UNIT 1: CAPSTONE PROJECT

SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)

1. Which of the following is not a part of Design Thinking Process?
a. Empathise
b. Sympathise
c. Prototype
d. Define

2.A ______is a project where students must research a topic independently to get a deep understanding of
the subject matter.
a. AI model
b. culminating report
c. senior report
d. capstone

3.Mean Square Error (MSE) is the most commonly used regression loss function. MSE is the sum of
squared distances between our target variable and predicted values. Identify one feature of MSE.
a. It is sensitive to outliers
b. is used on data, conditioned on the output variables.
c. It is good to use if the target data is normally distributed around a median value.
d. It should be compared with Mean Absolute Error, where the optimal prediction is the mean.

4. In problem decomposition:
i. Understand the problem and then restate the problem in your own words
ii. Gather all simple facts to create a complicated piece
iii. Break larger units into simpler ones
iv. Code one small unit at a time
Which of the following is true?
a. i and ii
b. i, iii and iv
c. ii and iv
d. i, ii, iii and iv
5. For Al techniques to be applied to a dataset, the data must have a________
a. association
b. relationship
c. pattern
d. Either a or b

6 An optimum Al model should have a _______ value less than 180.

a. Mean square error
b. Mean Absolute error
c. Quantile loss
d. Root mean square error

7. Determining whether a credit card transaction is fraudulent or not it uses ______ technique.
a Decision Trees
b. Classification
c. Regression
d. Clustering

8. The train test split is a technique for evaluating the performance of a machine learning algorithm. Which
machine learning algorithms can it be used for?
(i) Regression
(ii) Clustering
(iii) Classification
(iv) Deep learning
a. Only i
b. Only ii
c. Both i and iii
d. Both ii and iv

9. Which of the following is NOT a Classification Loss function?

a. Log Loss
b. Hinge loss
c. Exponential loss
d. Mean absolute error

10. After the initial data collection, techniques such as descriptive statistics and _______ can be applied to
datasets to evaluate the content and quality of the data.
a. visualisations
b. analysis
c. validation
d. machine learning

11. A researcher wants to study the association between gender and usage of mobile phone. Data collected
for this study will be_________
a. Qualitative data
b. Quantitative data
c. Continuous data
d. Classified data

12. Primary way to collect DATA (Data Gathering process) is _______ .

a. Experiment
b. Survey
c. Interview
d. Observation

13. The data scientist will use _______ for predictive modelling.
a. Artificial Intelligence
b. Machine Learning
c. Training Set
d. Deep Learning

14. Which one does NOT belong to Classification loss?

a. Log loss
b. Mean Absolute Error
c. Exponential Loss
d. Hinge Loss

15. Which process does NOT come under Capstone Project?

a.AI Model
b. Al Project Cycle
c. Deployment
d. Data Gathering

16. Which one does NOT belong to Regression loss?

a. Log Loss
b. Mean Absolute Error
c. Log cosh Loss
d. Quantile Loss

17. Adding a non-important feature to a linear regression model may result in.
1. Increase in R-square
2. Decrease in R-square
a. Only 1 is correct
b. Only 2 is correct
c. Either 1 or 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2

18. Which of the following options is/are true for K-fold cross-validation?
i. Increase in K will result in higher time required to cross validate the result.
ii. Higher values of K will result in higher confidence on the cross-validation result as compared to lower
value of K.
iii. If K=N, then it is called Leave one out cross-validation, where N is the number of observations.
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3

19. Which of these analytic is NOT based on the type of question?

a. Descriptive
b. Statistical Analysis
c. Forecasting
d. Data evaluation

20. Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT

i. Different transforms of the data used to train the same machine learning model.
 ii. Different machine learning models cannot be trained on the same data.
iii. Different configurations for a machine learning model trained on the same data
a. i)
b. ii)
c. Both ii) and iii)
d. Both i) and ii)

21. If the problem is based on probabilities of an action, then which analytic approach can be used?
a. Predictive Model
b. Prescriptive
c. Diagnostic
d. Descriptive

Short answer type questions.

1.What is a loss function? Name any two Regression Loss functions.

Ans:- A loss function is used by machines to learn. It's a way of determining how well a certain algorithm
models the data. If the forecasts are too far off from the actual findings, the loss function will return a very
large number. Loss function learns to lower prediction error over time with the help of some
"optimisation/objective function”. Regression Loss functions are RMSE and MSE.

2. Can MSE be a negative value? Why/Why not? Give the equation to calculate MSE.
Ans:- MSE cannot be a negative value. The difference between the predicted and actual values can be
negative. However these differences are squared. Hence, all results are either positive or zero

3.What is meant by the iterative nature of the problem-solving methodology?

Ans:- As data scientists have a better understanding of the data and models, they typically return to a prior
stage to make changes. Models aren't built once, deployed, and forgotten about, instead, they're constantly
refined and adapted to changing situations through feedback, refinement, and redeployment. As a result,
both the model and labour that goes into it can continue to add value to the business for as long as the
solution is required. Hence the problem-solving methodology is iterative in nature.

4.The lower the value of MSE, the better is the model’. Do you agree? Why/Why not?
Ans:- MSE is calculated for a regression line as the average of the sum of squares for all data points. MSE is
used to see how close an estimate or forecast is to an actual value. The lower the MSE, the closer the
forecast is to the actual value. So smaller values indicate a better model.
5.What is meant by feedback of model effectiveness?
Ans:- The organisation receives feedback on the model's effectiveness and impact on the environment in
which it was deployed by collecting findings from the implemented model. Data scientists utilise the
feedback to improve the model's accuracy and utility by analysing it. They can automate any or all of the
feedback-gathering, model assessment, refining, and redeployment phases to speed up the model refresh
process and improve results.

6.What do you mean by time series decomposition?

Ans:- Time series decomposition is a fundamental step in time series analysis because it helps in
understanding the different contributing factors in the data and can aid in making forecasts or predictions. It
considers a series as a combination of level, trend, seasonality and noise components.

7. Name the components of the time series decomposition.

Ans:- The components of the time series decomposition are as follows:-

• Level : The average of the series.

• Trend: Any increasing or decreasing value in the series.
• Seasonality: Any repeating short-term cycle in the series
• Noise: Any random variation in the series

8. What is K-NN algorithm and how does it determine the category for a new instance?
Ans:- K-Nearest Neighbour algorithm is one of the simplest Supervised Learning- based Machine learning
algorithm.The K-NN algorithm assumes similarity between the new case and the existing cases and assigns
the new instance to the category that matches the existing cases the most closely. This algorithm can be
applied to both classification and regression.

Long answer type questions.

