIETY

•ownership of land

•members are organized based on status

•who own land are considered the most powerful

•peasants are considered the lowest group

6. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

•specialized machinery in the production of goods and services

•late 18th century resulted in the industrial evolution

7. POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

•establishment of societies based on knowledge

•led by human mind and highly advanced technology

•members of the society have higher educational attainment

HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS

NORMS- set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable and
encourage to pass on to other members.

LAWS- more formal and stringents norms that establish and define
acceptable behavior of citizen. Also prescribe the consequences or penalties
that will be imposed.

FOLKWAYS- are less formal norms that arise form tradition and do not
resulted in punishment when violated.

SOCIAL SYSTEM- is the interaction of two or more individuals in a border


situation.

- Exist within a family, a team, a political party, or any social structure.

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