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GRADE – IX

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-3 DRAINAGE


1. Distinguish between Himalayas and Peninsular Rivers

HIMALAYAN RIVER PENINSULAR RIVER


 They are perennial  They are seasonal
 They are snow-fed and rain-  They are rain-fed
fed  The volume of water in rivers
 They maintain reasonable fluctuates
flow throughout the  The Flow through broad
year shallow valleys and do not form
 They flow over plans and any significant meanders.
form meanders, ox-bow lakes.  They Rise from the western
 They rise from the Ghats
Himalayas
Eg. Tapi, Narmada, Mahanadi
Eg. Indus, Ganga

2. Describe the four main features of Ganga river basin.


 Ganga river is formed by the two rivers: The Bhagirathi which rises
from Gangotri glacier and the Alaknanda rising from Alkapuri glacier.
 It is the largest basin in India.
 Ganga has formed large meanders, flood plains and ox-bow lakes.
 Ganga has tremendous potential to generate hydroelectricity and
irrigate lands.
 It has formed very fertile agricultural plains called the granary of India
3. What are the factors that controlled the drainage system of Indian
subcontinents?
The drainage systems of Indian are controlled by the relief features of
the subcontinents.
Eg. Land and precipitation.
According drainage system are divided into Himalayan rivers and
Peninsular rives. Himalayan rivers are perennial that is snow fed and
rain fed. They have a long course and carry loads of sand and form
flood plains and deltas.

Peninsular rivers are seasonal and rain fed, they have shorter courses.
Most of them originate from the Western Ghats and drain bigger areas.
4. Discuss the main features of Indus river system.
 Indus rise from Mansarowar in Tibet.
 It enters Indian territory in Jammu and Kashmir.
 It tributaries are Satluj, Beas, Jhelum. Ravi and Chenab.
 The Indus basin covers the western part of northern plain.
 It is a very fertile plain and has largest net work off canal for irrigation.
5. Mention the main features of Ghodavari Basin.
 It has the second largest river basin.
 It is also known as Dakshin Ganga.
 It is seasonal river, rise from Western Ghats and is rain feds.
 It covers 10% of the total land area of India
6. Compare the East flowing and the West flowing rivers of Peninsular India

East Flowing Rivers of West Flowing Rivers of


Peninsular Peninsular
 These rivers form fertile  These form estuaries on the
deltas along the eastern western coast
coast.  These rivers are shorter.
 These rivers are longer  They flow through trough and
and drain bigger areas. form gorges.
 Their flow thorough flat  They are also rain fed and
area seasonal.
 They are rain fed and  Eg. Narmada and Tapi flow
seasonal. from east to west into the
 Eg. Mahanadi, Godavari, Arabian sea
Krishna and Kavery flow
from west to east in to
the Bay of Bengal.

7. What is the importance of Lakes for human beings? Name a manmade lake
in India. How was it formed?

 The Importance of Lakes are as follows.


o They regulate a flow of river.
o It prevents flooding.
o They helps to maintain an even flow of water
o They are used for developing hydel power.
o They moderate the climate of the surroundings.
o They maintain the aquatic eco system and enhance natural
beauty.
o They help in developing tourism.

Guru Govind Sager in Bakra Nagal Project.

The damming of the rivers for the generation of the hydel power has
led to the formation of lakes

8. Why are rivers called the life lines of human civilization? Or Rivers constitute
the most useful natural resources. Discuss. Or Why are rivers important for
the country’s economy?

 Water from the rivers is a basic natural resource essential for various
human activities.
 Water from rivers is used for navigation, drinking, hydro power
generation etc...
 Rivers provide fertile soil for agriculture.
 Industrial development has flourished along rivers.
 World’s earliest human civilization developed in the river valleys.
9. Mention four reasons of the Ganga action plan.
 Sewage flowing into the river is to be diverted to other locations for
treatment.
 The diversion of several major drains carrying wastes into the river.
 Infrastructure capable of diverting and treating million liters per day of
domestic waste has been created.
10.Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part has silt, despite a longer
course?

River Brahmaputra originates beyond the Himalayas in a region


surrounding Kailash mountain and Mansarowar in Tibet. It flows
eastward nearly parallel to the Himalayas. At Namcha Barwa, it takes
a u-turn around it and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh. While flowing
in Tibet it receives less rainfall, here the river has less volume of
rainfall and has less slit.

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