1. Explain the cross-validation procedure.
Ans Cross-validation is a resampling technique for evaluating machine learning models on a small sample of
data. The process includes only one parameter, k, that specifies the number of groups into which a given
data sample should be divided. It's a popular strategy since it's straightforward to grasp and produces a less
biased or optimistic estimate of model competence than other approaches, such as a simple train/test split.
The following is the general procedure:
i. Randomly shuffle the dataset.
ii. Organise the data into k groups
iii. For each distinct group:
• As a test data set, take a group.
• For training data set, use the remaining groupings.
• Fit the model to the training set and evaluate it against the test set
• Keep the evaluation score but toss out the model.
iv. Using the sample of model evaluation scores, summarise the model's ability.
2. What is Train Test Split Evaluation? State the reasons for choosing this technique.
Ans:-The train test procedure measures the performance of machine learning algorithms when they need to
make predictions on data that were not used to train the model. The technique divides the provided dataset
into two subsets: the training dataset and test dataset. The reasons for choosing this technique are:
• Large dataset
• To estimate the machine learning model's performance on new data that was not used to train the
model
• Better computational efficiency
• A quick overview of model performance

3. Explain the 3 stages of data preparation.

Ans:- Stage 4: Data Collection: During the initial data collection phase, data scientists identify available data
sources (structured, unstructured, and semi-structured) relevant to the problem area. If there is a gap in data
collection, the data scientist may need to modify data requirements accordingly and collect new and/or more
data.
Stage 5: Data Understanding: After the initial data collection, techniques such as descriptive statistics and
visualisations can be applied to datasets to evaluate the content, quality, and initial insights of the data.
Additional data collection may be required to fill the gap.
Stage 6: Data Preparation: This stage contains all the activities to build the dataset used in the subsequent
modelling stage. Activities to prepare data include:-
• data cleansing (handling missing or invalid values, removing duplicates, applying correct formats)
• joining data from multiple sources (files, tables, platforms), and
• the conversion of data to more useful variables.
Data preparation is usually the most time-consuming procedure in a data science project. Automating certain
data preparation steps in advance can speed up the process by minimising ad hoc preparation time.

4. What are hyperparameters? What is their purpose? Give examples of few hyperparameters.
Ans:- Hyperparameters are parameters whose values govern the learning process. They are top-level
parameters that regulate the learning process and model parameters that come from it, as the prefix ‘hyper’
suggests. Since the model cannot modify its values during learning/training, hyperparameters are said to be
external to the model. Some examples of hyperparameters are:
• The ratio of train-test split
• Optimisation algorithms' learning rate (e.g. gradient descent)
• The loss function that the model will employ
• A neural network's number of hidden layers
• A clustering task's number of clusters

5. Explain the purpose of evaluation and deployment stage.

Ans:- Evaluation Stage
The data scientist
 • utilises a testing set for predictive models (that is separate from the training set but follows the same
probability distribution and has a known outcome.) The testing set is used to assess the model and
adjust it as necessary.
• For a final assessment, the final model is sometimes applied to a validation set as well.
In addition, data scientists can use statistical significance tests to verify the model's accuracy.
Deployment Stage
The model is deployed into the production environment or an equivalent test environment once it has been
built and authorised by the business sponsors. It is usually used in a restricted capacity until its effectiveness
has been thoroughly assessed. Deploying a model into a live business process frequently necessitates the
involvement of additional internal teams, skills, and technology

Competency-based/Application-based questions:
Consider the following statements containing an assertion and a reason
Select the appropriate option for the statements given above:
a Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is False but R is true

i. Assertion (A): At the core of every Al model is finding patterns in data

Reason (R): Finding the right pattern is usually an iterative process
Ans: b

ii. Assertion (A): Consider that the goal of an Al model is to predict an answer such as "yes" or "no"
Reason (R): In such a case, predictive modeling can be used.
Ans: c

iii. Assertion (A): Nowadays, predictive models are not able to better predict rare events such as disease
or system failure.
Reason (R): Today's high-performance database analytics enable data scientists to utilise large
datasets that contain large or even all of the available data.
Ans: d

iv. Assertion (A): We follow problem decomposition methodology that can be applied to real-life
problems as well
Reason (R): Real-life problem solving is complicated.
Ans. a
 v. Assertion (A): The data scientist reviews the model during development and before deployment to
determine its quality and ensures that it correctly and completely answers the business problem.
Reason (R): Data scientist uses statistical significance tests to verify the model's accuracy.
Ans. b

vi. Assertion (A): After the initial data collection, techniques such as descriptive statistics and
visualisations are applied to datasets.
Reason (R): This step is carried out to evaluate the content, quality, and initial insights of the data.
Ans. a

vii. Assertion (A): Loss function learns to increase prediction error over time with the help of some
"optimisation/ objective function."
Reason (R): A loss function is used by machines to learn.
Ans. d

viii. Assertion (A): Real-world data can be strange and deceptive.

Reason (R): Data can be gathered from a variety of sources, including Government websites.
Ans. b

ix. Assertion (A): The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is a metric for determining how well a
regression line fits the data points.
Reason (R): RMSE places a higher weight on the errors due to the squaring element of the function.
Ans. c

x. Assertion (A): A split technique divides the provided dataset into two subsets-training and test
subset.
Reason (R): As a result, the process is frequently referred to as k-fold cross-validation.
Ans. c
 UNIT 2: MODEL LIFECYCLE

1. The design phase is an ___________ process and includes many steps like data collection, cleaning,
running a set of models, etc.
a. algorithmic
b. recursion
c. iterative
d. algebraic
2. Which of the following is NOT an Al development platform?
a. Google Cloud
b. EVA
c. IBM Watson
d. BigML

3. During the _______ stage , the various Al development platforms like Scikit-learn, Watson Studio etc are
evaluated.
a. Scoping
b. Acquire
c. Design
d. Deployment

4. Which of the following is the last stage of an Al model life cycle?

a. Design
b. Problem Scoping
c. Testing
d. Deployment

5. Assertion (A): Test data should contain all relevant subsets of training data.
Reason (R): By using similar data for training and testing, the effects of data inconsistencies are reduced and
a better understanding of the model's properties can be gained.
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
6. Choose the correct statements regarding the Evaluation stage:
(i) The volume of test data can be huge, that provides data complexities.
(ii) Involves planning of the AI project.
(iii) If the AI solution requires data from other systems, systems integration testing is critical.
(iv) Human biases in picking test data might have a negative impact on the testing phase; thus, data
validation is critical.
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (i), (ii) and (iii)
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
d. (i), (iii) and (iv)

7. Which of the following stage of AI model lifecycle is referred by the statement "Collecting data from
various reliable and authentic sources"?
a. Data Acquisition
b. Modelling
c. Data Exploration
d. Problem Scoping

Short answer type questions.

1. What is the purpose of Data Exploration?
Ans. After gathering data, processes such as
• data cleaning to locate missing values
• eliminating worthless data (erroneous samples and outliers)
• performing basic statistical analysis such as drawing graphs (or any other visual representation) and
comparing different properties of the data set, are carried out. The initial insights gained help to get
an understanding of the data and later on, help in algorithm selection, metrics choice, etc. It is useful
to see which elements are more essential and what the overall trend of the data is.

2.During which stage of the AI model cycle should we take care of AI Ethics? What are the challenges to
this process?
Ans. During the development of the Al model (modelling phase), care should be taken that the programmer
is including data, instructions, etc. that provides protection of all liberties for all citizens as per the
fundamental rights of the country. There are two main challenges-One is getting access to high-quality and
standardised datasets and second is being able to find skilled programmers who can develop reliable and
high-quality machines.

