SUMMATIVE EXAM 2.3 IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE 14.

14. A hydra reproduces when an outgrowth, forms on its body and

continues to develop until it falls off from the parent. What is this kind
INSTRUCTION: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of of reproduction?
the correct answer. Write it in separate paper. A. Budding C. Sporulation
B. Fragmentation D. Binary Fission
1. What theory suggests the important relationship between ancestral
eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? 15. How does genetic variation by sexual
A. spontaneous generation C. prokaryotic theory reproduction help in the survival of the species?
B. early cellular theory D. endosymbiotic A. Increases the ability to adapt to environmental
theory changes.
B. Decreases the ability to adapt to environmental changes.
C. Makes reproduction more likely.
2. Which is the correct sequence for evolution of life on earth?
I. eukaryotic cells emerge D. Increases the number of individuals available to reproduce with.

II. anaerobic respiration develops

16. Which of the following BEST describes Genetic Engineering?
III. prokaryotic cells emerge
A. A method of copying genes
IV. pre-biotic primordial soup B. A method used in modifying the genetic make-up of an organism.
V. photosynthesis develops C. A method of cutting the DNA into shorter sequences by proteins.
D. A method used to produce a genetic copy of another individual.
A. I, III, V, II, IV C. IV, III, II, V, I
B. IV, II, III, V, I D. II, III, V, I, IV 17. Which of the following steps is NOT
3. According to the scientific theory of the origin of life on earth, life essential in producing recombinant
arose spontaneously from inanimate matter. What theory DNA?
describes the emergence of life forms from nonliving things? A. Cut out a piece of DNA from a DNA
A. Biogenesis C. Panspermia molecule.
B. Abiogenesis D. Divine Creation B. Insert a piece of DNA from one organism into the DNA another
organism.
4. Which of the following correctly sequences the order in which C. Use a restriction enzyme to cut DNA and form sticky ends.
bacterial cells appeared on Earth? D. Read the sequences of bases in a piece of DNA.
A. Aerobic bacteria, Photosynthetic bacteria, Anaerobic bacteria
B. Photosynthetic bacteria, Anaerobic bacteria, Aerobic bacteria 18. To produce transgenic bacteria that make insulin, which of the
C. Anaerobic bacteria, Photosynthetic bacteria, Aerobic bacteria following steps did scientists have to take first?
D. Aerobic bacteria, Anaerobic bacteria, Photosynthetic bacteria A. Insert the human insulin gene into a plasmid.
B. Extract the insulin from the bacterial culture.
5. The first living cells on Earth most likely __________. C. Use a restriction enzyme to cut out the insulin gene from human
DNA.
A. were heterotrophs.
D. Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid.
B. were autotrophs.
C. were capable of photosynthesis 19. DNA from a human has been inserted into a bacterial plasmid and
D. were dependent on the oxygen in the atmosphere reinserted back into the bacterium. The bacterium now contains both
human DNA and bacterial DNA. The bacterium is now considered a
6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living __________.
organisms? A. mutation B. clone C. PCR D. transge
A. reproduction C. metabolism organism
B. heredity D. movement from place to place
20. What is the best explanation why modified rice plants have become
7. Which characteristic of life refers to the creation of offspring? flood resistant?
A. Development C. Regulation A. The gene for flood resistance was inserted into plant cells, which
grew into plants whose cells are expressing this gene.
B. Order D. Reproduction
B. They were produced by fertilization, using
gametes from two flood-resistant bacterial cells.
8. The following are characteristic(s) of most living things: C. There was a mutation in the bacterial DNA after it
A. Feeding, Growth, Breathing, Excretion was inserted into the plant that caused it to be flood
B. Reproduction, Metabolism, Homeostasis resistant.
C. Respiration, Movement, Sensitivity D. The researchers used selective breeding for the flood-resistance
D. All of the above trait.

9. Which of the following criteria is necessary and 21. Some farmers currently grow genetically engineered crops. What
sufficient by itself to define life? would be an argument against the use of this technology?
A. movement C. metabolism A. it increases crop production
B. sensitivity D. all of the above B. it produces insect-resistant plants
C. its long-term effects on humans are still being investigated
10. Which statement BEST explains homeostasis? D. it always results in crops that do not taste good
A. The process in which the external temperature is kept constant.
B. The process in which the internal conditions are kept constant and 22. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of GMO through
stable. genetic engineering?
C. The process in which the body responds to the external A. farmers may need to use less pesticides
environment. B. modified cotton, corn, and soybeans have better harvest
D. The process in which internal conditions are kept within a tolerable C. can improve nutrition and taste of foods
range. D. may cause intolerance/ allergic reaction to consumers

11. Which of the following is TRUE about sexual reproduction? 23. Which of the following best describes how an organ system serves
the needs of cells?
A. Only one parent is involved.
A. The cardiovascular system pumps blood, which carries nutrients
B. Genetically identical offspring are produced. and oxygen, to cells in the body.
C. It puts animals at an evolutionary disadvantage in terms of B. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to move the
variation. body.
D. It involves the exchange of genetic material between two C. The integumentary system absorbs oxygen that is carried to cells.
individuals. D. The small intestine absorbs nutrients that are used in cell functions

