Handout

Licensure is the term to describe those healthcare professionals who are qualified at the
level of MS.c. only
True
False
Correctly constructed mission statement should communicate a sense of intended
direction to the entire organization
True
False
The graphical representation of an organizational structure is known as
A-Institutional council
B- Hierarchy chart
C- Step-wedge plan
D- Graphical presentation
4- An organizational chart can provide quick understanding of
A-All of the above
B- Where each employee fits
C- The number of organizational levels
D- None of the above
5- Vision, is the effect while a Mission is the cause; a mission is something to be
accomplished whereas a vision is something to be pursued for that accomplishment
True
False
6- Correctly constructed mission statement should clearly state which sectors will be served
and how
True
False
7- To improve the health of population in Bahrain by partnership with stakeholders, in order
to provide accessible, responsive high quality service for all through their life time. This the
...... of the Ministry of Health in Bahrain
A- Vision
B- Mission
C- Direction
D- correction
Pregnancy must be checked before any radiological examination involving the use of
ionizing radiations for all
A-Females of reproductive age
B- males of 20+ years of age
C- males of reproductive age
D- Females of 20+ years of age
The radiology department provides
A-Diagnostic service
B- Therapeutic service
C- Palliative service
D-open heart intervention
Radiology service requests can be initiated by
A-Qualified physiotherapists
B- Qualified physicists
C- any healthcare worker
D- Qualified physicians

Responsibilities of the radiographer towards the patient are divided into

A-Physical , Clinical , legal
B- Medical , Ethical , physical
C- Clinical, Ethical , Medical
D- Clinical, Ethical, legal
A professional person who provides services to the patient with the aid of imaging
modalities and equipment in accordance to the physician's orders
A-Radiographer
B- Photographer
C- Lithographer
D- Ethnographer
Medically qualified physician who is specialized in the field of medical imaging his
responsibilities includes the interpretation of medical images and make a diagnosis
A-Radiology pathologist
B-Technologist
C-Diagnostic Audiologist
D-Radiologist
4- Describe the role of the radiographer (written)
The role of the radiographer is to provide diagnostic radiographic images using safe radiation
practices for patients and staff. A radiographer does not diagnose a radiograph, that is the
responsibility of the radiologist, but he/she must be able to identify any pathological
problem or medical abnormality presented on the image.
The profession of producing medical images of the body tissues and bones with the aid of
X-rays is known as
A- Diagnostic Audiologist
B- Radiobiology
C-Radiotherapy
D- Radiography
After graduating with BS.c. (Bachelor Degree) in diagnostic radiography you will be called
diagnostic radiologic technologist
True
False
Define a Radiographer (written)
A radiographer is a professional person who provides services to the patient with the aid of
imaging modalities and equipment in accordance to the physician’s orders.
Define A Radiologist is (written)
A medically qualified physician who is specialized in the field of medical imaging will
interpret the images and make a diagnosis

_______ Care Provides care either in skilled nursing facilities or in the home for those in
need of long-term care, chronic care, hospice care, or personal care (written)
Continuing Care
The radiographer; Must have some knowledge of different procedures in patient care
including pathology, disease process, and first aid to deal with emergencies
A-Legal Responsibility
B- Clinical Responsibility
C- Medical Responsibility
D- Ethical Responsibility
The prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental
and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health
professions is known as
A-Interventional education
B- Interventional care
C- Health education
D- Health care
Should provide the radiologist, and the physician with all of the information they have
relative to the radiologic diagnosis or patient management
A-Legal Responsibility
B- Clinical Responsibility
C- Medical Responsibility
D- Ethical Responsibility
________ Care Provides intermediate follow-up care after medical or surgical treatment.
Provides rehabilitative care and home care for those in need. (written)
Restorative Care
Ethics are the morbidity principles or values with respect to a profession
True
False
Medical records are used to transmit information about the patient from one health care
provider to another
True
False
Must report immediately any accident that occurs in the radiology department to the
chief Technologist for further action and inquiry
A-Legal Responsibility
B- Clinical Responsibility
C- Medical Responsibility
D- Ethical Responsibility
If the patient runs into an acquaintance working in the X-Ray department as a clerk or
technologist, he/she should assume that information about his/her health can be exposed to
all
True
False
A systematic documentation of a patient personal information, medical history and care
A-Medical records
B- Health care
C-Medical care
D- Licensure
Medical records are used to protect the parent provider from medical errors and
duplication of treatments
True
False
______ Care Provides early detection of illness and provides routine out-patient care
(written)
Primary Care
________Care Educates health people in methods of maintaining their health and
preventing illness(written)
Preventive Care
Ethics imply rules or standards that govern the professional conduct as it relates to the
patient, colleagues, and other members of the allied professions
True
False
-The right to courteous service indicates that the patient's modesty will be appreciated
and respected
True
False
-The person who is holding the patient must always wear a protective apron and, if
possible, protective gloves
True
False
-Examination of the pelvis and lower abdomen of pregnant patients should done
whenever possible, especially during the first trimester
True
False