Long answer type questions.

1. List four considerations that should be kept in mind during the testing phase.
Ans.
• The volume of test data can be huge, that provides data complexities
• Human biases in picking test data might have a negative impact on the testing phase; thus, data
validation is critical.
• The testing team should put the AI and ML algorithms through rigorous testing while maintaining
model validity and keeping successful learning ability, and algorithm efficacy in mind.
• Also, due to the sheer volume of data, performance testing is critical.

2. Explain the terms overfitting, underfitting and perfect fit in terms of model testing.
Ans.
• Overfitting: A model is overfitted when it is trained with a lot of data. The model does not categorise
the data correctly as there are too many details. To avoid overfitting, model complexity must be
reduced.
• Underfitting: It usually happens when we have less data to build an accurate model. The Al model or
the algorithm does not fit the data well enough. To avoid underfitting, the training period must be
increased to get better results.
• Perfect fit: This happens when our model is able to predict with good accuracy on both testing and
validation data. This happens with correct set of all the hyperparameters.

3. Create a 4W Project Canvas for the following: It makes no difference whether you are in the driver's or
passenger's seat. We've all been stuck in traffic for hours.Long, never-ending lines and blasting horns are a
regular occurrence in any metropolis. Despite the fact that our modes of mobility have advanced
significantly in recent years, our traffic management systems have struggled to keep up with the increase in
the number of cars. AI, on the other hand, has the potential to provide a solution to this problem. Siemens
Mobility has developed a prototype of a monitoring system that employs artificial intelligence (AI) via
surveillance cameras placed along the rails. Cameras detect the number of vehicles in real-time and send the
data to a control centre, where algorithms compute traffic density. The system adjusts the sequence of traffic
lights on the roads based on this information.

Competency-based/Application-based questions:
1. Consider the following statements containing an assertion and a reason:
Select the appropriate option for the statements given above:
a Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is False but R is true
i. Assertion (A): Before beginning to build a solution, it is critical to first understand the problem description
and business limitations.
Reason (R): Business limitations assist you in realising the required solution's quality and terms.
Ans. a

ii. Assertion (A): The Al project cycle provides the right framework to guide us to our goals.
Reason (R): Al project cycle is an iterative process.
Ans. b

iii. Assertion (A): Once a model has been created and trained, it can be deployed without evaluation.
Reason (R): The model can be evaluated using Testing Data and the model's efficiency can be assessed.
Ans. d

iv. Assertion (A): During "Exploratory Data Analysis", the initial insights gained help to get an
understanding of the data and later on, help in algorithm selection, metrics choice, etc.
Reason (R): The quality of the data being used by the Al model does not affect the model.
Ans. c

v. Assertion (A): A separate validation dataset is used for evaluation during training.
Reason (R): The team involved in testing must develop test suites to aid in the validation of the ML models.
Ans. b

2. Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT.

i) The volume of test data can be large, that presents complexities.
ii) Your testing team should test the Al and ML algorithms keeping model validation, successful learn
ability, and algorithm effectiveness in mind.
iii) Test data should include all irrelevant subsets of training data, i.e, the data you will use for training the
AI system.
a. None of the Below
b. ii)
c. iii)
d. i), ii) & ⅲ)
Ans. c
 UNIT 3: STORYTELLING THROUGH DATA

Tick (✔) the correct option.

1. The process of telling a story ________ is known as storytelling.
a. Compelling
b. Narratively
c. Both a and b
d. Intensely

2.Which of the following is NOT a key element of a data story?

a. immersive experience
b. data
c. visuals
d. narrative

3.The importance of data visualisation is:

a. Let the audience focus on business insights to discover areas that need attention
b. Reveal previously unnoticed key points about data sources to help decision-makers write data analytics
reports
c. Help decision-makers understand how business data is interpreted to drive business decisions
d. All of the above

4. Which of the following is a means of delivering facts with a compelling narrative to a specific audience?
a. Bringing characters to life
b. Storytelling
c. Data storytelling
d. Enthralling visuals

5. Data storytelling has which of these components?

a. Setup
b. Conflict
c. Resolution
d. All of the above
Short answer type questions.
1. What do you mean by data storytelling?
Ans. Data storytelling is a means of delivering facts with a compelling narrative to a specific audience.

2. Which approach is used in data storytelling to delivering data insights?

Ans. Data storytelling uses a structured approach to delivering data insights that always include a
combination of three main elements: data, graphics, and narrative.

3. What is the role of data, graphics and narrative in data storytelling?

Ans. When the proper graphics and narrative are combined with the correct data, you have a data story that
has the potential to impact and drive change.

4. Which chart type is good for numeric data visualisation?

Ans. A line or step graph would be the greatest visual for numerical data.

5. Why is data storytelling popular? Give any two reasons.

Ans. Over the last couple of years, data storytelling has grown in popularity because:
• It is a powerful method for expressing the human experience.
• It aids in the dissemination of information/results.

6 . Identify the below elements used to make a compelling data story

Ans. Visualisation & Data

7. Name any two key elements of data storytelling?

Ans. 1. Visuals
2. Data

8. Analyse the data and represent it in tabular form.

Ans.

9. What are the two possible graphs that can be used to represent this data?
Ans. Bar Graph, Line Graph

10. What elements of data storytelling, when merged together can engage the audience?
Ans Narrative and Visual

B. Long answer type questions.

1. What is the purpose of visualisation in data storytelling? Name a few visualisation tools
Ans. Visualising your data story improves comprehension at all levels. Stories with data visualisation
present information in a simple manner, highlight the most relevant data and express crucial ideas fast.
There are numerous ways to visualise your data, including flowcharts, bar charts, infographics, pie charts,
and scatterplots. Only those visualisations must be chosen that will make it easier for your audience to grasp
and interact with the data.

2. Explain how the three elements of a data story can influence change.
Ans. Data storytelling uses a structured approach to delivering data insights that always includes a
combination of three main elements data, graphics, and narrative. When a narrative is backed by data, it
helps to explain to the audience what is happening in the data and why a specific insight was developed.
When visuals are applied to data, they can enlighten the audience to insights that they would not have
noticed otherwise, such as charts or graphs. Finally, when narrative and images are combined, the audience
can be engaged or even entertained When proper graphics and narrative are combined with correct data, you
have a data story that has the potential to impact and drive change.

3.Is data analysis enough to gain insights? Why is there a need for data storytelling?
Ans. Even after data analysis, there is no assurance that the analysis alone can bring change in the people
unless it is narrated properly. The analysis that is having both data and analytics with a good narrative is
much more effective than anecdotes or personal experiences.
4. A group of students were taught machine learning. A survey was conducted to map their interest before
and at the end of the course. The graph showing their interest is as follows: Create a data story from this
information.
5. The housing prices in City A for the past 3 years are shown below and create an effective data story from
the given tabular data.

Ans.

6. What are the steps involved in telling an effective data story?

Ans.1. Understanding the audience
2. Choosing the right data and visualisations
3. Drawing attention to key information
4. Developing a narrative
5. Engaging your audience
7. Visualise the following data on bar graph.

