10 Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 -
8180

Science
Quarter 2: Week 4
Learning Activity Sheets
 Science 10

Name of Learner: Date:

Section: Q2W4

Mirrors

Background Information for Learners

Mirrors
A mirror is a surface that reflects light, the light that reflects from itself is being affected
by its shape. Mirror classified based form their shape, it can be a Plane mirror or a
Spherical mirror

Classification of the mirror according to shape

PLANE MIRROR- It is consisting of a two-dimensional

surface that reflects the light coming from the object. When
the lights rays strike this mirror, the light rays obey the law
of plane mirror, which states “the image is always the same
distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror” see
Figure 1.
The image formed by a plane mirror is a virtual
image. A virtual image is an image through which light does
not travel and cannot be projected onto a screen.
Figure 1
Here are some important terms to learn more about the
reflection of the light in plane mirror

 Incident Ray-The ray of light approaching the

mirror represented by an arrow
 Reflected Ray – The ray of light which leaves the
mirror and is represented by an arrow pointing
away from the mirror
 Normal line – An imaginary line that can be
drawn perpendicular to the surface of the
mirror at the point of incidence where the ray
strikes the mirror.

SPHERICAL MIRROR
Spherical mirrors represent part of the surface of
a sphere. A section of the outside of a sphere
(viewed from the outside) forms a convex mirror,
and a section of the inside of a sphere forms a
concave mirror.

Concave Mirror- also known as a as http://newton.cnice.mec.es/materiales_didacticos/Optics

converging
mirrors because these mirrors cause reflected light to converge through a point in
front of the mirror. This mirror is curved inward such as the inside of a spoon.
Concave mirrors also form virtual images, but they can form real images too. A real
Image is an image through which light passes and can be projected on screen.

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Convex Mirror- also known as a diverging mirror because the light reflected from
them will diverge from a point located behind the mirror. A convex mirror has a
curve outward such as the outside part of the spoon. All images formed by this
mirror is virtual, upright, and smaller than the original object. Convex mirrors are
useful because they produce images of a large area.
They are often used for security in stores and factories and as side-mirrors in cars and
trucks.

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There is mirrors terminology which you should know.
(see figure 3.1)

1. Vertex (V) is the middle portion of the mirror.

2. Center of curvature (C) is the center of the sphere of
which the curved mirror is a part.
3. Radius of curvature (r) is the distance of the
center of curvature from the vertex.
4. Principal axis (P) is the line drawn passing
through the vertex and the center of curvature. Figure 3.1
5. Secondary axis (S) is a line drawn through the
center of curvature to any part in the mirror.
6. Aperture (A) is the opening of the mirror.
7. Focus (F) is the point where the reflected rays meet.
8. Focal length (f) is the distance between the focus and the vertex

Ray Method of Image Formation

This method is used so we can construct, locate, and

describe the image formed by spherical mirrors.

To construct the image formed by spherical mirrors

by the ray method, draw at least three of the
following rays from point A on the object (See Figure
Figure 3.2
3.2) Ray method in locating image
 Ray 1 is an incident ray parallel to the principal
axis and is reflected through the focus.
 Ray 2 is a ray traveling along a secondary axis and passes through the center
of curvature which is reflected back along with itself.
 Ray 3 is a ray that passes through the focus and is reflected parallel to the principal
axis.

Figure 3.3 summarizes the kind of image formed in a concave mirror at different
positions of the object. Study how the image is constructed using the ray method. Note
the kind of image formed and its application.

. Figure 3.3 Image in a Concave Mirror

Application Application
Used by Used in
ENT solar
surgeons cookers
and
dentist

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 Application Application
Used as an Used in
erecting hospital to
mirror in see
terrestrial internal
telescope part on the
body

Application
Used as
shaving
mirror

The image in a convex mirror

In a convex mirror, the image is always smaller than the

object, erect and located behind the mirror. As the object
is brought closer to the mirror, the size of the image
increases, but it can never become as large as the object
itself.(see figure 3.4)

Figure 3.4 Image in a Convex Mirror

Learning Competency

Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images

formed by plane and curved mirrors.

