ENGINEERING GRAPHICS-I

Paper Code: ES157

Lab Manual
Programme Outcomes:
1. Engineering Knowledge (PO01): Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem Analysis (PO02): Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyse
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
3. Design/Development of Solutions (PO03): Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems (PO04): Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions for complex problems:
a. that cannot be solved by straightforward application of knowledge, theories and techniques
applicable to the engineering discipline as against problems given at the end of chapters in a
typical text book that can be solved using simple engineering theories and techniques;
b. that may not have a unique solution. For example, a design problem can be solved in many
ways and lead to multiple possible solutions;
c. that require consideration of appropriate constraints / requirements not explicitly given in
the problem statement such as cost, power requirement, durability, product life, etc.;
d. which need to be defined (modelled) within appropriate mathematical framework; and
e. that often require use of modern computational concepts and tools, for example, in the design
of an antenna or a DSP filter.
5. Modern Tool Usage (PO05): Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and Society (PO06): Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and Sustainability (PO07): Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge
of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics (PO08): Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and Team Work (PO09): Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication (PO10): Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project Management and Finance (PO11): Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long Learning (PO12): Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Course Objectives:
1: The students will learn the introduction of Engineering graphics, various
equipment used, various scales, dimensions and BIS codes used while making
drawings for various streams of engineering disciplines.
2: The students will learn theory of projections and projection of points.
3: The students will learn projection of lines and projection of planes.
4: The students will learn the projection of solid and development of surfaces

Course Outcomes (CO):

CO1: To understand the theory of projections and projection of points.
CO2: Ability to do line projections.
CO3: Ability to do plane projections.
CO4: Ability to do solid projections and development of surfaces

CO PO Mapping:
List of Sheets:
Unit 1 Sheet no.1 Alphabets, Dimensioning and Scales: Engineering Graphics/Technical
Drawing, Introduction to drawing equipment and use of instruments,
Conventions in drawing practice. Types of lines and their uses, BIS codes for
lines, technical lettering as per BIS codes, Introduction to dimensioning,
Types, Concepts of scale drawing, Types of scales

Sheet no.2 Projection of Points: Theory of projections, Perspective, Orthographic,

System of orthographic projection: in reference to quadrants, Projection of
Points, Projection in different quadrants, Projection of point on auxiliary
planes. Distance between two points, Illustration through simple problems.

Unit 2 Sheet no.3 Projection of Lines-I: Line Parallel to both H.P. and V.P., Parallel to one
and inclined to other, Other typical cases: three view projection of straight
lines, true length

Sheet no.4 Projection of Lines-II: angle orientation of straight line: rotation method,
Trapezoidal method and auxiliary plane method, traces of line.
Unit 3 Sheet no.5 Projection of Planes-I: Projection of Planes Parallel to one and
perpendicular to other, Perpendicular to one and inclined to other, Inclined
to both reference planes, Plane oblique to reference planes, traces of planes.

Sheet no.6 Projection of Planes-II: Planes Other than the Reference Planes:
Introduction of other planes (perpendicular and oblique), their traces,
inclinations etc., projections of points and lines lying in the planes,
conversion of oblique plane into auxiliary plane and solution of related
problems.

Unit 4 Sheet no.7 Projection of Solids-I: Projection of solids in first or third quadrant, Axis
parallel to one and perpendicular to other, Axis parallel to one inclined to
other, Axis inclined to both the principal plane, Axis perpendicular to
profile plane and parallel to both H.P. and V.P., Visible and invisible details
in the projection, Use of rotation and auxiliary plane method.

Sheet no.8 Projection of Solids-II Development of Surface: Purpose of development,

Parallel line, radial line and triangulation method, Development of prism,
cylinder, cone and pyramid surface for both right angled and oblique solids,
Development of surface.

Sheet no.9 Projection of actual solids

 SHEET NO. 1
ALPHABETS, DIMENSIONING AND SCALES
Q1: Write free hand, in single stroke, vertical capital letters A, C, G, I, K, M, N and W, as
provided is below table

Q2: In the figure given bellow, unidirectional system of dimensioning is used. Draw the figure
using unidirectional and aligned system of dimensioning separately.

Q3: Draw the following figure to understand the Dimensioning terms and notations
Q4: Construct a scale (Plain) of 1: 4 to show centimetres and long enough to measure up to 5 decimetres.
 SHEET NO. 2
PROJECTION OF POINTS
Q1. Draw the projections of the following points taking common reference line, keeping
the distance between any two consecutive points as 20 mm.
(i) Point A 35 mm in front of VP and 35 mm above HP
(ii) Point B is in HP and 30 mm in front of VP
(iii) Point C is 30 mm above HP and 45 mm behind VP
(iv) Point D is in VP and 45 mm above HP
(v) Point E is 35 mm below HP and 55 mm behind VP
(vi) Point F is in VP and 45 mm below HP
(vii) Point G is in both HP and VP
Q2. A point E is 20 mm below HP and 20 mm behind VP. Another point F is 30 mm
above HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of E and F, keeping the
distance between their projectors 50 mm, draw straight lines joining their (i) Top views
(ii) Front views.
Q3. Two points A and B are in HP. Point A is 30 mm in front of VP, while B is behind the
VP. The distance between their projectors is 75 mm and line joining their top views
makes an angle of 45˚ with XY. Find the distance of the point B from the VP.
Q4. A point P is 40 mm below HP and its shortest distance from XY (reference line) is 55
mm. The point P lies in the third quadrant. Draw its projection.
 SHEET NO. 3
PROJECTION OF LINES-I

Q1. Draw the projections of a 75 mm long straight line, in the following positions:

(i) Parallel to and 30 mm above the H.P. and in the V.P.