Ans.

8. Why has data storytelling acquired a place of importance?

Ans. 1. It is an effective tool to transmit human experience. Narrative is the way we simplify and make sense
of a complex world. It supplies context, insight, interpretation all the things that make data meaningful, more
relevant and interesting.
2. No matter how impressive an analysis, or quality the data is, it is not going to compel change unless the
people involved understand what is explained through a story.
3. Stories that incorporate data and analytics are more convincing than those based entirely on anecdotes or
personal experience.
4. It helps to standardise communications and spread results.
5. It makes information memorable and easier to retain in the long run.

9.What is data storytelling? Explain in detail.

Ans. Data storytelling is a structured approach for communicating insights drawn from data, and invariably
involves a combination of three key elements: data, visuals, and narrative When the narrative is
accompanied with data, it helps to explain the audience what's happening in the data and why a particular
insight has been generated. When visuals are applied to data, they can enlighten the audience to the insights
that they wouldn't perceive without the charts or graphs. Finally, when narrative and visuals are merged
together, they can engage or even entertain an audience. When you combine the right visuals and narrative
with the right data, you have a data story that can influence and drive change.

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT 1: COMMUNICATION SKILLS – IV

SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)

1. Which of the following is NOT a step of active listening?
a. Evaluate
b. Receiving
c. Feedback
d. Post

2 Which of the following is a barrier to active listening?

a. Eye contact
b. Being preoccupied
c. Gestures
d. Avoiding distractions

3. MINTS is a simple set of rules that assist you in correctly ________ the words.
a. capitalising
b. punctuating
c. joining
d. interjecting
4. Hearing is_________
a. active
b. passive
c. Neither (a) nor (b)
d. Both (a) and (b)

5. Which one of the following aptly defines a sentence?

a. A combination of words
b. A group of similar words
c. A combination of words that conveys a complete meaning
d. None of the above

6. Assertion (A): Active listening is an art that combines a desire to understand with the ability to support
and empathise with the speaker
Reason (R): Active listening can have an impact on your job effectiveness.
a Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true

7. "When will aunt Suman visit us?" is a

a. Declarative Sentence
b. Imperative Sentence
c. Exclamatory Sentence
d. Interrogative Sentence

8 What does P in RESPECT for active listening' stand for?

a. Popularity
b. pin your ears back
c. pay attention and concentrate on what the speaker is saying
d. pay money to the speaker

9. Which among the following involves listening, speaking, writing, or transferring information in any other
form to understand others?
a. Communication
b. Concentration
c. Talking
d. Emailing

10. Communication requires a_______ who encodes and transmits a message across a channel,
and a receiver who decodes the message and provides ____________
a. sender, information
b. sender, feedback
c. feedback, sender
d. source, feedback

11. You work at the front desk of a telecom company. A customer approaches you while you are working.
The customer has a query regarding a bill. What would you do?
a. Not pay attention to the customer
b. Keep the work aside and help the customer
c. Continue doing your work while talking inattentively to the customer
d. Ask the customer to talk to someone else

12. Which of the following can be a barrier to active listening?

a. Noisy environment
b. Not maintaining an eye contact with the speaker
c. Not being attentive
d. All of the above

SECTION B (Subjective Type Questions)

A. Short answer type questions.

1. Define simple and complex sentences Also, give examples.
Ans. A simple sentence is one with only one subject and one predicate or one with only one finite verb.
Example: She loves dancing.
A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. Example:
Most students had read the book; however, Aditi had not.

2. What are the non-verbal cues of active listening?

Ans . i. Keep eyes on the speaker
ii. Sit still and do not interrupt
iii. Raise your hand to ask any question/clarify doubts

3. Differentiate between hearing and listening.

Ans. Hearing is merely the act of perceiving sound with the ear Listening on the other hand is something
you intentionally choose to do. Listening necessitates concentration of your brain to process meaning from
words and sentences.

4. Why is active listening crucial in the workplace?

Ans. Active listening allows others to feel more at ease while sharing information with us. People will be
more interested in interacting with us frequently if we display our capacity to honestly listen to what others
have to say. This can help to create new opportunities.

5. Identify the following as simple, compound and complex sentences:

i. Alisha and Jassi went to the park in the evening
ii. Surbhi went to the garden and plucked some flowers.
iii. The house was so beautiful that Dad decided to buy it
iv. Anjali can stay or leave.
iv. Although it was a sunny day, we did not go for a picnic.
Ans. i. Alisha and Jassi went to the park in the evening. (Simple)
ii. Surbhi went to the garden and plucked some flowers. (Compound)
iii. The house was so beautiful that Dad decided to buy it. (Complex)
iv. Anjali can stay or leave. (Compound)
v.Although it was a sunny day, we did not go for a picnic. (Complex)

Long answer type questions.

1. What are the five phases of active listening?
Ans. The following are the five phases of active listening.
a. Receiving: It includes paying close attention.
b. Recognition: It is an informed agreement regarding something or someone.
c. Remembering: It refers to the retrieval or recollection of past information.
d. Evaluating: It is the process of determining the worth, quantity or quality, significance of something or
someone.
e. Responding: It is the act of saying or doing anything in response to something spoken or done.
2. What do you understand by Feedback? Why is it necessary in communication?
Ans. Feedback is vital in communication since it allows the sender to determine whether or not the receiver
understood the message. Feedback can be either positive or negative. However, in both circumstances, one
must be respectful so that the person receiving the input doesn't get hurt or insulted.

3. What is communication? Explain the purpose of sender and receiver in communication.

Ans. Communication is a two-way process in which information or messages are communicated between
individuals through the use of words, symbols, signs, or behaviour. The components of communication that
help us comprehend others are speaking, listening, reading, and writing. To learn a language, four
fundamental skills must be developed:
listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Communication requires a sender who encodes and transmits a message across a channel, and a receiver
who decodes the message and provides feedback.

4. Explain any two factors that influence active listening?

Ans. Following are the factors that influence active listening:
• Eye Contact
Eye contact is a must while communicating. It is one of the most important parts of communication
Maintaining eye contact with the person you're speaking to communicates to the speaker, "Yes, I'm talking
to you or listening to you." Avoiding eye contact could indicate that you do not want to hear what the person
speaking to you is saying. Avoiding eye contact may also depict lack of confidence
• Avoiding distractions
You must first identify the sources of your diversions. To listen properly, you must physically remove all
distractions. Reduce the ringtone on your mobile or turn it off while attending a meeting or listening to
someone to avoid distraction. Another example is that you should avoid regularly checking your
Instagram/Whatsapp messages.

