KAZAL REPAIR

A.
Imagine you are sitting up a workshop for computer repair and

maintenance. Provide estimated costs (in your local currency) for the
following equipment and tools, and indicate where you would purchase
each item (provide shop references if possible):
• Multimeter:-Rs.600
➢ A multimeter works by measuring electrical properties such as voltage, current,
resistance, capacitance, and continuity in electrical circuits and components.
• Screwdriver sets:- Rs.300

➢ A screwdriver is a simple and common tool used to install or remove
screws. Screwdriver sets are highly useful when it comes to having a variety of
pieces in one place. For example, there are precision screwdriver sets for
delicate electronic work, as well as more multi-purpose electrician screwdriver
sets for professionals. Sets typically contain a variety of tools in a range of sizes.
• Anti-Static Wrist Strap:- Rs.1000
➢ An antistatic wrist strap, ESD wrist strap, or ground bracelet is an antistatic
device used to safely ground a person working on very sensitive electronic
equipment, to prevent the buildup of static electricity on their body, which
can result in ESD.
• Thermal paste:- Rs.750

➢ Thermal paste is used to improve the heat coupling between different
components. A common application is to drain away waste heat generated
by electrical resistance in semiconductor devices including power
transistors, CPUs, GPUs, and LED COBs.
• USB Flash Drive (16GB): Rs.600

➢ USB drives are commonly used for storage, data backup, and transferring
files between devices. USB drives come in multiple storage capacities and
different ports, each having a unique shape
• External Hard drive:-Rs.5000
➢ An external hard drive is a portable storage device that connects to a
computer via USB, Thunderbolt, or other interfaces. It's used for storing and
backing up files outside of the computer's internal storage. People often use
external hard drives to store large amounts of data such as documents,
photos, videos, and software backups.
• Spare Parts
❖ RAM:- Rs.1000
➢ It is a volatile memory i.e.,temporary memory.
➢ Performs read and write operations.
➢ Usually hidden to users.
❖ CPU:- Rs.6000
➢ CPU is the heart and brain of a computer.
➢ Performs calculations, takes decisions, & controls all the units.
• Cleaning supplies
❖ Compressed air:-Rs.5500
➢ Compressed air works by creating a high-velocity air flow that can dislodge
and remove dust and dirt from the surface of your computer hardware. The
air flow is strong enough to penetrate into the gaps and crevices of your
hardware components, such as the fan, the heat sink, the motherboard, and
the memory slots.
• Power supply tester:- Rs.1500

➢ A power supply tester works by simulating a load on your PSU and
measuring the voltage levels of the rails. To use a power supply tester, you
need to disconnect your PSU from your motherboard and other components,
and then plug the tester into the 20-pin or 24-pin main connector of your
PSU.
• Diagnostic software (specify if any particular software):-
-It helps you monitor and troubleshoot your system's hardware and performance.
➢ Here are some popular and reliable diagnostic tools for various purposes:
For Windows
1. HWMonitor:
- Monitors system temperatures, voltages, and fan speeds.
2. CPU-Z:
- Provides detailed information about your CPU, RAM, and motherboard.
3. Speccy:
- Offers a comprehensive overview of your system's hardware, including CPU, RAM,
motherboard, and storage devices.
4. CrystalDiskInfo:
- Monitors the health and performance of your SSDs and HDDs, providing S.M.A.R.T.
data.
5. MemTest86:
- Tests your system's RAM for errors.
6. Prime95:
- Stresses the CPU and memory to check for stability and overheating.
For Linux
1. lm_sensors:
- Monitors temperatures, voltages, and fan speeds. Install it using sudo apt-get install lm-
sensors and configure with sensors-detect.
2. htop:
- An interactive process viewer and system monitor. Install it using sudo apt-get install
htop.
3. smartmontools:
- Monitors disk health and S.M.A.R.T. data. Install it using sudo apt-get install
smartmontools and use smartctl to check your drives.
4. stress:
- A tool for stress testing your CPU, memory, and disk. Install it using sudo apt-get install
stress.
These tools can help you diagnose and monitor your system's hardware to ensure
everything is functioning correctly and to identify potential issues.
References:-
• Smart IT Solution, Biratnagar-7
• Dipak Yadav
Theory source:-
• Chat GPT
• Google
Image source:-
• Google
B. Imagine you need to upgrade a desktop computer’s performance
for a client .Outline the steps you would take to:
❖ Identify the current hardware specifications.