12. What type of asexual reproduction undergone by flatworms? 24. How does the digestive system break down small proteins into
A. Budding B. Fragmentation C. Fission D. Regeneration amino acids?
A. by mechanical digestion in the mouth
13. Which of the following is NOT a form of asexual reproduction? B. by chemical digestion using enzymes
A. Fission B. Fertilization C. Budding D. Fragmentation C. by mechanical digestion of chyme
D. by chemical digestion in the esophagus
 SUMMATIVE EXAM 2.4 IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE 13. The close similarity of some modern species to
those living 390 million years ago suggests that
INSTRUCTION: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of _____________.
the correct answer. Write it in separate paper. A. Darwin’s theory of evolution was incorrect.
B. natural selection does not take place in burrowing animals.
1. Which of the following statements describes the role of the C. shells do not evolve.
nervous system in catching a baseball? D. some species evolve more slowly than others.
A. It provides structure for arm muscles. 14. If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary
B. It tells arm and hand muscles to contract. sense, then one should expect that _____________.
C. It releases adrenaline and prepares the student to run. A. they should share fewer homologous structures than two more
D. It provides energy to arm muscles. closely related organisms.
2. How does the skin help regulate body temperature? B. their chromosomes should be very similar.
A. by enabling excess heat to escape from the body C. they shared a common ancestor relatively recently.
B. through perspiration when the weather becomes warmer D. they should be members of the same genus.
C. through removing wastes from the body 15. Ostriches and penguins are examples of flightless birds. These
D. by blocking information about the environment species are closely related to robins, hawks, and other birds that use
3. What is the function of the testes in the male reproductive system? their wings for flight. What is most likely the reason ostriches and
penguins do not have the gift of flight?
A. The testes produce sperms and testosterone.
A. They both are too dumb to fly
B. The testes regulate the development of female characteristics.
B. They both can fly but choose not to
C. The testes transfer sperms to the female’s body.
C. Their ancestors occupy niches in their
D. The testes transfer sperms to the urethra.
ecosystems that don’t require flight
4. How do the Nervous and Digestive System work together? D. D. They become heavy as they grow
A. The Nervous System tells the Digestive System what to take in.
16. The finches (a kind of bird) in the Galapagos
B. The Digestive System tells the Nervous System when you are islands come in different size and have different beak
hungry. shapes depending on the island in which they live.
C. The brain controls how you digest your food and tell when you are What is the most likely reason for the specialization of
hungry. these finches?
D. The Nervous System is part of the Digestive System. A. Had very large beaks
5. The following is an example of which two systems working together: B. Ancestors had different shapes of beaks
"The small intestine absorbs nutrients from our food, and they are C. Beaks transformed to accommodate available
carried through the blood to the cells." foods
A. Digestive and Circulatory C. Digestive and Skeletal D. Had small beaks
B. Digestive and Respiratory D. Digestive and Nervous 17. Which of the following is not true of environmental resistance
6. What are the two primary body systems involved in getting oxygen to factors?
our cells?
A. They can limit the number of individuals in a population.
A. digestive and skeletal C. skeletal and respiratory
B. They can affect the health of individuals in a population.
B. respiratory and circulatory D. respiratory and digestive
7. A caterpillar feeds on the leaves of plants. Which C. They can improve the reproduction rate in a population.
two body systems work together to make the D. They can raise the death rate in a population.
nutrients present in the food available to the 18. What is biotic potential?
caterpillar’s body? A. The maximum rate of reproduction of a species when there are no
A. digestive and circulatory limitations in food and environmental resistance is minimal.
B. digestive and skeletal B. How many biotic environmental resistance factors there are in a
C. muscular and nervous particular area.
D. muscular and respiratory C. The carrying capacity of an area.
8. Which two body systems work together to help a person move? D. The number of species in an area.
A. skeletal system and muscular system 19. What may cause exponential growth in population of organisms in
B. nervous system and digestive system the ecosystem?
C. circulatory system and respiratory system A. a fixed carrying capacity C. no environmental resistance
D. circulatory system and excretory system B. a great environmental resistance D. no biotic potential
9. Why do new traits evolve and develop? 20. What determine/s the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
A. selection can anticipate future environmental changes. A. population growth B. birthrate C. deathrate
B. mutation and recombination during sexual reproduction produce D. limiting resources
new genotypes. 21. If a population for a certain organism is above the carrying capacity
C. selection can act on the expression of existing traits in new of an ecosystem, which of the following is a plausible outcome?
tissue/organs or at new developmental periods leading to novel A. The population will continue to grow because they will start
functions. migrating to other ecosystems.
D. The last two (B and C) are both reasons why selection can lead to B. The population will decline, as there is a limited number of
new traits. resources in the ecosystem.
10. How do fossils support the theory of evolution? C. The population will decline because there will be an increase in
A. fossil organisms are found in different layers of rocks. predators.
B. fossil organisms have features in common with present-day D. The population will continue to grow until biotic potential is reached.
organisms. 22. Which following factor in an ecosystem does sunlight, water,
C. present-day organisms have evolved from fossil organisms. temperature, and nutrients in soil belong?
D. adaptation to the environment by fossil organisms caused the A. Biotic factor B. Abiotic factor
development of new species. C. Physical factor D. Chemical factor
11. Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, 23. Predators such as wolves and coyotes - and even bears - are
and dolphin flippers contain many of the same moving closer and closer to highly populated areas. This is posing
bones, these bones having developed from very an increased danger to people, so predator populations are being
similar embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret reduced in number.
these similarities? A. prey will also be reduced C. prey will overpopulate the ecosystem
A. by identifying the bones as being homologous structures B. prey will be kept in check D. prey will have abundant food source
B. by inferring their evolutionary relationship
C. by proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common 24. Which of the following is NOT an example of environmental
ancestor resistance?
D. D. All of the choices A. Climate change, drought, minimal water supply
12. Which of the following is the BEST evidence that species change B. Diseases affecting populations of organisms
over time? C. Overwhelming presence of predators
A. The convergence in form of functionally similar organs in distantly
D. The ability to reproduce exponentially
related species.
B. The existence of fossils of extinct species that share characteristics
with existing taxa
C. The occurrence of large groups of similar species that is able to
coexist in stable communities
D. The increase in numbers of closely related fossils species during a
relatively short period of time