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Assignment 06

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Assignment 06

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Quanta Institute Page |1

Statistical Assignment-06 .

Common Data for Q.1 and Q.2.


A gas of 𝑁𝑁 particles is enclosed in a volume V at a temperature T. The logarithm of the
partition function is given by ln 𝑍𝑍 = 𝑁𝑁 ln [(𝑉𝑉 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏)(𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇)3/2 ] where 𝑏𝑏 is a constant with
appropriate dimensions.
1. If 𝑃𝑃 is the pressure of the gas, the equation of state is given by [GATE 2003]
(a) 𝑃𝑃(𝑉𝑉 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) = 𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 (b) 𝑃𝑃(𝑉𝑉 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) = 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
(c) 𝑃𝑃(𝑉𝑉 − 𝑏𝑏) = 𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 (d) 𝑃𝑃(𝑉𝑉 − 𝑏𝑏) = 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
2. The internal energy of the gas is given by [GATE 2003]
(a) 𝑈𝑈 = (1/2)𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 (b) 𝑈𝑈 = (1/2)𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 (c) 𝑈𝑈 = (3/2)𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 (d) 𝑈𝑈 = 2𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
Common data for Q.3, Q.4 and Q.5
A system consists of three spin-half particles, the 𝑧𝑧 components of whose spins 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍(1), 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍(2)
and 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍 (3) can take value +1/2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 1/2. The total spin of the system is 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍 = 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍(1) +
𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍(2) + 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍(3) [GATE 2003]
3. The total number of possible micro-states of this system is:
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
4. The total number of micro-state with 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍 = 1/2 is:
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
5. Consider an ensemble of system where each microstate has equal probability. The
ensemble average of 𝑆𝑆𝑍𝑍 is:
(a) −1/2 (b) 0 (c) 1/2 (d) 3/2
Common Data for Q.6 and Q.7
An ensemble of 𝑁𝑁 three-level systems with energies 𝐸𝐸 = −∈0 , 0, +∈0 is in thermal
equilibrium at temperature T. Let 𝛽𝛽 = (𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇)−1 [GATE 2004]
6. If 𝛽𝛽𝜀𝜀0 = 2, the probability of finding the system in the level 𝜀𝜀 = 0 is:

(a) (cos ℎ2)/2 (b) (cos ℎ2)−1 (c) (2 cos ℎ2)−1 (d) (1 + 2 cos ℎ2)−1
7. The free energy of the system at high temperature (𝑖𝑖. 𝑒𝑒. , 𝑥𝑥 ≡ 𝛽𝛽𝜀𝜀0 << 1) is approximately

(a) −𝑁𝑁𝐾𝐾𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇𝑥𝑥 2 (b) −𝑁𝑁𝐾𝐾𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇[ ln 2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 /2]

(c) −𝑁𝑁𝐾𝐾𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇[ ln 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 /3] (d) −𝑁𝑁𝐾𝐾𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 ln 3


Common Data for Q.8 and Q.9.

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Consider a cavity of volume V at temperature 𝑇𝑇 [GATE 2006]


8. The density of states at energy 𝐸𝐸 of the quantized radiation (photons) is:
8𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 8𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 8𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 8𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
(a) 𝐸𝐸2 (b) 𝐸𝐸3/2 (c) 𝐸𝐸 (d) 𝐸𝐸1/2
ℎ3 𝐶𝐶 3 ℎ3 𝐶𝐶 3 ℎ3 𝐶𝐶 3 ℎ3 𝐶𝐶 3

9. The average number of photons in equilibrium inside the cavity is proportional to

(a) 𝑇𝑇 (b) 𝑇𝑇2 (c) 𝑇𝑇3 (d) 𝑇𝑇4

Common Data for Q. 10 and Q. 11


1
An ensemble of quantum oscillator is kept at a finite temperature 𝑇𝑇 =
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝛽𝛽

1
10. The partition function of a single oscillator with energy levels �𝑛𝑛 + � ℏ𝜔𝜔 is given by
2
[GATE 2007]
𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 1 1
(a) 𝑍𝑍 = 1−𝑒𝑒𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 (b) 𝑍𝑍 = 1+𝑒𝑒−𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 (c) 𝑍𝑍 = (d) 𝑍𝑍 =
1−𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 1+𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔

11. The average number of energy quanta of the oscillators is given by [GATE 2007]
1 𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 1 𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔
(a) 〈𝑛𝑛〉 = (b) 〈𝑛𝑛〉 = 𝑒𝑒𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 −1 (c) 〈𝑛𝑛〉 = (d) 〈𝑛𝑛〉 = 𝑒𝑒𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 +1
𝑒𝑒 𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 −1 𝑒𝑒 𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔 +1

Common data for Q. 12 and Q.13.


