9702_s24_qp_42

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Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 7 2 3 5 6 4 3 7 8 5 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2024
2 hours
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 100.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 24 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (SL/SW) 329808/2
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

2
Data
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C
unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg
mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of proton
rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg
Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1
gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2
permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F–1)
4rf0
Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s
Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 12 at 2

v 2 = u 2 + 2as

hydrostatic pressure ∆p = ρg∆h
upthrust F = ρgV
fs v
Doppler effect for sound waves fo = v ! v
s
electric current I = Anvq
resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...

1 1 1
resistors in parallel = + + ...
R R1 R2
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32
GM
gravitational potential ϕ =– r
GMm
gravitational potential energy EP = – r
1 Nm
pressure of an ideal gas p = 3 V 〈c2〉
simple harmonic motion a = – ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = !ω (x 02 - x 2)
Q
electric potential V =
4rf0 r
Qq
electrical potential energy EP =
4rf0 r
1 1 1
capacitors in series = + + ...
C C1 C2
capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + ...
t
discharge of a capacitor x = x 0 e - RC
BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq
alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ωt
radioactive decay x = x0e–λt
0.693
decay constant λ =
t1
2
IR (Z 1 - Z 2) 2
intensity reflection coefficient =
I0 (Z 1 + Z 2) 2
Stefan–Boltzmann law L = 4πσr 2T 4
∆λ Df v
Doppler redshift á ác
λ f
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4
1 (a) Define the radian.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A circular metal disc spins horizontally about a vertical axis, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
rotation
metal disc
axis

9.3 cm modelling clay
1.2 cm

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)
A piece of modelling clay is attached to the disc.
For the instant when the piece of modelling clay is in the position shown, draw on Fig. 1.1:
(i) an arrow, labelled V, showing the direction of the velocity of the modelling clay [1]
(ii) an arrow, labelled A, showing the direction of the acceleration of the modelling clay. [1]
(c) The metal disc in Fig. 1.1 has a radius of 9.3 cm.
The centre of gravity of the modelling clay is 1.2 cm from the rim of the disc and moves with a
speed of 0.68 m s–1.

(i) Calculate the angular speed ω of the disc.
ω = .............................................. rad s–1 [2]

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(ii) Calculate the acceleration a of the centre of gravity of the modelling clay.
a = ................................................ m s–2 [2]

(d) A second piece of modelling clay is attached to the disc in the position shown in Fig. 1.2.
second piece of
modelling clay
first piece of
modelling clay
Fig. 1.2
The second piece of modelling clay has a larger mass than the first piece.
By placing one tick (3) in each row, complete Table 1.1 to show how the quantities indicated
compare for the two pieces of modelling clay.
Table 1.1
less for second piece greater for second piece

quantity same for both pieces
than first piece than first piece
angular speed
linear speed
acceleration
[3]
[Total: 10]

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6
2 (a) With reference to thermal energy, state what is meant by two objects being in thermal
equilibrium.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Two cylinders X and Y each contain a sample of an ideal gas. The samples are in thermal
equilibrium with each other.

X has a volume of 0.0260 m3 and contains 0.740 mol of gas at a pressure of 1.20 × 105 Pa. Y
has a volume of 0.0430 m3 and contains gas at a pressure of 2.90 × 105 Pa. Data for the two
cylinders are shown in Fig. 2.1.
X Y
0.740 mol
1.20 × 105 Pa 2.90 × 105 Pa
0.0260 m3 0.0430 m3
Fig. 2.1

(i) Show that the temperature of the gas in X is 234 °C.
[3]

(ii) Determine the number N of molecules of the gas in Y. Explain your reasoning.
N = ......................................................... [3]
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(iii) The gas in X consists of molecules that each have a mass that is four times the mass of
a molecule of the gas in Y.
Explain how the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) speed of the molecules in X compares with
the r.m.s. speed of the molecules in Y.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 10]