5. What do you understand by object in a sentence? Differentiate between direct and indirect object using
suitable examples.
Ans. Object is the receiver of the action performed by the subject in a sentence.
The object in a sentence can be either direct or indirect. Let us understand both.
• Direct object
➢ a noun or pronoun receiving the action
➢ generally preceded by the verb
➢ does not depend on the indirect object
• Indirect object
➢ a noun/pronoun that receives the direct object.
➢ generally preceded by prepositions
➢ depends on the direct object
 SENTENCE DIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT
He gave his son a present. present Son
The little boy drew his teacher a picture. Picture teacher
My sister bought me some chocolates. chocolates me

Competency-based/Application-based questions:
Misha is working as an assistant to a fashion designer. Her duty is to provide dress materials that her boss
requests. Misha puts her heart and soul into her work seeing to it that her boss gets all quality materials on
time. However, her boss does not give her any feedback and criticizes Misha all the time. As a result, now
Misha has become demotivated. What advice will you give to Misha's boss.
Ans. Misha's boss should do the following things:
• Build rapport with Misha
• Give timely feedback to Misha
• Give specific instructions in case Misha has not understood her request.
• Maintain eye contact while talking to Misha

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT 2: SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS – IV

SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)

1. People are ___________ motivated to accomplish something because it gives them pleasure.
a. externally
b. internally
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these

2. In SMART goals, M refers to ____________ .

a. measure
b. meaning
c. measurable
d. material

3. A person suffering from ________ disorder appears to be emotionally frigid and displays little interest in
building personal ties.
a. schizoid personality disorder
b. dependent personality disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder
d. narcissistic personality disorder

4. _________is crucial in our understanding of ourselves, our relationships with others, and our
understanding of the world around us.
a. self-understanding
b. Pre-planning
c. self-awareness
d. Positive attitude
5. Which of the following is NOT a basic personality trait?
a. Emotional stability
b. Open-mindedness
c. agreeableness
d. Obsessive-compulsive personality

6.__________ and positive thinking can assist us in overcoming our challenges and taking on new
objectives.
a. Personality trait
b. Adaptability
c. Motivation
d. Stress

7. A_________ is a style of thinking, feeling, and acting that deviates from social standards and produces
long- term pain.
a. personality disorder
b. motivation
c. stress
d. depression

8. Which of the following is NOT the correct way to manage stress?

a. Practice Yoga and meditation
b. Eat junk food like burgers, pizzas for comfort
c. Talk to your family and friends
d. Get adequate sleep
9. Amit is contesting in College President election. He is arrogant, loves to glorify his achievements and
ignores the suggestions of his friends. Which type of personality disorder is this?
a. Antisocial personality disorder
b. Borderline personality disorder
c. Histrionic personality disorder
d. Narcissistic personality disorder

10. In SMART goals, T stands for Time Bound. This means_____________

a. Set realistic goals
b. Set a deadline and adhere to it
c. Track your goals
d. Avoid unnecessary stress

11. Which of the following is not a parameter to describe an individual's personality?

a. Self-confidence
b. Openness
c. Neuroticism
d. Agreeableness

Short answer type questions.

1. Name any two sources of motivation.
Ans. Books and music

2 What is the purpose of self-motivation?

Ans Self-motivation is important because:
• It increases an individual's energy and activity.
• It guides a person to a specific goal.
• It leads to the initiation and persistence of certain activities.
• It affects cognitive processes and learning strategies used to perform similar tasks.

3.What are the two types of motivation? Explain using examples.

Ans. i. Intrinsic Motivation: An individual expresses a desire to do his or her job without any external
reward.
For example, if someone loves music and is passionate about learning it, then due to intrinsic motivation, the
person is willing to attend music classes, that gives him or her immense pleasure.
ii. Extrinsic Motivation: It occurs when we feel pressurised by outside forces to perform an activity either to
receive a reward or to avoid punishment.
For example, an intrinsically motivated student will self-study, complete homework, while an extrinsically
motivated student will complete lessons to avoid punishment or to receive rewards.

4. What are the different factors that shape personality?

Ans. Personality is shaped through family, culture, society, education and other environmental factors

5. Explain any two personality disorders.

Ans.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: People with this illness are obsessive about following
rules and regulations. They are distinguished by an overbearing desire for orderliness, perfectionism,
and attention to detail
• Paranoid personality disorder: It is characterised by suspicion towards others, especially friends,
family members, and lovers. People with this disease frequently harbour grudges against others.

Long answer type questions.

1. What is an action plan? What details should an action plan include?
Ans. An action plan specifies how you intend to proceed as well as the manner in which a person or
organisation will satisfy the objectives. It describes the actions to be done in detail to attain the goal. As a
result, it is made up of multiple parts.
Each action, process, or modification should include the following details:
• What changes will occur as a result of the actions?
• Who will implement the changes?
• When will the changes be implemented?
• How long will the changes be in effect?
• What resources are required to implement the changes?
• Who should be informed and what information should be communicated?

2. List 4 ways to overcome a personality disorder.

Ans. Following are the methods to overcome personality disorders:
• Speak with someone. It is usually beneficial to express your emotions.
• Take care of your physical health. A healthy body may aid in the maintenance of a healthy mind.
• Take up a hobby, such as music, dance or painting. These have a healing effect
• Maintain a positive attitude by using terms like 'challenges instead of problems.

3. What is the Five Factor Model? Explain any 3 factors of this model
Ans An individual's personality may be described using five characteristics. These five dimensions are also
known as the Big Five Factors, and the concept is known as the Five Factor Model, or FFM
 • Openness: Individuals who are open to new experiences are often creative, curious, energetic,
adaptable, and adventurous. An open-minded individual is someone interested in learning new
things, meeting new people, and making new friends, as well as travelling to new areas.
• Consciousness: People who listen to their conscience are self-disciplined, do their work on time, put
others first, and are concerned about the sentiments of others.
• Extraversion: Extroverts are people who enjoy connecting with others and are often sociable. A
confident and extrovert person is someone who can readily make friends and make any gathering
interesting.

4. When a person becomes self-aware, he or she becomes aware of everything and begins to look at things
or circumstances objectively. List the steps of becoming self-aware.
Ans. The steps to become self-aware are:
• The first stage in developing self-awareness is to become more conscious of one's emotions.
• The second stage in developing self-awareness is to develop a practise of journaling one's feelings.
• The third stage in practising self-awareness is to broaden one's practise of aspects of life besides
one's feelings.

5. Agrim does not like following rules. He never stops at a red light, frequently gets into arguments with his
friends and becomes quite aggressive. What kind of personality disorder is Agrim suffering from? Define
this personality disorder.
Ans. Agrim is suffering from anti-social personality disorder. It is characterised by a disdain for social rules
and duties. They are irritable and aggressive, and they behave rashly. They have a lack of shame and fail to
learn from their mistakes.They may lie, steal, abuse, and may develop an addiction to alcohol or narcotics.