Consider two dimensional electron gas of 𝑁𝑁 electrons of mass ‘m’ each in a system of size
𝐿𝐿 × 𝐿𝐿.
12. The density of states between energy 𝜀𝜀 and 𝜀𝜀 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 is [GATE 2008]
4𝜋𝜋𝐿𝐿2 𝑚𝑚 4𝜋𝜋𝐿𝐿2 𝑚𝑚 1 4𝜋𝜋𝐿𝐿2 𝑚𝑚 4𝜋𝜋𝐿𝐿2 𝑚𝑚
(a) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (b) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (c) √𝜀𝜀𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (d) 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀
ℎ2 ℎ2 √𝜀𝜀 ℎ2 ℎ2

13. The ground state energy 𝐸𝐸0 of the system in terms of the Fermi energy 𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹 and the number
of electrons 𝑁𝑁 is given by: [GATE 2008]
1 1 2 3
(a) 𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹 (b) 𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹 (c) 𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹 (d) 𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹
3 2 3 2

Common data for Q.14 and Q. 15.


Consider a two level quantum system with energies ∈1 = 0 and ∈2 =∈.
14. The Helmholtz free energy of the system is given by [GATE 2009]

(a) −𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 ln (1 + 𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵𝑇𝑇 ) (b) 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 ln (1 + 𝑒𝑒−𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇)


3
(c) 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 (d) 𝜀𝜀 − 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
2

15. The specific heat of the system is given [GATE 2009]

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𝜀𝜀 𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 𝜀𝜀 2 𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
(a) (b) 𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 (1+𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 )2 𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
2 (1+𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 )

𝜀𝜀 2 𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 𝜀𝜀 2 𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
(c) (1+𝑒𝑒−𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 )2 (d) 𝑘𝑘
𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 2 (1+𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 )2

Common Data for Q.16 and Q. 17


𝜋𝜋2 𝑉𝑉(𝑘𝑘𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇)3
The partition function for a gas photons is given by ln 𝑍𝑍 = .
45ℏ3 𝐶𝐶 3

16. The specific heat of photon gas varies with temperature as [GATE 2010]

17. The pressure of the photon gas is [GATE 2010]


𝜋𝜋2 (𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇)3 𝜋𝜋2 (𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇)4 𝜋𝜋2 (𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇)4 𝜋𝜋2 (𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇)3/2
(a) 15 (b) (c) 45 (d) 45
ℏ3 𝐶𝐶 3 8 ℏ3 𝐶𝐶 3 ℏ3 𝐶𝐶 3 ℏ3 𝐶𝐶 3

18. A system of 𝑁𝑁 non-interacting and distinguishable particles of spin 1 is in thermodynamic


equilibrium. The entropy of the system is: [GATE 2011]
(a) 2𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 𝑁𝑁 (b) 3 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 𝑁𝑁 (c) 𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 2 (d) 𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 3
19. A system has two energy levels with energies 𝜀𝜀 and 2𝜀𝜀. The lower level is 4-fold
degenerate while the upper level is doubly degenerate. If there are 𝑁𝑁 non-interacting classical
particles in the system, which is in thermodynamic equilibrium at a temperature 𝑇𝑇, the
fraction of particles in the upper level is: [GATE 2011]
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1+𝑒𝑒 −𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 1+2𝑒𝑒 𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 2𝑒𝑒 𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 +4𝑒𝑒 2𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 2𝑒𝑒 𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 −4𝑒𝑒 2𝜀𝜀/𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇

20. Consider a system whose three energy levels are given by 0, 𝜀𝜀 and 2𝜀𝜀. The energy level 𝜀𝜀
is two-fold degenerate and the other two are non-degenerate. The partition function of the
1
system with 𝛽𝛽 = is given by [GATE 2012]
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇

2
(a) 1 + 2𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 (b) 2𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 (c) (1 + 𝑒𝑒−𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽) (d) 1 + 𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽
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21. A paramagnetic system consisting of 𝑁𝑁 spin-half particles, is placed in an external


magnetic field. It is found that 𝑁𝑁/2 spins are aligned parallel and the remaining 𝑁𝑁/2 spins are
aligned antiparallel to the magnetic field. The statistical entropy of the system is :
[GATE 2012]
𝑁𝑁 3𝑁𝑁
(a) 2𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ℓ𝑛𝑛2 (b) 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ℓ𝑛𝑛2 (c) 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ℓ𝑛𝑛2 (d) 𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ℓ𝑛𝑛2
2 2

22. The total energy 𝐸𝐸 of an ideal non relativistic Fermi in three dimensions is given by 𝐸𝐸 ∝
𝑁𝑁 5/3
where 𝑁𝑁 is the number of particles and V is the volume of the gas, identity the CORRECT
𝑉𝑉 2/3
equation of state (𝑃𝑃 being the pressure) [GATE 2012]
1 2 5
(a) 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐸𝐸 (b) 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐸𝐸 (c) 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐸𝐸 (d) 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐸𝐸
3 3 3