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3 (a) State what is meant by the internal energy of a system.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) With reference to molecular kinetic and potential energies, describe and explain how the
internal energy of the system changes when:
(i) a gas is heated at constant volume so that its temperature increases
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) a wire is stretched within its elastic limit at constant temperature.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]

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10
4 A block of mass m oscillates vertically on a spring, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
spring
block

oscillations
equilibrium position
Fig. 4.1
The acceleration a of the block varies with displacement x from its equilibrium position, as shown
in Fig. 4.2.
2A

A
0
–3Y –2Y –Y 0 Y 2Y x 3Y
–A

–2A
Fig. 4.2
The amplitude of the oscillations is 3Y and the maximum acceleration is 2A.
(a) Explain how Fig. 4.2 shows that the oscillations of the block are simple harmonic.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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(b) Deduce expressions, in terms of some or all of m, A and Y, for:
(i) the angular frequency ω of the oscillations

ω = ......................................................... [1]
(ii) the maximum speed v0 of the oscillations
v0 = ......................................................... [2]
(iii) the energy E of the oscillations.
E = ......................................................... [2]
(c) The period of the oscillations is 0.75 s and the value of 3Y is 1.8 cm.
Determine an expression for x in terms of time t, where x is in cm and t is in seconds.

x = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]

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12
5 (a) Define electric potential at a point.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Two isolated charged metal spheres X and Y are near to each other in a vacuum. The centres
of the spheres are 1.2 m apart, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

X Y
P
x
1.2 m
Fig. 5.1 (not to scale)
Point P is on the line joining the centres of spheres X and Y and is at a variable distance x
from the centre of X.

Fig. 5.2 shows the variation with x of the total electric potential V due to the two spheres.
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
x/m
Fig. 5.2
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13
State three conclusions that may be drawn about the spheres from Fig. 5.2. The conclusions
may be qualitative or quantitative.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) A proton is held at rest on the line joining the centres of the spheres in (b) at the position
where x = 0.60 m.
The proton is released.
Describe and explain, without calculation, the subsequent motion of the proton.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]

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14
6 (a) Two capacitors X and Y are connected in series to a power supply of voltage V, as shown in
Fig. 6.1.
X Y

Fig. 6.1
The capacitance of X is CX and the capacitance of Y is CY.
Derive an expression, in terms of CX and CY, for the combined capacitance CT of the
capacitors in this circuit.
Explain your reasoning.

[3]
(b) Two capacitors P and Q are connected in parallel to a power supply of voltage V.
The capacitance of P is 200 μF. The capacitance CQ of Q can be varied between 0 and 400 μF.

When CQ = 0, the total energy stored in the capacitors is 2.5 mJ.
(i) Show that the supply voltage V is 5.0 V.
[2]
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15
(ii) Calculate the total energy, in mJ, stored in the capacitors when CQ has its maximum
value.
total energy = ................................................... mJ [3]
(iii) On Fig. 6.2, sketch the variation of the total energy E stored in the capacitors with CQ, as
CQ varies from 0 to 400 μF.
10.0
E / mJ
7.5
5.0
2.5
0
0 100 200 300 400

CQ / μF
Fig. 6.2
[2]
[Total: 10]

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16
7 (a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a coil at rest in a uniform magnetic field that is parallel to the axis of the coil.
coil

magnetic field
Fig. 7.1
The coil is connected to a centre-zero voltmeter.

The flux density B of the uniform magnetic field varies with time t as shown in Fig. 7.2.
B / mT
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

t / ms
Fig. 7.2
The coil consists of 340 turns, each of cross-sectional area 3.2 × 10–4 m2.
(i) Calculate the maximum magnetic flux through one turn of the coil.
maximum magnetic flux = ................................................... Wb [2]
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(ii) Determine the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux linkage in the coil.
maximum rate of change of flux linkage = ............................................. Wb s–1 [3]

(iii) State the maximum electromotive force (e.m.f.) V0 induced across the coil.
V0 = ...................................................... V [1]
(iv) On Fig. 7.3, sketch the variation of the e.m.f. V induced across the coil with t from t = 0 to
t = 6.0 ms.
V0
V
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t / ms
–V0
Fig. 7.3
[3]
(v) The variation of V with t can be described by
V = A sin Bt
where A and B are constants.
Determine the values of A and B. Give units with your answers.
A = ....................................... unit ................

