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Agar Impression Material

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305 views28 pages

Agar Impression Material

Uploaded by

Sang Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDROCOLLOIDS:AGAR

DR.MUNAZZAH EJAZ
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS
Learning objectives
• By the end of this lecture,you should be able to:

• Define and classify agar impression material


• Explain its composition
• Discuss its manipulation
• State its uses,advantages and disadvantages
AGAR (reversible hydrocolloid)
• It is an organic hydrophilic colloid( polysaccharide)

• Extracted from certain type of seaweed.

• It was discovered by Alphous Poller of Vienna in 1925


• It was the first successful elastic impression material
in dentistry.
• It has been replaced by alginate and
• elastomeric impression materials
Agar

• Reversible hydrocolloid

Physical change
Sol Gel

Liquefaction temperature(70-100 ℃) Gelation temperature(37-50℃)


Gel => Sol Sol => Gel
Availability
• Collapsible tubes
• As cartridges (syringe material)
• In bulk containers (for duplication)

Presentation:
GEL
Classification of agar:
International standard organization( ISO) (1564) classify agar based on
consistency:
ü Type 1 High consistency (tray material)
ü Type 2 Medium consistency ( tray or syringe material)
ü Type 3 Low consistency ( for syringe use only)
Composition
Ingredient Wt.% Function

1 Agar 12-15 Active ingredient

2 Water 80-85 Act as a dispersion medium, major constituent

3 Borax 0.2 Give strength to gel, retards the setting of gypsum model and
die materials
4 Potassium 2 To counteract the effect of borax as it accelerates the setting
Sulphate of gypsum products .
5 Benzoates 0.1 Preservative

6 Thymol Bactericidal agent


Composition
Ingredient Wt Function
.%
7 Glycerin Plasticizer

8 Inert fillers .e.g., Control strength, viscosity and


diatomaceous earth, rigidity
clay, wax, rubber, silica
9 pigments and Traces
falvouring agent

The Syringe material have same components bt agar concentration is low ( 6-8%)
Manipulation

Special equipments are required:

• A specialized conditioning unit

• Water cooled rim lock tray.


A specialized
conditioning unit:
It consists of three compartments
each containing water: 1 Liquefaction 2 Storage 3 Tempering
100 ℃ 65 ℃ 45 ℃
1 Liquefaction (boiling)
compartment: water at 100 ℃
2 Storage compartment: water at
65 ℃
3 Tempering compartment: water
at 45 ℃
Impression trays
• Rim lock trays with water circulating devices are used
• The rim lock helps in retention of a material
• Two tubes are extending out from the handle of tray for water circulation
• The tray should allow a space of 3mm occlusally and laterally and extend
distally to cover all teeth
Making the agar
impression
Liquefaction Compartment: 100 ℃
ü The hydroclloid gel in tube
and syringe is first placed
in boiling water at 100 ℃
for 10 minutes
ü This rapidly converts gel to
sol.
Storage compartment
ü The tube is then placed in storage 65℃
bath at 65 ℃ In sol condition.
ü It is stored until required for use
ü The material can be stored for
several days.
ü This temperature maintains the
material in sol form
ü Syringe material is also placed in
storage compartment
Tempering
compartment
ü If impression has to taken the tray is
filled with hydrocolloid sol from tube
45℃
ü Guaze pad is placed over top of tray
material
ü Tray is placed in tempering
compartment at 45 ℃
ü Tempering time is 3-10 mins
ü All the material reached a lower
temperature (55 ℃ ) or less
ü The tray should not be left more
than 10 mins
ü Partial gelation can occur ,making
material unuseable.
Tempering
compartment
ü Syringe material is not tempered,
as it must be maintained in fluid
state.

ü It is cooled sufficiently when


extruded, so comfortable for
patient
Making of agar impression
• The syringe material is first applied to prepared teeth
• The loaded tray is inserted into mouth seated with light pressure
• Too much pressure may displace syringed agar and distort impression
Gelation:
ü The conversion from sol to gel is accelerated by circulating cool water(18 to 21℃)
ü The tube is connected to cold water supply
ü Time: 3to 5 mins
ü It reduces temperature of tray and gelation occurs
ü During gelation, tray position should not be disturbed until, sufficient gel strength is achieved
Making of agar impression
• Remove the impression with snap

• Twisting should be avoided

• After removal of impression from mouth, it should be rinsed to remove debris


Covered in a damp guaze to prevent syneresis

• The impression is poured with stone as soon as possible to make a cast.


Properties.
Hysteresis:
‘The characteristic of melting and gelling at different temperatures is
called hysteresis’
• In agar gelation (solidification) occurs at 37℃ where as liquefaction (melting)
occurs at higher temperature (70 to 100℃) higher than the gelation temperature.

• This temperature lag between liquefaction and gelation is known as hysteresis


Properties
Dimensional stability:
üAs hydrocolloids use water as dispersion medium => are prone to dimensional
changes.
üIf it is stored in air => water is lost by syneresis and evaporation
üIf immersed in water=> it absorbs water by imbibition
ü To avoid dimensional changes:
Ø 100% relative humidity in storage chamber
ØImpression should be poured immediately.
Properties
Permanent deformation:
ü ‘It is a function of severity of undercuts and the time for which the material is
under stress during removal of impression’

ü It is 1% when compressed 10% for 30 seconds.

ü Permanent deformation is reduced if impression is removed in one quick


movement.
Properties

Strength:
ØTray type agar impression material:
üTear strength is 715gm/cm
üCompressive strength is 8000gm/cm2

Ø Syringe materials:
These have poor strength properties, about 1/3rd of tray material
Properties

Flexibility:
üAgar is flexible enough to withdrawn from undercuts
Properties
Effect on gypsum products:
üAgar contains borax in composition which is retarder of gypsum

This deficiency of gypsum setting can be overcome by:

üEither incorporating gypsum hardner(potassium sulphate solution)

üImmersion of impression in gypsum hardner


Properties
Cast dupliaction:
• The cast to be duplicated is surrounded by duplicating flask
• The agar is heated in liquefying machine
• The fluid material is poured through hole in top of duplicating flask
• Gelation is completed ,master cast is removed rapidly
• Duplicate cast should be poured immediately to avoid dimensional changes.
Applications /uses:

• For cast duplication

• Full mouth impression

• It was used extensively for fixed partial dentures( bridge)

• Fabrication of crowns

• As a tissue conditioner
Advantages

• It can record accurate surface details if handled properly

• Have good elastic properties as reproduce most undercut areas

• It can be reused

• Duplicating the cast as needed in construction of partial denture and orthodontic


appliances
Disadvantages

• Require special and expensive equipment

• Poor tear resistance

• Dimensionally unstable, cannot be stored for long

• Repeated use can result in contamination and detrioration in properties of


material

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