➢ RAM
➢ SSD
❖ Recommended suitable upgrades ( e.g., RAM, SSD)
• To recommend suitable upgrades for your system, I'll need a bit more
information about your current setup.
➢ Current RAM size and type (e.g., DDR3, DDR4)
➢ Current storage type and capacity (e.g., HDD, SSD)
➢ Motherboard model
➢ Processor model
➢ Operating system
❖ safely install and configure the new components

➢ Installing and configuring new components like RAM and an SSD can
significantly improve your system's performance. Here are general steps to
safely install and configure these components:
• RAM Upgrade
➢ Preparation:
1. Check Compatibility: Ensure the new RAM is compatible

with your motherboard (e.g., DDR3 vs. DDR4, frequency).
2. Power Down: Turn off your computer and unplug it from
the power source.
3. Ground Yourself: Use an anti-static wrist strap or

frequently touch a metal part of the case to discharge static
electricity.
Installation:
1. Open the Case: Remove the side panel of your computer case.
2. Locate RAM Slots: Find the RAM slots on your motherboard.
3. Remove Old RAM (if necessary): Push down on the clips at either
end of the RAM slots to release the old RAM sticks.
4. Insert New RAM: Align the notch on the RAM stick with the slot
and press down firmly until the clips snap into place.
Post-Installation:
1. Close the Case: Put the side panel back on your case.
2. Power On: Plug in your computer and turn it on.
3. Verify: Check if the new RAM is recognized by the system in the
BIOS or operating system settings.
• SSD Upgrade
Preparation:
1. Backup Data: Backup any important data before proceeding.
2. Check Compatibility: Ensure the SSD is compatible with your
system (e.g., SATA, NVMe).
Installation:
1. Power Down: Turn off your computer and unplug it from the power
source.
2. Ground Yourself: Use an anti-static wrist strap or frequently touch
a metal part of the case to discharge static electricity.
3. Open the Case: Remove the side panel of your computer case.
4. Mount the SSD: Install the SSD into an available drive bay or an
adapter bracket if needed.
5. Connect Cables: Connect the SSD to the motherboard using a
SATA or NVMe cable and connect the power cable from the power
supply.
Post-Installation:
1. Close the Case: Put the side panel back on your case.
2. Power On: Plug in your computer and turn it on.
3. Install OS:
• If it's a new install, boot from the OS installation media and
install the operating system on the SSD.
• If cloning, use software to clone your existing drive to the
SSD.
4. Configure Boot Order: Enter the BIOS and set the SSD as the
primary boot device.
5. Verify: Check if the SSD is recognized by the system and ensure it
is functioning properly.
By following these steps, you should be able to safely install and
configure new RAM and an SSD in your system. If you encounter any
issues, referring to your motherboard's manual or seeking assistance from
a professional might be helpful.
References:-
Theory source:-
• Chat GPT
• Google
Submitted by :-
Name:-Kakulati Sah.
Semester:-6th

KAZAL REPAIR

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A.

Imagine you are sitting up a workshop for computer repair and

• Screwdriver sets:- Rs.300

• Thermal paste:- Rs.750

• USB Flash Drive (16GB): Rs.600

• Power supply tester:- Rs.1500

❖ Identify the current hardware specifications.

❖ Recommended suitable upgrades ( e.g., RAM, SSD)

❖ safely install and configure the new components

1. Check Compatibility: Ensure the new RAM is compatible

3. Ground Yourself: Use an anti-static wrist strap or

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