C. Competency-based/Application-based questions:
Niti wants to succeed in life. She wants to have it all-money, fame and prosperity What would be your
advice to Niti?
Ans. Niti should cultivate the following skills
• Positive thinking: believing that one is capable of accomplishing one's goals
• Result orientation : the ability to think big and work towards attaining the desired or pre-determined
results.
• Self-awareness: being aware of one's personality traits, knowing one's weaknesses and maximising
one's strengths.
 EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT 3: ICT SKILLS – IV

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. In Calc spreadsheet software, _________ are numbered from 1 and __________ are numbered from A
onwards.
a. columns, rows
b. columns, spreadsheet
c. rows, columns
d. rows, slides

2. What is the value of the following formula:

=SUM(10,20,30,40)
a. 110
b. 100
c. 40
d. Error

3._______________is a collection of numerous rows and columns.

a. worksheet
b. slide
c. workbook
d. None of the above

4. What is the keyboard shortcut of Paste?

a. Ctrl + P
b. Ctrl + C
c. Ctrl + V
d. Ctrl + X

5. Which of the following does NOT exist in a slide layout in Impress?

a. Title
b. Animation
c. Image
d. Text Box

6. When we give 'D12' in a formula in Calc, we are referring to

a. cell reference
b. cell name
c. cell range
d. function
7. In which menu in Impress will you find features like Duplicate Slide, Delete Slide, etc.?
a. File
b. workbook
c. Insert
d. Slide

8. What happens when you select a cell in Calc and type '=C12' in the cell?
a. The selected cell will show the value in cell C12.
b. The selected cell will be blank.
c. The selected cell will show C12 written in it.
d. Error

9. In Impress, the slide that announces the topic and sets the tone for the presentation is the _________ .
a. content slide
b. master slide
c. title slide
d. handout

10. Which feature in Calc helps to display data in column(s) as per specified criteria?
a. Sorting
b. Filtering
c. Functions
d. All of the above
11. Mr Gupta has a spreadsheet with a list of 500 items in his shop. A customer comes and asks for a
particular item. How should he arrange the data so that he can find that item fast? What would Mr Gupta do?
He will _________ .
a. apply filter
b. sort the data
c. use password
d. format data

12. Which of the following features is used to perform addition in spreadsheets?

a. Format option
b. Charts
c. Graphs
d. Formula

Short answer type questions.

1. Define workbook.
Ans. A workbook is a single file that contains one or more worksheets. Each sheet can contain a large
number of cells organised into rows and columns.

2. What is an active cell?

Ans. The selected cell is called the active cell and is highlighted with a thick border. Also, the address of the
active cell is displayed in the Name box.

3. What is filter in spreadsheet software?

Ans. Filtering is a quick and simple way to find and work with specific data based on the criteria you
specify. The filter feature selectively hides the data you don't want to see and displays only the rows or
columns that meet the conditions or criteria you set.

4. If cell A1 contains 10 and cell B1 contains 50, the formula is given in C1 as A1+B1.
i. The cell C1 does not show 60 as answer instead displays A1+B1. What could be the reason?
ii. Can we give the formula in any other way?
Ans. i. The cell C1 should contain a formula starting with = sign. In cell C1, enter=A1+B1.
ii. We can enter in C1 cell =sum(A1:B1).

5. What is the use of fill handle?

Ans. The Calc Fill Handle tool is used to automatically fill input in series. It fills the next cells when we
drag it with the next pre-defined value. For example, if you want to fill the numbers in sequence of even
numbers 2, 4, 6., or days of the week as Monday, Tuesday.... or months as Jan, Feb..., we need to enter the
first two values, select them and drag to the next cells to generate the series.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS.

1. What do you understand by presentation? Name few presentation software.
Ans. Presentation is a way of systematic display of information. It includes pictures, text, graphics, audios,
videos and animated objects that are organised and presented in a proper sequence. With the advent of
computers and development of different types of presentation software, ideas or information can be
presented in a more effective, efficient and interesting way.
There are a variety of presentation software available:
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Google Slides
• Prezi
• OpenOffice Impress
• LibreOffice Impress
• Sway

2. Define the following terms in association with spreadsheet:

i. Formula bar
ii. Name box
iii. Worksheet
Ans.i. Formula bar: Whatever you input, it appears in the formula bar. You can also immediately input or
change data and formulas in the Formula Bar.
ii. Name box: The location of the selected cell is displayed in the name box. The cell's location is a
combination of column and row. For instance, B5, where B denotes the column name and 5 denotes the row
number.
iii. Worksheet: A worksheet is a collection of cells in the shape of a grid (a network of intersecting lines
that form rectangles). When you initially open a spreadsheet, you will see a blank worksheet with the name
'Sheetl’.

3. What do you understand by function? Name and define the various functions Calc provides.
Ans. A function is a pre-defined formula that performs calculations with specific values in a specific order.
One of the primary advantages of functions is that they can save your time because you do not have to write
the formula yourself. Calc has various functions to help you with your calculations
i. SUM: To calculate the sum of a given range of numbers
ii. MAX: To find the maximum number from a given range of numbers
iii. MIN: To find the minimum number from a given range of numbers
iv. AVERAGE. To find the average value of a given range of numbers
4. What are the advantages of spreadsheets?
Ans. Spreadsheet programmes have grown in popularity due to the following benefits:
i. Built-in functions make calculations easier, faster, and more accurate.
ii. Large amounts of data can be handled and manipulated with ease.
iii. Data can be exported to or imported from other applications.
iv. Data can be easily represented in pictorial form, such as graphs or charts.
v. Formulae are automatically recalculated when the underlying data values change.

5. Differentiate between Undo and Redo.

Ans. While working in the worksheet, 'Undo' command helps the user to reverse the series of actions and
'Redo' helps reverse the actions that have been executed by the 'Undo' action.
Pressing 'Ctrl+Z' or by clicking on the 'Undo' option from the 'Edit' menu or by clicking on the 'Undo' button
from the standard toolbar, we can undo. Pressing 'Ctrl+Y' or by clicking on the 'Redo' option from the 'Edit'
menu or by clicking on the 'Redo' button from the standard toolbar, we can redo.

Competency-based/Application-based questions:
Muskan has done market analysis for the launch of a new product. Now she has to showcase her analysis to
the board members where she works. How should Muskan showcase her results?
Ans. Muskan should showcase her results using a presentation software. She should include graphs for her
analysis and transitions and animations to make her presentation appeasing to all.

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT 4: ENTREPREURIAL SKILLS – IV

A. Tick the correct option.

1._________means not to give up and keep going even when a challenging situation arises while running a
business.
a. Motivation
b. Self-awareness
c. Perseverance
d. Determination

2. An ________ acts as a means of assisting budding entrepreneurs in recognising and designing one-of-a-
kind distinctive business possibilities.
a. entrepreneurship development programme
b. stress management programme
c. business development programme
d. mentor development programme

3. Which among the following is a part of entrepreneurship process?

a. Developing of business plans
b. Using innovation, launching and running the business
c. Both a and b
d. None of these

4. Which of the following is NOT a quality of a successful entrepreneur?

a. willingness to take risks
b. ability to learn from mistakes
c. motivated
d. taking frequent holidays

5. Most ________thrive on technological ideas or offer technologically-driven solutions.

a. startups
b. entrepreneurs
c. mentors
d. businesses

6. Entrepreneurship-cum-skill development programmes are offered by ___________.

a. National Informatics Centre
b. National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development
c. Ministry of Telecommunications
d. Ministry of Commerce

7. An entrepreneur's primary responsibility is to secure the timely availability of all the_____________ .

a. money
b. infrastructure
c. resources
d. supplies
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS.
1. List few barriers to becoming an entrepreneur.
Ans.
• Unfavourable business environment
• Tax disadvantages, a lack of property rights, and abusive tax behaviour
• Capital shortage
• Skilled workforce issues
• A lack of entrepreneurial mindset and training
• Aversion to risk

2. What are the benefits of entrepreneurship?

Ans. Among the numerous advantages are the following:
• Engage in activities that stimulate your interest: Entrepreneurship allows you to start and do what
you enjoy by combining your interests and talents.
• Work for yourself, not for others: As an entrepreneur, you have the option of working for yourself
rather than for someone else. You have the freedom to choose the type of work you want to
undertake and how you want to accomplish it
• Make profits for yourself. As an entrepreneur, you have the freedom to choose how much money you
want to make and how you want to make it.