Activity 1: Let’s Warm up

Multiple Choice: Write the letter of the best answer:

1. What kind of mirror is used in automobiles and trucks to give the driver
a wider area and smaller image of the traffic behind him/her?
a. concave mirror c. plane mirror
b. convex mirror d. none of these
2. The image in a plane mirror is always
a. erect but reversed. c. inverted and reversed.
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b. erect but not reversed. d. inverted but not reverse

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 3. When rays parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror are
reflected, they pass through
a. any point on the axis c. the center of curvature of the mirror.
b. the principal focus. d. the point halfway between the focus and the
mirror.
4. Enlarged image can be formed by
a. concave mirrors only c. either concave or convex mirror
b. convex mirrors only d. neither concave nor convex mi
5. The image formed by a convex mirror is always
a. real c. bigger than the object
b. inverted d. smaller than the object
6. The ray of light approaching the mirror represented by an
arrow
a. Incident rays c. Reflected Ray
b. Vertex line d. Normal line
7. What happened to the light reflected in converging mirrors?
a. light reflected from them will diverge from a point located behind the
mirror
b. light reflected from them will diverge from a center of curvature
c. light reflected from them will converge through a point in front
of the mirror light reflected from them will converge through the
focus
8. The line drawn passing through the vertex and the center of curvature.
a. Vertex line c. Incident rays
b. Curvature line d. Principal axis
9. In concave mirror, the size of image depends upon
a. size of object c. Area covered by the object
b. position of object d. shape of object
10. The size of the image is always smaller than the object in
a. Convex mirror c. Normal mirror
b. Concave mirror d. Plane mirror

Activity 2. Describe that thing

Directions: Identify the term defined, described or referred to in the
following.

1. The kind of image that is formed by the actual ray of light and can be
projected on the screen.
2. The angle between the incident ray and the normal ray.
3. The kind of mirror that will always produce a smaller, virtual and erect
image.
4. The distance between the focus and the vertex of a mirror.
5. The kind of mirror that will produce an image of the same size as the
object, erect and virtual.
6. Position of the object in front of a concave mirror that will produce an
image that is smaller, inverted, and real.
7. Position of the object where no image is formed.
8. The middle portion of the mirror.
9. Spherical mirror used in an automobile that gives a wider view of the
area.
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10. Kind of mirror that will give a virtual, erect and larger image.

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Activity 3: What best describes the image form

Direction: describe the image form following the given statements. Each question
requires two or more answers. (Hint: you can use ray diagram to identify the image form)

1. What best describes the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is at
a distance further than the center of curvature (C) of the mirror?

a. b. c.

2. What best describes the image formed by a concave mirror when the object
distance from the mirror is less than the focal length
a. b. c.

3. What best describes the image formed by a convex mirror when the object
distance from the mirror is less than the absolute value of the focal length (f)?
a. b. c.

4. When the image of an object is seen in a plane mirror, the

image is a. b.

5. When the image of an object is seen in a plane mirror, the distance from the
mirror to the image depends on

a. distance of the from the b.

Activity 4: The Ray Diagram

Direction: draw a ray diagram following the position of the object given in each item. You
can write your answer in a separate piece of paper

1. The object is beyond the center of curvature

2. The object is at the center of the curvature
3. The object is at the focus
4. The object is between the curvature(C) and focus(F)
5. Object at the infinity

Reflection

A. How can you apply the lessons that you have learned in your real-life situation?

B. What was the most challenging part of the activities? Why?

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References

Soccoro P. Santos, Rey C. Martin. 2006. Science Impact Physics. Marikina City: Academe
Publishing House

Meliza P. Valdoz et. Al., 2017. Science Links Worktext for Science and Technology Literacy.
Samploc Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Herma D. Acosta, et al. Science 10 Learner’s Material, Pasig City: Department of Education,
First Edition 2015, p. 175

EASE Module the nature and properties of light. Pasig City: Department of Education

Prepared by

JEFFREY A. FARILLAS
Teacher I/ Writer / Illustrator / Layout Artist
Central Azucarera de Tarlac High School-
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