PHYSICS

BOOKS - HC VERMA

REST AND MOTION : KINEMATICS

Example

1. An old person moves on a semi circulasr

track of radius 40.0 m during a moirning walk.

If he starts at one end of the track and reaches

at the other end, find the distance covered

and the displacement of the person.

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2. The distance travelled by a particle in time t

m
is given by s = (2.5
2
2
)t . Find a. the
s

average speed of the particle during the time

0 to 5.0 s, and b. the instantaneous speed at

t=5.0 is

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3. Figure shows the speed versus time graph

for a particle. Find the distance travelled by

the particle during the time t=0 to t=3s.

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4. A table clock has its minute hand 4.0 cm

long. Find the average velocity of the tip of the

minute hand a. between 6.00 a.m. to 6.30 a.m.

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5. A particle starts with an initial velocity 2.5

m/s along the positive x direction and it

m
accelerates uniformly at the rate 0.50
2
. A.
s

Find the distance travelled by it in the first two

seconds. b.How much time does it take to

 m
reach the velocity 7.5 ? c. How much
s

distance will it cover in reaching the velocity

7.5 m/s?

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6. A particle having initial velocity u moves

with a constant acceleration a for a time t. a.

Find the displacement of the particle in the

last 1 second . b. Evaluate it for

u = 5m / s, a = 2m / s
2
and t = 10s .

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7. A ball is thrown up at a speed of 4.0 m/s.

Find the maximum height reached by the ball.

Take g = 10m / s
2
.

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8. A particle movesin the X-Y plane with a

m
constasnt acceleration of 1.5
2
in the
s

direction making an angle of 37

0
with the X-

axis.At t=0 the particle is at the orign and its

velocity is 8.0 m/s along the X-axis. Find the

velocity and the position of the particle at

t=4.0 s.

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9. A ball is thrown from a field with a speed of

12.0 m/s at an angle of 45 with the horizontal.

0
At what distance will it hit the field again ?
m
Take g = 10.0
2
s

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10. A swimmer can swim in still water at a rate

4.0 km/h. If he swims in a river flowing at 3.0

km/h and keeps his direction (with respect to

water) perpendicular to the current, find his

velocity with respect to the ground.

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 11. A man is walking on a level road at a speed

of 3.0 km/h. Rain drops fall vertically wth a

sped of 4.0 km/h. Find the velocity of the

raindrops with respect to the man.

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Worked Out Examples

1. A man at a speed of 6 km/hr for 1 km and 8

km/hr for the next 1 km. What is t his average

speed for the walk of 2 km?

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2. The I.Sc lecture theatre of a college is 40 ft

wide and has door at a corner.A teacher enters

t 12.00 noon through the door and makes 10

rounds along the 40 ft wall back and forth

during the eriod and finally leaves the class -

room at 12.50 p.m. through the samedoor.

compute his average speed and average

velocity.

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3. The position of a particle moving on X-axis is

given by

x = At
3
+ Bt
2
+ Ct + D .

The numerical values of A,B,C,D are 1,4,-2 and 5

respectively and I units are used. Find a. the

dimensions of A,B, C and D b. the velocity of

the particle at t=4s, the acceleration of he

particle at t=4s, d. The average velocity during

the interval t=0 to t=4s, the average

accelerationduring the interval t=0 to t=4s.

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4. From the veloicty time graph of a particle

given in figure describe the motion of the

particle qualitively int eh interval 0 to 4s. Find

a. the distance travelled during first two

seconds, b. during the time 2s to 4s, c. during

the time 0 to 4s d. displacement during 0 to 4

s. e. acceleration at t=1/2 and f. acceleration at

t=2s

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5. A particle starts from rest with a constant

acceleration. At a time t second, the speed is

found to be 100 m/s and one second later the

speed becomes 150 m/s. Find a. the

acceleration and b. the distance travelled

during the (t + 1) th
second.

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6. A boy stretches a stone against the rubber

tape of a catapult or gulel (a device used to

detach mangoes from the tree by boys in

Indian villages) through a distance of 24 cm

before leaving it. The tape returns to its

normal position accelerating the stone over

the stretched length. The stone leaves the

gulel with a speed 2.2 m/s. Assuming that the

acceleration is constant while the stone was

being pushed by the tape, find its magnitude.

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7. A police inspector in a jeepis chasing a

pickpocket on a straightroad. The jeep is going

at its maximum speed v (assumed uniform).

The pickpocket rides on the motorcycle of a

waiting friend when the jeepis at a distance of

a waiting friend when the jeep is at a distance

d away, and the motorcycle starts with a

constant acceleration a. Show that the

pickpocket will be caught it v ≥ √2ad .

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8. A car is moving at a constant speed of 40

km/h along a straight road which heads

towards a large vertical wall and makes a

sharp 90
0
turn by the side of the wall. A fly

flyingat constant speed of 100 km/h, starts

from the wall towrds the car t an instant when

the car is 20 km away,flies until it reaches the

glasspane of the car and returns to teh wll at

teh same speed. It continues to fly between

the car and teh wall time the car makes the

90
0
turn. a. What is the total distance the fly

has travelled during the period?b. How many

trips has it made between the car and the

wall?