(ii) Parallel to and 30 mm below the H.P. and in the V.P.

(iii) Perpendicular to the H.P., 20 mm in front of the V.P. and its one end 15 mm
above the H.P.
(iv) Perpendicular to the H.P., 20 mm behind the V.P. and its one end 15 mm below
the H.P.

(v) Inclined at 30° to the H.P. and its one end 20 mm above it; parallel to and 30
mm in front of the V.P.

Q2. The top view of a 75 mm long line measures 55 mm. The line is in the V.P., its one end
being 25 mm above the H.P. Draw its projections (Front View, Top View and Side View).
Q3. The front view of a line, inclined at 30° to the V.P is 65 mm long. Draw the projections
of the line, when it is parallel to and 40 mm above the H.P., its one end being 30 mm in
front of the V.P. Draw its projections (Front View, Top View and Side View).
Q4. The length of the top view of a line parallel to the V.P. and inclined at 45° to the H.P.
is 50 mm. One end of the line is 12 mm above the H.P. and 25 mm in front of the V.P. Draw
the projections of the line and determine its true length.
 SHEET NO. 4
PROJECTION OF LINES-II

Q1. A line AB, 50 mm long, has its end A in both the H.P. and the V.P. It is inclined at 30° to
the H.P. and at 45° to the V.P. Draw its projections.

Q2. The top view of a 75 mm long line AB measures 65 mm, while the length of its front
view is 50 mm. Its one end A is in the H.P. and 12 mm in front of the V.P. Draw the
projections of AB and determine its inclinations with the H.P. and the V.P.

Q3. A line AB, inclined at 40° to the V.P., has its ends 50 mm and 20 mm above the H.P. The
length of its front view is 65 mm and its V.T. is 10 mm above the H.P. Determine the true
length of AB, its inclination with the H.P. and its H.T.

Q4. The projectors of the ends of a line AB are 50 mm apart. The end A is 20 mm above the
H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P. The end B is 10 mm below the H.P. and 40 mm behind
the V.P. Determine the true length and traces of AB, and its inclinations with the two planes.
 SHEET NO. 5
PROJECTION OF PLANES-I

Q1. An equilateral triangle of 50 mm side has its V.T. parallel to and 25 mm above xy. It has
no H.T. Draw its projections when one of its sides is inclined at 45° to the V.P.

Q2. Draw the projections of a circle of 50 mm diameter, having its plane vertical and inclined
at 30° to the V.P. Its center is 30 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front of the V.P. Show
also its traces.

Q3. A rectangular plane surface of size 50 x 30 is positioned in the first quadrant and is
inclined at an angle of 60° with the H.P. and 30° with the V.P. Draw its projections.

Q4. Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 25 mm side, having one of its sides in the
H.P. and inclined at 60° to the V.P., and its surface making an angle of 45° with the H.P.
 SHEET NO. 6
PROJECTION OF PLANES-II

Q1. Show by means of traces, each of the following planes

(a) Perpendicular to the H.P. and the V.P.
(b) Perpendicular to the H.P. and inclined at 30˚ to the V.P.
(c) Parallel to and 40 mm away from the V.P.
(d) Inclined at 45° to the H.P. and perpendicular to the V.P.
(e) Parallel to the H.P. and 25 mm away from it.

Q2. Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 25 mm side, having one of its sides in the
H.P. and inclined at 60° to the V.P. and its surface making an angle of 45° with the H.P. Use
change of position method to solve the same.

Q3. Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 25 mm side, having one of its sides in the
H.P. and inclined at 60° to the V.P. and its surface making an angle of 45° with the H.P. (Use
Auxiliary Plane Method to solve the same.)

Q4. A semi-circular disc of 60 mm diameter has its straight edge in the VP and inclined to HP
at 45˚. The surface of the plate makes an angle of 30˚ with the VP. Draw the projections. (Use
Auxiliary plane method).
 SHEET NO. 7
PROJECTION OF SOLIDS-I

Q1. Draw the projections of a cone, base 75 mm diameter and axis 100 mm long, lying on the
H.P. on one of its generators with the axis parallel to the V.P.

Q2. Draw the projections of a cylinder 75 mm diameter and 100 mm long, lying on the ground
with its axis inclined at 30" to the V.P. and parallel to the ground.

Q3. A pentagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side and axis 50 mm long has one of its triangular
faces in the V.P. and the edge of the base contained by that face makes an angle of 30° with
the H.P. Draw its projections.

Q4. A hexagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side and axis 50 mm long, has an edge of its base on
the ground. Its axis is inclined at 30° to the ground and parallel to the V.P. Draw its projections.
 SHEET NO. 8
PROJECTION OF SOLIDS-II

Q1. Draw the development of the complete surface of a cylinder. Diameter is 40 mm and the
height is 70 mm.

Q2. Develop the complete surface of a square prism of side of base 40 mm and height 80mm.

Q3. Draw the development of the lateral surface of a square pyramid, side of base 30 mm and
height 50 mm, resting with its base on H.P. All edge of the base are equally inclined to V.P.

Q4. Draw the development of the lateral surface of a cone, base diameter 50 mm and height
70 mm, resting with its base on H.P.