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11 views

Introduction (2)

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aminasafrin23
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Fundamentals, Internet & MS Office

Introduction
• The word computer comes from the word
“compute” which means to calculate.
• Computer is an Electronic device capable of
accepting the data through the input device,
process the data and produce the result to
the output world.
• Converts data into information.
• Computer is also called data processor
because it can store, process and retrieve
data whenever desired.
• Modern computers are digital
– Computers that work by using numbers
– Two digits combine to make data (0, 1)
• The activity of processing data using
computer is called data processing.
• Data is raw material used as input and
information is processed data obtained as
output of data processing.
Parts of a Computer System

• A complete computer system includes four


distinct parts:
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• User
A computer's hardware consists of
electronic devices; the parts you can see
and touch.
The mechanical device that makeup the
computer are called hardware.
The term "device" refers to any piece of
hardware used by the computer, such as
a keyboard, monitor, modem, mouse, etc.
Software – also called programs –
consists of organized sets of instructions
for controlling the computer.

Some programs exist for the computer's


use, to help to manage its own tasks and
devices.

Other programs exist for the user, and


enable the computer to perform tasks for
you, such as creating documents.
Data consists of raw facts, which the
computer can manipulate and process
into information that is useful to people.
Computerized data is digital, meaning
that it has been reduced to digits, or
numbers. The computer stores and reads
all data as numbers.
Although computers use data in digital
form, they convert data into forms that
people can understand, such as text,
numerals, sounds, and images.
History of Development of Computers
• Early humans counted on their fingers- Evolution of base
10 numbering system.
• 3000 years ago- the first calculating mechanism ABACUS
was invented.
• Beads represent digits
• Rods represent places- units, tens, hundreds and higher
multiples of ten.
• In 1617 – John Napier invented a machine consisted of a
set of numbered rods for doing multiplications. Each rod
contained digits from 1 to 9.
• In 1642- Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline, the first
mechanical calculating machine.
• This machine had a number of teeth and wheels connected
together by chains.
• Numbers were fed in to the machine by dialing them on
the wheels. It could add and do multiplications.
• In 1671- Gottfried Leibrietzi modified or improved the
Pascals machine called Step Reckoner.
• It could add, subtract, multiply, divide and evaluate square
root.
• In 1810 – Joseph Jacquard invented Jacquard’s
Loom
• It emphasized three computer
concepts
1. Instructions
Used Punched cards
2. Simple Program
Series of Instructions
3. Automate Job
Because of program
• Charles Babbage known
as the Father of
Computers designed a
Difference Engine in
1822.
• In 1832 he designed
Analytical Engine with
an automatic computing
mechanism.
• This machine could store
data in memory, which
became the base of
Modern Computers.
• Herman Hollerith- in 1890 invented a Tabulating Machine
by using punch cards for the census in USA.
• The cards used to have holes for different answers
• When these cards passed through this machine, the
machine could detect holes on cards, recognize numbers
and it would make required calculations.
• During Second world war, Computers were utilized in
military operations for decoding secret messages and
creating designs for aircrafts.(1930-1939)
• They were nick named as Z1 and Z2 machines.
• In 1940 IBM had made a computer and named it Harvard
Mark-I.
• It worked electro mechanically without any manual efforts.
• It was a first computer and was also called Automatic
Sequence Controlled Computer(ASCC)
• Alan Turing worked on colossus computer in 1943.
• Used in world war II for cracking German codes
• In 1946, ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator) computer was developed John Mauchly and
Presper Eckert.
• This was the first electronic computer to go into operation
• EDVAC – John Von Neumann- Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer was the next series
• This was the first electronic computer to use the stored
program concept.
• Based on his concept, all computers process data by
carrying out four specific activities
– Input data
– Store Data
– Process Data
– Output Data
• This initiated the modern computer era

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