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    PPT-Seismic-Waves-Updated

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    PPT-Seismic-Waves-Updated

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    6 views16 pages

    PPT-Seismic-Waves-Updated

    Uploaded by

    kristineangelita

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Seismic Waves

    Seismic waves are waves of energy that


    travel through Earth’s layers, and are a
    result of earthquakes.
    • Seismic waves move outward in all directions away from their
    source.
    • Each type of seismic wave travels at different speeds in different
    materials.
    • All seismic waves travel through rock, but not all travel
    through liquid or gas.
    • Geologists study seismic waves to learn about earthquakes
    and the Earth’s interior.
    Two major types of seismic waves:

    • BODY WAVES - waves that travels through the interior layers


    of the earth. (from the focus to the distant
    point on the surface)

    • SURFACE WAVES - waves that travel along the ground surface.


    BODY WAVES
    Body waves are waves that travels through the interior layers of
    the earth. (from the focus to the distant point on the surface)

    Two types of body waves:


    • Primary wave (P wave or compressional wave)

    • Secondary wave (S wave or shear wave)


    • Primary wave (P wave or compressional wave)

    - Is the fastest traveling wave (Travel between 4-8 km/s in the


    surrounding rocks.)
    - They are the first waves to reach a seismograph.
    - Longitudinal wave (shakes the ground in the direction they are
    propagating)
    - Causes compression and expansion of materials (P-waves squeeze and
    release rocks as they travel. The material returns to its original size
    and shape after the P-wave goes by. For this reason, P-waves are not
    the most damaging earthquake waves. P-)
    - Propagation medium: Can travel in both solid and liquid materials.
    • Secondary wave (S wave or shear wave)

    - Travel relatively slower than the P waves (around 2-4 km/s)


    - They are the second waves to reach a seismograph.
    - Transverse wave (Shake the ground perpendicular to the direction
    of propagation)
    - S-waves move up and down. They change the rock’s shape as they
    travel.
    - Propagation medium: can only travel through solid materials.
    SURFACE WAVES
    • Surface waves travels along the surface of the ground (outward
    from an earthquake’s epicenter).
    • Surface waves are the slowest of all seismic waves. They
    travel at 2.5 km per second.
    • Surface waves are the slowest, but they do the most damage in
    an earthquake.
    Two types of surface waves:
    • Love waves

    • Rayleigh wave
    • Love waves

    - Create a side-to-side motion (like a wriggling snake)


    - Causing the ground to twist from side to side.
    • Rayleigh waves

    - Create a rolling up-and down motion.


    • Love waves

    • Rayleigh wave
    * Earthquakes that are happening deep
    within the surface usually do NOT
    generate surface waves.
    SUMMARY

    Body waves Surface


    travels through waves that
    the interior travel along
    Body waves layers of the
    Surface waves the ground
    earth. surface.

    P wave S wave Love wave Rayleigh


    wave

    Is the fastest traveling wave Travel relatively slower than the


    (Travel between 4-8 km/s in the P waves (around 2-4 km/s) Create a side- Create a rolling
    surrounding rocks.) They are the to-side motion up-and down
    They are the second waves to
    first waves to reach a seismograph. (like a motion.
    reach a seismograph.
    wriggling
    Causes compression and expansion snake)
    of materials S-waves move up and down.

    Propagation medium: Can travel Propagation medium: can only


    in both solid and liquid materials. travel through solid materials.
    Activity: Answer the following questions.

    P waves
    Surface waves

    Solid and Liquid

    Solid only
    Seismic waves and the
    Earth’s Interior
    • Studying the patterns and behavior of seismic waves
    gives geologist an idea of the composition of the Earth.

    • Most of the knowledge about Earth’s interior was


    obtained by observing how seismic waves behave as
    they propagate during an earthquake.

    *Seismology – is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves


    that move through and around the earth
    Studying the behavior of seismic waves, scientists
    concluded that layers exist in different phases. The
    crust, the mantle, and the inner core are believed to
    be solid, while the outer core is liquid.

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