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hough_transform

image processing

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nikitamandhan.vis
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19 views

hough_transform

image processing

Uploaded by

nikitamandhan.vis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Edge Linking & Boundary detection

Set of pixels from edge detecting


algorithms, seldom define a boundary
completely because of noise, breaks in
the boundary etc.
Therefore, Edge detecting algorithms
are typically followed by linking and
other detection procedures, designed to
assemble edge pixels into meaningful
boundaries.
2 types – local and global
Local

Analyse the characteristics of pixels


in a small neighbourhood ( 3x3, or
5x5 ) about every point that has
undergone edge detection. All points
that are similar are linked, forming a
boundary of pixels that share some
common properties.
Local

2 principal properties for


establishing similarity of edge
pixels:-

• strength of the response of the


gradient operator used to
produce the edge pixel
Local
• direction of the gradient.
A point in the predefined neighbourhood
of (x,y) is linked to the pixel at (x,y) if
both magnitude and direction criteria are
satisfied. This process is repeated for
every location in the image.
cal Processing – Example to find license pla

Original image
Components of Sobel
vertical operators
Components of
Sobel horizontal
operators
Linking points with:-
Gradient value > 25
Gradient directions did not differ by
more than 15%

Further Processing
Short breaks are closed
Remove isolated
segments
EDGE LINKING AND
BOUNDARY DETECTION
USING HOUGH
TRANSFORM
 The Hough transform is a technique which
can be used to isolate features of a particular
shape within an image.
 Hough transform is most
commonly used for the detection of
regular curves such as lines, circles,
ellipses, etc.
 The main advantage of the Hough
transform technique is that it is tolerant
of gaps in feature boundary descriptions
and is relatively unaffected by image
noise.
Hough

It maps a straight line y=mx+c in a


Cartesian coordinate system into a
single point in the (ρ,θ) plane or
ρ=xcos θ+ysin θ

For a point (x,y) in the Cartesian


coordinate plane , there will be an
infinite number of curves in the (ρ,θ)
plane
Hough

Cartecian xy
coordinate

(ρ,θ) parametric plan


Hough

When two points


(xi,yi)and (xj,yj) lie
on the same straigh
line , the curves in t
(xj,yj)in the Cartecian
plane will intersect a
a point
Hough

This intersection point determines


the parameter of the line that joins
these two points

Similar arguments apply for the


three collinear points
Hough

This property between Cartesian plane


and the parametric plane will be useful
in finding the line that fits points in the
xy plane
Hough

The Hough transform approach


is to find the points of
intersection in the curves ,each
of which corresponds to a line in
the Cartesian xy plane
Hough Transform

The two dimensional


parameter space is
descritized into the finite
interval
(Accumulator cell or 2D
Bins)

Expected ranges of
(ρ,θ) Each of the cells
first initialized to
zero
Hough

For each point in the cartecian image plane


compute the value of ρi for various values of
θi

ρi=x cos θi+ysin θi

If there are N collinear points lying on a line ,


we get N sinusoidal curve that intersects at
(ρi,θi) in the parametric space.

The peaks in the (ρ,θ) plane accumulator


array therefore give strong evidence of the
existence of lines in the image.
Hough

The Hough transforms can be generalized to


detect circles as described by

(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2

Now we get three parameters a,b and r to


parameterize a circle. This results in a three
dimensional accumulator array , where each
accumulator bin is indexed by a discrete value
of (a,b,r)

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