Chapter1
-Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of
A- Matter
B- Energy
C- Gravity
D- Radiation
-A primary, distinguishing characteristic of matter is
A-frequency
B-velocity
C-viscocity
D-mass

- The biggest source of man-made ionizing radiation exposure to the public is

A-Atomic fallout
B- Smoke detectors
C- Nuclear power plants
D-Diagnostic X-rays
- Matter is measured in
A- Electron volts
B- Joules
C-Rems
D- Kilograms
- The energy that is contained within the nucleus is
A-Potential energy
B-Nuclear energy
C-Thermal energy
D-Kinetic energy
- Ice and steam are examples of two forms of
A-Matter
B- Radiation
C-Work
D-Energy
- Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of
A- Nuclear energy
B-Electrical energy
C- Electromagnetic energy
D- Thermal energy
- Natural environmental radiation results in an annual dose of approximately
A-3 microsieverts
B- 3 Sieverts
C- 3 millisieverts
D- 0.3 millisieverts
- Radiation is
A- Energy stored in the electron shell
B- Energy emitted and transferred through space
C- The ability to add a neutron
D- The ability to eject a neutron
- Potential energy is
A- Anything that occupies space
B- The energy that is contained within the nucleus
C- The ability to do work
D- The energy released from chemical reaction
- What is the removal of an electron from an atom called?
A- Electricity
B- ionization
C- Pair production
D-Irradiation
- ionizing radiation is capable of removing ________ from atoms as it passes through the
matter
A-Electrons
B-Neutrons
C-ions
D-Protons
- Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is called
A- X-ray tube
B- Irradiated
C-X-ray image
D- Fogged
- X-Rays were discovered on 8th November of
A- 1985
B- 1986
C- 1995
D- 1895
- Energy is measured in unit of
A- Liters
B- Joules
C- Kilograms
D- All of the above
- moving object example of
A- Potential energy
B- Electromagnetic energy
C-Nuclear energy
D-Kinetic energy
- The diameter of a blood cell is approximately 10 micrometers. How many meters is that
A-0.00001m
B- 0.001m
C- 0.000001m
D-0.0001m

- How many kilovolts equal to 73000 V

A-730 kV
B-370 kV
C- 37 kV
D- 73 kV
-The kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons during ionization and
excitation
A-Conduction
B-Radiologic unit
C-Air Kerma
D-Numeric Prefix
-_______ is a special quantity of radiologic science
A-Mass
B- Velocity
C- Radioactivity
D- Momentum
-In the United States, we are exposed to ______ mR/year of ionizing radiation from the
natural environment.
a. 0-5
b. 5-20
c. 20-90
d. 100-300
-The basic measurable quantities are
A-Velocity, viscosity, mass
B-Velocity, length, mass
C-Viscosity, length, mass
D-Time, length, mass
-One development that helped reducing the exposure time was the use of a fluorescent
intensifying screen in conjunction with the glass photographic plates
True
False
-Aprons and gloves worn by radiologists and radiologic technologists during fluoroscopy
and some radiographic procdures are
A-Barium coated
B-Aluminium-impregnated
C-Cesium coated
D-Lead-impregnated

Energy is defined as the ability to do work

TRUE
FALSE
-The SI unit of effective dose is :
Sievert
- The unit of quantity of radioactive material
A- Bq
B- kV
C- Sv
D- Gy

