Flip Book General (1)

Scientific Revolution Tab
Ptolemaic vs Copernican models

Key scientists and discoveries
Scientific method and Church-science
conflicts
Role of the printing press in disseminating
scientific ideas
Transformations in Thought: The Renaissance,
Reformation, and Scientific Revolution
Exploring Key Ideas, Movements, and Their Impacts
Ptolemaic vs. Copernican
Models
Ptolemaic (Geocentric): Earth is at the center.
Copernican (Heliocentric): Sun is at the center.
Revolutionary Thinkers
Galileo Galilei: Telescope observations (e.g.,
Jupiter’s moons).
Johannes Kepler: Laws of planetary motion (elliptical
orbits).
Isaac Newton: Laws of motion and universal
gravitation.
A New Way of Thinking
Shift from tradition to evidence-based inquiry.
Scientific Method
Conflicts Between Science
and Religion
Galileo’s trial for heliocentrism.
The Church’s initial resistance to new ideas.
Challenging the Church
Causes: Corruption, sale of indulgences.
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses.
Spread of Protestant ideas via printing press.
Reforming the Church
Council of Trent: Addressed
corruption and reaffirmed Catholic
doctrines.
Jesuits: Missionary efforts and
education.
The Role of the Printing Press
Bible translations (e.g., Luther’s German Bible).
Widespread dissemination of religious ideas.
A Revival of Ideas
Humanism: Focus on human potential and achievements.
Classical revival: Rediscovery of Greek and Roman texts.
New Artistic Techniques
Perspective: Depth in paintings (e.g., da Vinci’s The Last Supper).
Realism: Anatomical accuracy (e.g., Michelangelo’s David).
The Spread of Learning
Emphasis on liberal arts and classical

languages.
New schools for the elite.
Johannes Gutenberg's Invention (1448) Transformation of Book Production
● German goldsmith from Mainz developed ● Shift from labor-intensive hand-copying and
the first successful movable-type printing block printing.
press. ● Mass production of books made them
● Considered one of the most important affordable and accessible to the common
inventions in human history. people.
The Gutenberg Bible (1455)
Technological Innovations
● First major book printed using movable type
● Created movable metal type using lead,
in Europe.
antimony, and tin.
● Printed in Latin; 200 copies produced with
● Developed a suitable oil-based ink for
beautiful illustrations.
printing on handmade paper.
● Only 22 original copies are known to exist
● Adapted a wine press to function as a
today.
printing press.
Legacy:
Impact on Society
Despite earlier claims of movable type in
● Democratization of knowledge: widespread access to books. other cultures, Gutenberg's press was the
● Facilitated the spread of literacy, education, and new ideas. first to have a revolutionary global impact.
● Instrumental in the Protestant Reformation by enabling personal
interpretation of the Bible. Paved the way for advancements in science,
● Contributed to the transition from the Medieval era to the Early Modern education, and culture worldwide.
period.
Impact on Literacy and Communication
Growth of literacy across Europe.
Rapid spread of new ideas (Renaissance, Reformation, science).

Challenges to Religious Authority
Protestant Reformation weakened Catholic dominance.
Rise of nation-states (e.g., England’s Church under Henry VIII).

New Centers of Power
Universities as hubs for scientific and intellectual growth.
Adaptation to new discoveries.

New Social Structures
Trade and urbanization led to a growing middle class.
Increased opportunities for social mobility.

Cities as Cultural Hubs
Growth of cities like Florence and
London.
Centers of trade, learning, and culture.
Wealth-Culture Cycle
The Spread of Ideas
Vernacular literature: Accessible to ordinary people.
Exchange of knowledge through trade and
exploration.
Lasting Legacies
Effects on art, religion,
science, and education.
Foundations for the
Enlightenment and
modern world.
Connecting the Dots
Recap key themes:
Renaissance, Reformation,
Scientific Revolution, Printing
Press.
Reflection: How these
changes shaped modern
thought.
Renaissance Ideas Tab
Humanism and classical revival
New artistic techniques and secular themes
Changes in education and focus on human
potential
Printing press’s role in spreading humanist
texts
Printing Revolution Tab
Impact on literacy, book production, and
communication
Economic and social transformations
Spread of ideas across movements
Authority Shifts Tab
Challenges to Church authority
(Reformation, science)
Political transformations (nation-states,
Henry VIII)
Universities and new centers of knowledge
Social Changes Tab
Middle class emergence and social
mobility
Urbanization and economic
changes
Education opportunities
Religious Change Tab
Protestant Reformation and Bible
translations
Catholic Counter-Reformation responses
Religious authority challenges
Printing press’s role in spreading religious
ideas
Cultural Impact Tab
Vernacular literature and classical
revival
Knowledge distribution and cultural
exchange
Long-term transformations

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Scientific Revolution Tab

Ptolemaic vs Copernican models

Emphasis on liberal arts and classical

Rapid spread of new ideas (Renaissance, Reformation, science).

Rise of nation-states (e.g., England’s Church under Henry VIII).

Adaptation to new discoveries.

Increased opportunities for social mobility.

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