B = ....................................... unit ................

[3]
[Total: 14]

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18
8 Fig. 8.1 shows part of the emission spectrum of visible radiation emitted by hydrogen gas in a star
in a distant galaxy.
increasing frequency

Fig. 8.1
The galaxy is moving away from the Earth at a speed of 6.2 × 106 m s–1.
(a) (i) Explain how the positions of the lines in the emission spectrum seen by an observer on
the Earth differ from the positions shown in Fig. 8.1.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) On Fig. 8.1, draw the three lines in possible positions in the spectrum seen by the
observer. [2]
(b) The lines in Fig. 8.1 correspond to electron transitions down to the energy level –3.40 eV.
One of the lines represents emitted radiation of wavelength 488 nm.
(i) Calculate the energy of a photon of this radiation.
photon energy = ...................................................... J [2] DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(ii) Determine the energy, in eV, of the energy level from which the electron transition
originates to cause the emission of this radiation.
energy level = .................................................... eV [2]
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19
(iii) Determine the wavelength, in nm, of this radiation as detected by the observer on the
Earth.
wavelength = ................................................... nm [2]
(c) A value for the Hubble constant is 2.3 × 10–18 s–1.
Determine the distance of the galaxy from the Earth.

distance = ..................................................... m [2]
[Total: 12]

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20
9 (a) State what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Table 9.1 shows the masses of two sub-atomic particles and a polonium-212 ( 212
84Po) nucleus.
Table 9.1

mass / u
proton 1.007 276
neutron 1.008 665
polonium-212 nucleus 211.942 749
For the polonium-212 nucleus, determine:
(i) the mass defect Δm, in kg

Δm = .................................................... kg [3]
(ii) the binding energy
binding energy = ...................................................... J [2]
(iii) the binding energy per nucleon.

binding energy per nucleon = ...................................................... J [1]
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21
(c) (i) On Fig. 9.1, sketch the variation with nucleon number A of binding energy per nucleon
for values of A from 1 to 250.
binding energy
per nucleon
0
1 250
A
Fig. 9.1
[2]
(ii) On your line in Fig. 9.1, draw an X to show the approximate position of polonium-212.
[1]
(iii) Polonium-212 is radioactive and undergoes alpha-decay.

Suggest and explain, with reference to Fig. 9.1, why the alpha-decay of polonium-212
results in a release of energy.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 13]

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23
10 (a) Describe how reflected ultrasound pulses may be used to obtain diagnostic information about
internal structures.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) (i) Define specific acoustic impedance of a medium.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Table 10.1 shows some data for water and for glass.
Table 10.1
density / kg m–3 speed of sound / m s–1
water 1000 1420
glass 2500 4560
Determine the intensity reflection coefficient for ultrasound that is incident on a

water–glass boundary.
intensity reflection coefficient = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]
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* 0019655342201 *

Cambridge International AS & A Level

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 24 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4

uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 12 at 2

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24

simple harmonic motion a = – ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + ...

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ωt

radioactive decay x = x0e–λt

Stefan–Boltzmann law L = 4πσr 2T 4

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24 [Turn over

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

1 (a) Define the radian.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

A piece of modelling clay is attached to the disc.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ω = .............................................. rad s–1 [2]

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24

a = ................................................ m s–2 [2]

less for second piece greater for second piece

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24 [Turn over

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24 [Turn over

3 (a) State what is meant by the internal energy of a system.

(i) a gas is heated at constant volume so that its temperature increases

(ii) a wire is stretched within its elastic limit at constant temperature.

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24 [Turn over

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

4 A block of mass m oscillates vertically on a spring, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

The amplitude of the oscillations is 3Y and the maximum acceleration is 2A.

© UCLES 2024 9702/42/M/J/24