3. Why should an entrepreneur display Perseverance?

Ans. It is critical to be persistent, patient, and willing to continue even if the first battle is lost. Entrepreneurs
must reman focused, patient, and confident in their mission. Only by attempting different things and
methodologies can a solution be found.

4. Who is an entrepreneur?
Ans. An entrepreneur is someone who seeks to address the demands of a consumer through new ideas or
ways of doing business while still making a profit. New ideas for adding value to a firm can take many
forms, including new products such as adding variation and new services such as home delivery or credit
services.

5. What is meant by a business idea?

Ans. A business idea is a thought that can be used to make money and is usually focused on a product or
service that can be sold for money. The first step in the process of establishing a successful business is the
generation of an idea.

6. Mention any two qualities of a successful entrepreneur.

Ans. Initiative, willingness to take risks, ability to learn from experience, motivation, self-confidence, hard
work, decision making ability.

7. What motivates an entrepreneur?

Ans. An entrepreneur has the potential and willingness to overcome every hurdle that comes in his/her way.
Qualities can be uniqueness, need to influence, identifying opportunities and risk taking.

B. Long answer type questions.

1. What are the essential functions that an entrepreneur must accomplish? Explain any four.
Ans. The following are some of the essential functions that an entrepreneur must accomplish:
i. Identifying business opportunities. There are numerous opportunities in the corporate sector. These are
based on ever-changing human requirements such as food, fashion, and education. The general population is
unaware of these opportunities. However, an entrepreneur detects opportunities faster than others. As a
result, the entrepreneur must have his or her eyes and ears open at all times. To become an entrepreneur, one
must have vision, creativity, and innovativeness.
ii. Putting ideas into action: Entrepreneurs must be able to put their ideas into action. They should be able to
gather information on ideas, products, and processes in order to meet market demand.
iii. Feasibility study. Entrepreneurs undertake feasibility studies to determine the commercial viability of a
new product or service They anticipate problems and evaluate the number, quality, pricing, and sources of
inputs needed to run the business. A "business plan' or 'project report is a roadmap of all actions.
iv. Resourcing: To establish a successful business, an entrepreneur requires a variety of resources such as
money. machinery, raw materials, and labour. An entrepreneur's primary responsibility is to secure the
timely availability of all of these resources.

2. What are some methods for prospective entrepreneurs to identify new business opportunities and assess
their potentials and hazards?
Ans. Following are some methods for prospective entrepreneurs to identify new business opportunities and
assess their potentials and hazards.
i. Community Concerns: Look for problems that are important to your community. Starting small might
have a big payoff in some cases. Identify inefficiencies, analyse how an innovation can assist, and weigh the
dangers.
ii. Personal experiences: Many significant world-changing ideas emerge from an entrepreneur's life
experiences and obstacles. If you want to be an entrepreneur, you should listen to and be inspired by the
personal experiences of great entrepreneurs. Their experiences may teach you valuable lessons in
entrepreneurship and provide insights into certain company tactics that you can use to achieve success.
iii. Discuss with others: Talk to like-minded people, get active in social groups, and join local startup groups
to conduct research with others. Many times, conversing with others opens up new avenues of opportunities.
It is also beneficial to master the subtleties of business.

3. Differentiate between Entrepreneurs of the first generation and entrepreneurs from a family business.
Ans. i. Entrepreneurs of the first generation: First generation entrepreneurs are people who have no prior
business experience. They can come from a variety of ages and backgrounds. A person who starts at the age
of 50 without any entrepreneurship history is also a first-generation entrepreneur, as is someone who starts
at the age of 17.
ii. Entrepreneurs from a family business: When a family or a person successfully operates a business and
passes it down to the next generation, such entrepreneur is referred to as a family business entrepreneur. The
individual to whom the business or the operation of an enterprise is passed over is not the first-generation
entrepreneur. The individual continues to carry out all inherited entrepreneurnal operations in the same
manner or brings specific technology upgrades to the existing technique and approach of the family
business.

4.What are the few qualities that motivate an entrepreneur?

Ans. Following are the few qualities that motivate an entrepreneur :
i. Excellence as a standard: An entrepreneur consistently sets high standards and seeks to achieve excellence
by working hard and being innovative.
ii. Uniqueness: One of the most significant characteristics of an entrepreneur is the ability to be unique in
everything he or she does and how it is done.
iii. Concentrate on long-term goals: Long-term goals are those that are out of reach in terms of time. An
entrepreneur is more concerned with what will be accomplished in the distant future than what will be
accomplished in the near future. The individual will plan and work carefully to achieve long-term
objectives.
iv. Need to exert influence: The entrepreneur feels that ideas can be revolutionary and expects them to have
a significant impact on the world. Most entrepreneurs' ideas have had an impact on the globe, and others
have radically changed the face of the planet.

5. Explain why the following qualities are necessary for an entrepreneur:

i. Willingness to take risks.
ii. Ability to make decisions.
Ans. i. Willingness to take risks: There is an element of risk in any business. It means that it is not required
for every firm to make a profit. This discourages people from taking risks and starting their own businesses.
An entrepreneur, on the other hand, always offers to take risks in order to manage a successful firm.
ii. Ability to make decisions: While running a business, an entrepreneur must make a variety of decisions.
As a result, the individual must be capable of making appropriate and timely decisions. Things move at a
breakneck pace in the modern world. If an entrepreneur lacks the ability to make appropriate and timely
judgments, he or she may miss out on an opportunity and incur damages.

C. Competency-based/Application-based questions:
Shruti runs an online business of selling ladies purses and bags. Initially, she faced a lot of challenges. She
had few resources - only one machine to stitch the bags. Her packaging would also get damaged during
transportation due to which she suffered losses. However, Shruti did not give up. She paid extra attention to
packaging so that it would not get damaged during delivery. She also started selling various types of bags -
handbags, potli bags, sling bags etc. Slowly she turned her company to a big successful venture. List how
Shruti built her perseverance.
Ans. Perseverance can be built in the following ways:
• Never giving up when faced with a difficult situation
• Working hard to achieve your goal
• Learning from failures
 EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT 5: GREEN SKILLS – IV

Tick the correct option.

