M104R-Sec 13-4 (1)

2021-2022 Spring Term
MATH 104R Calculus for Engineering II Recitation

Textbook: Thomas’ Calculus, Early Transcendentals, 14th edition, 2019
EXERCISES
Section 13.4 The Chain Rule
page 1, MATH 104R Spring 2022

Summary

Exercise 6. Let w = z − sin(xy ), x = t, y = ln t, z = e t−1 .
(a) Express dw
dt as a function of t, both by using the Chain Rule and by
expressing w in terms of t and differentiating directly with respect to t.
Differentiation rule: (sin u)′ = (cos u)u ′
A) We use the Chain Rule for three intermediate variables:
dw ∂w dx ∂w dy ∂w dz
= + +
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt ∂z dt
∂w ∂w ∂w
▶ The partial derivatives ∂x , ∂y , ∂z are
∂w ∂w ∂w
= −y cos(xy ), = −x cos(xy ), =1
∂x ∂y ∂z
dx dy dz
▶ The ordinary derivatives dt , dt , dt are
dx dy 1 dz
= 1, = , = e t−1
dt dt t dt
▶ From the Chain Rule:
dw 1
= − y cos(xy ) 1 + − x cos(xy ) + 1 e t−1
dt t
1 t−1
= −(ln t) cos(t ln t) − At cos(t ln t) + e
At
= e t−1 − (1 + ln t) cos(t ln t)
B) We first express w in terms of t and then differentiate

with respect to t:
w = z − sin(xy ), x = t, y = ln t, z = e t−1
w = e t−1 − sin(t ln t)
dw 1
= e t−1 − cos(t ln t) · (At · + ln t) = e t−1 − (1 + ln t) cos(t ln t)
dt At
dw
(b) Evaluate dt at t = 1.
At t = 1 we have
dw 0 0
= e 0 − (1 +
ln
1 ) cos (1)(
* 1 ) = 1 − cos 0 = 1 − 1 = 0
ln
*
dt t=1

Exercise 8. Let z = tan−1 ( yx ), x = u cos v , y = u sin v .
∂z ∂z
(a) Express ∂u and ∂v as functions of u and v both by using the Chain Rule and
by expressing z directly in terms of u and v before differentiating.
A) We use the Chain Rule for two intermediate variables:
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= + , = +
∂u ∂x ∂u ∂y ∂u ∂v ∂x ∂v ∂y ∂v
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y
The partial derivatives ∂x , ∂y , ∂u , ∂v , ∂u , ∂v are
∂z 1 1 ∂z 1 x
= x 2 · , = x 2 · − 2
∂x 1 + (y ) y ∂y 1 + (y ) y
∂x ∂x
= cos v , = −u sin v
∂u ∂v
∂y ∂y
= sin v , = u cos v
∂u ∂v

From the Chain Rule:
∂z 1 1 1 −x
= · (cos v ) + · (sin v )
∂u 1 + ( yx )2 y 1 + ( yx )2 y2
y cos v x sin v (u sin v )(cos v ) − (u cos v )(sin v )
= − = =0
x2 + y2 x2 + y2 u2
∂z 1 1 1 −x
= · (−u sin v ) + · (u cos v )
∂v 1 + ( yx )2 y 1 + ( yx )2 y2
yu sin v xu cos v
= − − 2
x2 + y2 x + y2
−(u sin v )(u sin v ) − (u cos v )(u cos v )
= = −(sin2 v + cos2 )v = −1
u2
B) We express z directly in terms of u and v before differentiating:

z = tan−1 ( yx ),

x = u cos v , y = u sin v
x u cos v
z = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( A ) = tan−1 (cot v )
y u
A sin v
∂z ∂z 1 −1
= 0, = · (− csc2 v ) = = −1
∂u ∂v 1 + cot2 v sin2 v + cos2 v
∂z ∂z
(b) Evaluate ∂u and ∂v at the point (u, v ) = (1.3, π6 ).
At the point (u, v ) = (1.3, π6 ) we have ∂z
∂u = 0, ∂z
∂v = −1
Exercise 24. Let w = g (x, y ), x = h(r , s, t), y = k(r , s, t). Draw a
∂w
dependency diagram and write a Chain Rule formula for the derivative ∂s .
The dependency diagram is

w = g (x, y )
∂w ∂w
∂x ∂y
x y
∂x ∂y
∂s ∂s
∂w
The chain rule for ∂s is
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂g ∂h ∂g ∂k
= + = +
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s

Exercise 29. Assuming that the equation (x 3 − y 4 )6 + ln(x 2 + y ) = 1
defines y as a differentiable function of x, use Theorem 8 to find the value of
dy /dx at the point (−1, 0).
Take F (x, y ) = (x 3 − y 4 )6 + ln(x 2 + y ) − 1
The equation becomes F (x, y ) = 0
The first-order partial derivatives Fx and Fy are

2x 1
Fx = 18x 2 (x 3 − y 4 )5 + , Fy = −24y 3 (x 3 − y 4 )5 +
x2 + y x2 + y
We use the rule in Theorem 8 to find dy /dx
dy Fx 18x 2 (x 3 − y 4 )5 + x 22x+y
=− =−
dx Fy −24y 3 (x 3 − y 4 )5 + x 21+y
So
dy −18 − 2
=− = 20
dx (−1,0) 1
Exercise 44. Assume that z = (f (x, y ))2 , x = g (t), y = h(t),
fx (1, 0) = −1, fy (1, 0) = 1, and f (1, 0) = 2. If g (3) = 1, h(3) = 0, g ′ (3) = −3
and h′ (3) = 4, find dz
dt .
t=3
dz
We apply the Chain Rule to find dt as follows:
dz dz df (x, y )
=
dt d(f (x, y )) dt
h ∂f (x, y ) dx ∂f (x, y ) dy i
= 2f (x, y ) +
∂x dt ∂y dt
h i
= 2f (x, y ) fx (x, y )g ′ (t) + fy (x, y )h′ (t)
At t = 3 we have x = 1, y = 0 and
dz h i
= 2f (1, 0) fx (1, 0)g ′ (3) + fy (1, 0)h′ (3) ,
dt t=3
= 2(2)[(−1)(−3) + (1)(4)] = 28

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2021-2022 Spring Term

MATH 104R Calculus for Engineering II Recitation

page 1, MATH 104R Spring 2022

page 2, MATH 104R Spring 2022

A) We use the Chain Rule for three intermediate variables:

B) We first express w in terms of t and then differentiate

page 5, MATH 104R Spring 2022

page 6, MATH 104R Spring 2022

B) We express z directly in terms of u and v before differentiating:

The dependency diagram is

page 8, MATH 104R Spring 2022

Take F (x, y ) = (x 3 − y 4 )6 + ln(x 2 + y ) − 1

The equation becomes F (x, y ) = 0

The first-order partial derivatives Fx and Fy are

page 10, MATH 104R Spring 2022

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