Common Data for Q. 23 and Q. 24


There are four energy levels 𝐸𝐸, 2𝐸𝐸, 3𝐸𝐸 and 4𝐸𝐸 (where 𝐸𝐸 > 0). The canonical partition function
of two particles is if these particles are [GATE 2013]
23. Two identical fermions

(a) 𝑒𝑒−2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−6𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−8𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 (b) 𝑒𝑒−3𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 2𝑒𝑒−5𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−6𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−7𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽

(c) (𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −3𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 )2 (d) 𝑒𝑒−2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 − 𝑒𝑒−4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−6𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 − 𝑒𝑒−8𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽

24. Two distinguishable particles

(a) 𝑒𝑒−2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−6𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−8𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 (b) 𝑒𝑒−3𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 2𝑒𝑒−5𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−6𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−7𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽

(c) (𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −3𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒 −4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 )2 (d) 𝑒𝑒−2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 − 𝑒𝑒−4𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝑒𝑒−6𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 − 𝑒𝑒−8𝛽𝛽𝐸𝐸
25. For a system of two bosons, each of which can occupy any of the two energy levels 0 and
1
𝜀𝜀, the mean energy of the system at a temperature 𝑇𝑇 with 𝛽𝛽 = is given by
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
[GATE 2014]
𝜀𝜀𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 +2𝜀𝜀𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 1+𝜀𝜀𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 2𝜀𝜀𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 +𝜀𝜀𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 𝜀𝜀𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 +2𝜀𝜀𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽
(a) 1+2𝑒𝑒−𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 +𝑒𝑒−2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 (b) 2𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 +𝑒𝑒−2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 (c) (d)
2+𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 +𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 2+𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 +𝑒𝑒 −2𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽

26. Consider a system of 3 fermions, which can occupy any of the 4 available energy state
with equal probability. The entropy of the system is [GATE 2014]
(a) 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 2 (b) 2𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 2 (c) 2𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 2 (d) 3𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 4
27. The average energy 𝑈𝑈 of a one dimensional quantum oscillator of frequency ω and in
contact with a heat bath at temperature 𝑇𝑇 is given by [GATE 2015]
1 1 1 1
(a) 𝑈𝑈 = ℏ𝜔𝜔 cot ℎ � 𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔� (b) 𝑈𝑈 = ℏ𝜔𝜔 sin ℎ � 𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔�
2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
(c) 𝑈𝑈 = ℏ𝜔𝜔 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ℎ � 𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔� (d) 𝑈𝑈 = ℏ𝜔𝜔 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ℎ � 𝛽𝛽ℏ𝜔𝜔�
2 2 2 2

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28. For a blackbody radiation in a cavity, photons are created and annihilated freely as a result
of emission and absorption by the walls of the cavity. This is because [GATE 2015]
(a) the chemical potential of the photons is zero
(b) photons obey Pauli exclusion
(c) photons are spin-1 particles
(d) the entropy of the photo is very large
29. In Bose-Einstein condensation of particle [GATE 2015]
(a) have strong interparticle attraction
(b) condense in real space
(c) have overlapping wavefunction
(d) have large and positive chemical potential
1
30. Consider a system of 𝑁𝑁 non-interacting spin particles each having a magnetic moment
2
�⃗ = 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧̂ . If 𝐸𝐸 is the total energy of the system, the number of accessible
𝜇𝜇, is in a magnetic field 𝐵𝐵
micro states 𝛺𝛺 is given by [GATE 2015]
𝐸𝐸
𝑁𝑁! �𝑁𝑁− �!
𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇
(a) 𝛺𝛺 = 1 𝐸𝐸 1 𝐸𝐸 (b) 𝛺𝛺 = 𝐸𝐸
�𝑁𝑁− �! �𝑁𝑁+ �! �𝑁𝑁+ �!
2 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 2 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇

1 𝐸𝐸 1 𝐸𝐸 𝑁𝑁!
(c) 𝛺𝛺 = �𝑁𝑁 − � ! �𝑁𝑁 + �! (d) 𝛺𝛺 = 𝐸𝐸
2 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 2 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 �𝑁𝑁+ �!
𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇

31. The entropy of a gas containing 𝑁𝑁 particles enclosed in a volume 𝑉𝑉 is given by 𝑆𝑆 =


𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐸𝐸 3/2
𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ℓ𝑛𝑛 � �, where 𝐸𝐸 is the total energy a is a constant and 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 is the Boltzmann constant.
𝑁𝑁 5/2
The chemical potential 𝜇𝜇 of the system at a temperature 𝑇𝑇 is given by [GATE 2015]
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐸𝐸 3/2 5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐸𝐸 3/2 3
(a) 𝜇𝜇 = −𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 �ℓ𝑛𝑛 � �− � (b) 𝜇𝜇 = −𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 �ℓ𝑛𝑛 � �− �
𝑁𝑁 5/2 2 𝑁𝑁 5/2 2

𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐸𝐸 3/2 5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐸𝐸 3/2 3


(c) 𝜇𝜇 = −𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 �ℓ𝑛𝑛 � �− � (d) 𝜇𝜇 = −𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇 �ℓ𝑛𝑛 � �− �
𝑁𝑁 3/2 2 𝑁𝑁 3/2 2

32. The entropy 𝑆𝑆 of a system of 𝑁𝑁 spin, which may align either in the upward or in the
downward direction, is given by 𝑆𝑆 = −𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑁𝑁[𝑝𝑝 ln 𝑝𝑝 + (1 − 𝑝𝑝) ln (1 − 𝑝𝑝)]. Here, 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 is the
Boltzmann constant. The probability of alignment in the upward direction is 𝑝𝑝. The value of
𝑝𝑝, at which the entropy is maximum, is ____________. [GATE 2016]

(Give your answer up to one decimal place)


33. Consider a system having three energy levels with energies 0,2𝜀𝜀 and 3𝜀𝜀, with respective
degeneracies of 2, 2 and 3. Four bosons of spin zero have to be accommodated in these levels

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such that the total energy of the system is 10𝜀𝜀. The number of ways in which it can be done
is __________. [GATE 2016]
34. Three particles are to be distributed in four non-degenerate energy levels. The possible
number of ways of distribution: (i) for distinguishable particles, and (ii) for identical Bosons,
respectively, is [GATE 2018]
(a) (i) 24, (ii) 4 (b) (i) 24, (ii) 20 (c) (i) 64, (ii) 20 (d) (i) 64, (ii) 16
35.The partition function of an ensemble at a temperature 𝑇𝑇 is
𝜀𝜀 𝑁𝑁
𝑍𝑍 = �2 cosh �
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 𝑇𝑇
𝜀𝜀
where 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 is the Boltzmann constant. The heat capacity of this ensemble at 𝑇𝑇 = is 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ,
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵
where the value of 𝑋𝑋 is _________.(up to two decimal places). [GATE 2018]
36. The quantum effects in an ideal gas become important below a certain temperature 𝑇𝑇𝑄𝑄
when de-Broglie wavelength corresponding to the root mean square thermal speed becomes
equal to the inter-atomic separation. For such a gas of mass 2 × 10−26 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 and number density
6.4 × 1025 𝑚𝑚−3 , 𝑇𝑇𝑄𝑄 = _____________ × 10−3 𝐾𝐾 (up to one decimal p]ace). [GATE 2018]

37. A microcanonical ensemble consists of 12 atoms with each taking either energy 0 state,
or energy 𝜀𝜀 state. Both states are non-degenerate. If the total energy of this ensemble is 4𝜀𝜀,
its entropy will be _________ 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 (up to one decimal place), where 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 is the Boltzmann
constant. [GATE 2018]
38. A large number 𝑁𝑁 of ideal bosons, each of mass 𝑚𝑚, are trapped in a three-dimensional
potential
𝑚𝑚𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟 2
𝑉𝑉(𝑟𝑟) =
2
The bosonic system is kept at temperature 𝑇𝑇 which is much lower than the Bose-Einstein
condensation temperature 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 . The chemical potential (𝜇𝜇) satisfies [GATE 2019]
3 3
(a) 𝜇𝜇 ≤ ћ𝜔𝜔 (b) 2ћ𝜔𝜔 > 𝜇𝜇 > ћ𝜔𝜔
2 2

(c) 3ћ𝜔𝜔 > 𝜇𝜇 > 2ћ𝜔𝜔 (d) 𝜇𝜇 = 3ћ𝜔𝜔


39. Consider two systems A and B each having two distinguishable particles. In both the
systems, each particle can exist in states with energies 0,1,2 and 3 units with equal
probability. The total energy of the combined system is 5 units. Assuming that the system A
has energy 3 units and the system B has energy 2 units, the entropy of the combined system
is 𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵 ln 𝜆𝜆. The value of 𝜆𝜆 is _________. [GATE 2019]

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Answer Key

1 A 11 A 21 D 31 A
2 C 12 A 22 B 32 0.5
3 D 13 B 23 B 33 18
4 A 14 A 24 C 34 C
5 B 15 D 25 A 35 0.41 to 0.43
6 D 16 A 26 B 36 78 to 90
7 D 17 C 27 A 37 6.1 to 6.3
8 A 18 D 28 A 38 A
9 C 19 B 29 A 39 12
10 A 20 C 30 A

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