1. Which among the following is a step to protect our environment?

a. Waste water treatment plants
b. Electric vehicles
c. Solar power plants
d. All of these

2.In a jute factory, lot of jute bags are being made. The manager finds a number of defective pieces that have
to be discarded. Which among the following can be done to minimise waste?
a. Throw the defective pieces in a dustbin
b. Leave it in a landfill site
c. Send it back to the production team for reuse
d. Sell the pieces in the market at low prices

3. Green tourism makes ideal use of _________ .

a. resources
b. environmental resources
c. supplies
d. wealth

4. A green economy ________________ .

a. consumes less resources
b. consumes more resources
c. leads to more pollution
d. leads to wastage of resources

5. Which among the following is the job associated with wind and solar energy?
a. Technician
b. Entrepreneur
c. Energy auditor
d. Scientist

6. Which of the following activities are NOT a part of Green Waste Management?
a. E waste management
b. installing solar lamps
c. waste reduction
d. waste auditing

7. _________ is the ideal balance in which all species can coexist.

a. Ecosystem
b. Forest
c. Habitat
d. Environment

Short answer type questions.

1.Explain the role of 'Make in India' programme with the goal of building a greener economy.
Ans. The government is providing the push for green jobs as a part of restructured growth policies under its
'Make in India' programme, with the goal of building a greener economy and developing environment-
friendly employment possibilities. 'Make in India' is intended to encourage investment, accelerate
innovation, improve talent development, safeguard intellectual property, and construct best manufacturing
structures.

2. What is Ecotourism?
Ans. Ecotourism emphasises socially responsible travel, personal development, and environmental
sustainability. This includes visiting natural areas that are delicate, pristine, and unspoiled. Ecotourism is
primarily concerned with nature-based tourism, with the goal of "conserving the environment and improving
the well-being of local people."

3. What are the green jobs in building and construction?

Ans.
• Urban Growers: They manage terrace top gardens in urban areas to raise fruits and vegetables. They
raise fruits and vegetables in environmentally-responsible ways.
• Green Builders: Green Builders ensure that environment-friendly materials are used in the
construction of residences and buildings.
• Green Design Experts: Green design professionals work with Green Builders. They sketch out what
the building will look like when it is completed.

4. What is the function of a Green Job in a Toxin-Free House?

Ans. In our daily lives, we undertake housework, that emits dangerous chemicals into the atmosphere to
global warming. Green Jobs will encourage the use of environment-friendly raw materials and conservation
energy through reuse, reduce, recycle, and reconditioning, among other things.

5.Write any five steps that green jobs can take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Ans. a. Reuse, reduce, and recycle
b. Drive less, but smarter
c. Purchase energy-efficient items
d. Plant a tree
e. Replace your light bulbs

6. Which action can promote green economy?

Ans.Use of non- renewable resources and sustainable development can promote green economy.

7. Name any two plants which we use inside our home and other places for Air Purification.
Ans. Plants such as Areca Palm and Rubber Plant absorb harmful pollutants from the air.

8. Mention any one way through which we can reduce the amount of waste generated.
Ans. Ways are:
• Use reusable grocery bags and not just for groceries.
• Purchase wisely and recycle.
• Avoid single-use food and drink containers and utensils.
• Compost it

9. Explain in brief the importance of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

Ans. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched to solve the problems of sanitation and waste management in
India by ensuring hygiene across the country.

B. Long answer type questions.

1. What are the various ways in which you can protect your environment?
Ans. We can protect our environment in a variety of ways:
• Plant trees near our homes and use eco-friendly means of transportation, such as electric
automobiles.
• Not leave the tap running while brushing our teeth.
• Use cloth or jute bags instead of plastic bags, purchase eco-friendly products, and decrease our use of
paper.
• Utilise the remaining water in our bottles to water plants.
 • Clean products made from sustainable-derived components and natural oils that are biodegradable
and come in eco-friendly packaging must be used.
• Use plants that absorb dangerous pollutants from the air like Areca palm and rubber.

2. What do you understand by ecosystem? How can it be preserved and restored?

Ans. The ecosystem is a group of living and non-living beings that coexist and interact with and sustain one
another. It is the ideal balance in which all species can coexist. Excessive tree felling, for example, can
devastate the ecosystem, creating climate change and natural disasters that makes it difficult for living
beings to thrive. People are currently attempting to protect existing ecosystems and rehabilitate degraded
ones through the use of natural solutions. Forests and plants help to stabilise slopes, lowering the risks of
landslides. Wetlands can aid with flood control. Avoiding forest clearing, planting more trees, and investing
in soil health and restoration can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

3. What do you understand by green jobs? What are its advantages?

Ans. Green jobs, also known as green-collar jobs are jobs in agricultural, administrative, research and
development, industrial, and service sectors that contribute significantly in protecting or restoring
environmental quality, according to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). Encouragement of
green jobs is one way we can help in the preservation and restoration of the environment. A green job
contributes to and sustains the transition to ecologically-sustainable modes of production and consumption.
Green jobs help to:
• boost energy and raw material efficiency
• minimise greenhouse gas emissions
• keep trash and pollutants under control
• advocate for adaptation to the effects of climate change
• safeguard and restore ecosystems

4. How does climate change impact us? Also explain the role of National Action Plan on Climate Change
(NAPCC) in combating climate change.
Ans. The climate will alter as a result of the damage that has already been done Excessive tree felling, for
example, can devastate the ecosystem creating climate change and natural disasters that makes it difficult for
the living beings to thrive. Even if individuals try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, global warming will
occur owing to the harm already done in terms of tree felling and land use for agriculture, among other
things. As a result, we must adjust to these changes. This means, we'll have to figure out how to exist in the
new climatic conditions. Farmers, for example,will need to cultivate crops that can withstand drought
conditions if the weather prediction predicts less rain.
In June 2008, the Government of India released the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) to
address climate change and related challenges. The NAPCC consists of eight missions in the areas of solar
energy, improved energy efficiency, habitat, water, sustaining Himalayan ecosystems, forestry, agriculture,
and strategic knowledge for climate change, that address issues relating to greenhouse gas mitigation and
adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change on the environment, habitat, water resources, and
agriculture.

5. What are Green Skills? List few areas in which green skills can impact sustainable development.
Ans. Green skills are those that are utilised to promote a green economy. These abilities are required in
fields such as renewable energy, wastewater treatment, climate-resilient cities, green construction, solid
waste management, and so on.
The following are some of the ways in which green skills influence long-term development:
• utilising renewable energy (for example, solar and wind energy)
• water and waste management
• rainwater gathering
• energy conservation
• pollution reduction

Competency-based/Application-based questions:
The world is seeing extreme hot and cold weather due to climate change. It is important that we humans
embrace environment friendly methods. List 4 such methods.
Ans. We can protect our environment in a variety of ways:
• Plant trees near our homes and use eco-friendly means of transportation, such as electric
automobiles.
• Use cloth or jute bags instead of plastic bags, purchase eco-friendly products, and decrease our use
of paper.
• Clean products made from sustainably-derived components and natural oils that are biodegradable
and come in eco- friendly packaging are better for the environment.
• Use plants that absorb dangerous pollutants from the air like Areca palm and rubber.