-Air Kerma is the unit of radiation absorbed dose

TRUE
FALSE
kinetic and potential energy are examples of Mechanical Energy
True
False
-Energy is measured in:
a. Kilograms
b. joules
c. electron volts
d. B or C
- The formula E=mc2 is the basis for the theory that led to the development of____
a. x-rays
b. electromagnetic radiation
c. nuclear power
d. cathode ray tubes
-All of these are ways of heat transfer expect
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. waves
- What does ALARA mean?
a. All Level Alert Radiation Accident
b. As Low As Reasonably Achievable
c. Always Leave A Restricted Area
d. As Low As Regulations Allow
- Computed tomography was developed in the _____.
a. 1890's
b. 1920's
c. 1970's
d. 1990's
-Filtration is inserted into the x-ray tube housing so that low-energy rays are absorbed
before they reach the patient. These x-rays have little diagnostic value
True
False
-The radiographic or CT control console is always located infront of the protective barrier
True
False
- he positive ion and it's negatively charged and separated electron in ionization are known as an
___________
Ion Pair
- Gray (Gyt) is the unit of radiation absorbed dose
True
False
fluoroscopy was developed by the american inventor Thomas A. Edison on
A-1989
B-1889
C-1898
D-1998

-An object with mass 0.75 kg fell from a high building, the buildings highest point is 45
meters, while the object fell from a balcony which is just 9 meters highest point, what is the
object’s impact velocity? (g = 10 m/s2)
m= 0.75kg g=10 h=9
PE=mgh
= 0.75 x 10x 9 = 67.5
PE=KE
KE= 0.5 mv^2
67.5 = 0.5 x 0.75 x v^2
67.5 = 0.375 v^2
180 = v^2
13.4 = v

chapter2
The term "atom" was first used by the
a. Ethiopians
b. British
c. Greek
d. Romans
- four basic essences according to greeks
wet, dry, hot, and cold

The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was
a. J. J. Thomson
b. John Dalton
c. Dmitri Mendeleev
d Niels Bohr
-The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is a(n)
a. neutron
b. proton
c. electron
d. atom
-The periodic table of the elements was developed by in the late 19th centtuy
a. Bohr
b. Rutherford
c. Mendeleev
Roentgen
Rutherford's experiments in 1911 showed that the atcmn was composed of
a. electrons With well-defined orbits
b. a nucleus with an electron cloud
c. electrified plum pudding
d. a ball of hooks and eyes
6. A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined
«bits is the model of the atom
a. Bohr
b. "Thomson
c. Rutherford
d. Dalton
7. What are the fundamental particles of an
a. Quark. positron. negatron
b. Nucleon. electron, proton
c. Proton. neutron. quark
d. Proton, electron, neutron
The chemical element is determined by the number of in the
a. protons
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. nucleons
the number of the shell is known as the _________ _________ __________ (k=1, l=2,
m=3, etc)
Principal quantum number
-all soft metals that combine readily with oxygen and react violently with water.
Alkali metals
-An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of
a. one
b. zero
c. positive
d. nehative
ANS: B
10. The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their
a. atomic numb ers
b. atomic mass units
c. shells
d. isotopes
When an atom has the same number of protons as another, but a different number of neutrons,
it is called an
a. isomer
b. isobar
c. isotone
d. isotope
13. An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is a(n)
a. ion
b. molecule
c. isotope
The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with
the formula
A-2n
B-2n^2
C-2/n
D-2/n^2
-No outer shell contain more than ____ electrons
A-6
B-12
C-5
D-8
-The force that keep electrons in there orbit is
Centripetal force
-A neutral atom has the same number of and electrons.
a. quarks
b. neutrinos
c. neutrons
d protons
The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter
A-J
B-K
C-L
D-M
The shell number of an atom is called the
A-alpha particle
B-chemical element
C- principal quantum number
D-half-life number
-The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter
A-A
B-X
C-Z
D-n
Aluminum has an atomic number of 13. How many protons does it have
A-13
B-26
C-27
D-None of the above
-Two identical atoms which exist at different energy states are called
A-isotopes
B-isomers
C-isotones
D-isobar
atoms that have different numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons but the same
total number of nucleons
A-isotopes
B-isomers
C-isotones
D-isobar
-The atomic number of molybdenum is 42 and the atomic mass number is 98. How many
neutrons does it have?
A-42
B-98
C-21
D-56
-A chemical compound is any quantity of
A- one type of atom
B- one type of molecule
C- two types of molecules
D- two or more types of atoms
-During beta emission, an atom releases
A-electrons
B- positrons
C- protons
D- neutrons
The only difference between x-rays and gamma rays is their
A- energy
B- size
C- origin
D- name
-The only difference between electron and beta particle is their
Origin
-The …… is the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation
A- beta particle
B- x-ray
C- gamma ray
D-alpha particle
-The atom is essentially empty space
True
False
-is the spontaneous emission of particles and energy in order to become stable.
Radioactivity
Radioactive decay results in emission of
alpha particles , beta particles , and usually gamma rays
is a radioisotope is the time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its
original value.
half-life

chapter3
-The rate of rise and fall of a sine wave is called
A-amplitude
B-frequency
C-wavelength
D-velocity
A hertz (Hz) is equal to ____cycle(s) per second
A- 103
B- 102
C- 10
D-1
What is the electromagnetic wave equation
A- c= f()
B- c= f\()
C- c= fv
D-c=f-()
-The ___ of electromagnetic radiation is constant
A-amplitude
B- velocity
C-frequency
D-wavelength
-If the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, then
its frequency must
A- double
B- increase four times
C- decrease by half
D- remain constant
-The intensity of radiation___ in __ proportion to the square of the distance of the object
from the source
A- increases, direct
B- decreases, direct
C- increases, inverse
D- decreases, inverse
-when the distance from the source is doubled, the intensity of radiation is reduced to
A-1/2
B-1/4
C-3/4
D-1/3
-The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation
A-reduces its velocity
B- increases in wavelength
C- loses its energy
D- is spread out over a greater area
7-The reduction of radiation intensity due to scattering and absorption is called
A-reflection
B- refraction
C- attenuation
D- dispersion

-is one-half the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies
Amplitude
-The four properties of photons are___,__,__,and___
A- size, shape, spin, mass
B- frequency, mass, amplitude, wavelength
C- frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude
D-refraction, velocity, spin, amplitude
-The smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic radiation is a(n)
A-photon
B- electron
C- neutrino
D- quark
-What is the velocity of all electromagnetic radiation
A-8x10^3 m\s
B- 2x10^8 m\s
C- 3x10^8 m\s
D- 4x10^3 m\s
-If the intensity of light from a flashlight is 4 millilumens (mlm) at a distance of 3 feet,
what will the intensity be at 6 feet
A- 0.4 millilumens
B- 1 millilumen
C- 2 millilumens
D- 16 millilumens
-The diagnostic range of x-ray energy is
A- 30 to 150 kVp
B- 200 to 300 kVp
C- 300 to 1000 kVp
D- over 1 MV
-The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its
A-amplitude
B-frequency
C-velocity
D-wavelength
-The mass equivalent of a 100 KeV photon of radiation can be calculated using the
A- inverse square formula
B- equivalent Planck equation
C- relativity formula
D- Planck quantum equation
-X-rays are usually identified by their
A-energy
B-velocity
C-wavelength
D-hertz
-The lowest energy range of the electromagnetic spectrum is
A-sound waves
B-radio waves
C-gamma rays
D-microwaves
- not part of the electromagnetic spectrum
diagnostic ultrasound
- structures that absorb x-rays (bone); correspond to body parts
Radiopaqu
-There are three general types of X-Ray examinations, BMD, MRI, and CT
True
False
-Photons with the highest frequencies have the
A- highest velocity
B-lowest energy
C-longest wavelengths
D-shortest wavelengths
-Photons tend to interact with matter __ their wavelength
A-equal in size to
B-larger in size than
C- smaller in size than
D-unequal in size to
-Gamma rays are produced in the ___ of the atom
A-outer electron shell
B-inner electron shell
C-nucleus
D-K-shell
- in 19th century, he showed that visible light had both electric and magnetic energy
James Clerk Maxwell
- includes the entire range of electromagnetic energy
electromagnetic spectrum

Visible-light photons tend to behave like ___ and x-ray tend like ____.
Waves, particles

Laws & Figures

Chapter 1
chapter 2
 Chapter 3

THE WAVE EQUATION‫معادلة الموجة‬ Electromagnetic wave equation

Velocity = Frequency × Wavelengt‫ ا‬Or v = fλ
c = fλ