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9. A ball is dropped from a height of 19.6 m

above the ground. It rebounds from the

ground and raises itself up to the same

height. Take the starting point as the origin

and vertically downward as the positive X-axis.

Draw approximate plots of x versus t, v versus

t and a versus t. Neglect the small interval

during which the ball was in contact with the

ground.

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10. A stone is dropped from a balloon going

up with a uniform velocity of 5.0 m/s. If the

balloon was 50 m high when the stone was

dropped, find its height when the stone hits

m
the ground. Take g = 10
2
.
s

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11. A football ils kicked with a velocity of 20 m/s

at an angle of 45 wilth the horizontal. A. Find

0

the time taken by the ball to strike the ground.

b.Find the maximum height it reaches. C. How

far away from the kick dows it hit the ground?
m
Take g = 10
2
.
s

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12. A helicopter on flood relief mission, flying

horizontally with a speed u at an altitude H,

has to driop a food packet for a victim

standing on the ground. At what distance

from the victim should the packet be

dropped? The victim stands in the vertical

plane of the helicopters's motion.

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13. A particle is projected horizontally with a

speed u from the top of plane inclined at an

angle θ with the horizontal. How far from the

point of projection will the particle strike the

plane ?

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14. For a projectile, projected at an angle, the

resultant velocity is :

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15. A bullet is fired from a rifle which recoils

after firing. The ratio of kinetic energy of the

rifle to that of the bullet is:

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16. A man can swim in still water ast a speed of

3 km/h. He wants to cross a river that flows at

2 km/h and reach the point directly oposite to

his starting point. A. In which diretionshoeld

he try to swim (that is, find the angle his body

makes wilth the river flow)? b. How much time

will he take to cross the river if the river is 500

m wide?

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17. A man can swim at a speed of 3 km/h in still

water. He wants t cross a 500 m wide river

flowing at 2 km/h. He flow at an angle of 120

with the river flow while swimming. A. Find the

time he takes to cross the river. b.At what

point on the opposite bank will he arrive?

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18. A man standing on a road has to hold his

umbrella at 0
30 with the vertical to keep the
rain away. The throws the umbrella and starts

running at 10 km/h. He finds that raindrops

are hitting his head vertically. Find the speed

of raindrops with respect to a. the road, b. the

moving man.

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19. A man running on the horizontal road at

8kmh
−1
find the rain appears to be falling

vertically. He incresases his speed to 12kmh −1

and find that the drops make angle 30

2
with
the vertical. Find the speed and direction of

the rain with respedt to the road.

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20. Three particles A, B and C are situated at

the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of

side d at time t = 0. Each of the particles

moves with constant speed v. A always has its

velocity along AB, B along BC and C along CA.

At what time will the particles meet each

other?
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Question For Short Answer

1. Galileo was punished by the Church for

teaching that the sum is stationary and the

earth moves around it. His opponents held the

view that the earth is stationary and the sun

moves around it. If the absolute motion has

no meaing,are the two view points not equally

correct or equally wrong?

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2. When a particle moves with constant

velocity, its average velocity, its instantaneous

velocity and its speed are all equal. Comment

on this statement.

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3. A car travels at a speed of 60 km/hr due

north and the other at a speed of 60 km/hr

due east. Are the velocities equal? If no, which

one is greater ? If you find any of the

questions irrelevant, explain.

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4. A ball is thrown vertically upward at a speed

of 10 m/s. When it has reached one half of its

maximum height. How high does the ball rise?

(g=10ms^(-2)`)

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5. The velocity of a particle is towards west at

an instant. Its acceleration is not towards

west, not towards east, not towards north and

not towards south. Give an example of this

type of motion.

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6. Which element has smallest size?

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7. A particle at rest starts moving in a

horizontal straight line with uniform

acceleration The ratio of the distance covered

during the fourth and the third second is

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8. Taking little amount of alcohol is good to

health. Do you agree with this statement?

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9. A food packet is dropped from a plane going

at an altitude of 100 m. What is the path of

the packet as seen from the plane? What is

the path as seen from the ground? If someone

asks what is the actual path, what will you

answer?

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10. Give examples where a. the velocity of a

particle is zero but its acceleration is not zero.

b.the velocity is opposite in direction to the

acceleration, c. the velocity is perpendicular to

the acceleration.

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11. Figure shows the x coordinate of a particle

as a function of time. Find the signs of

vx and ax at t ,
= t1 t = t2 and t = t3 .

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12. A player hits a baseball at some angle. The

ball goes high up in space. The player runs and

catches the ball before it hits the ground.

Which of the two (the player or the ball) has

greater displacement?

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13. The increase in the speed of a car is

proportional to the additional petrol put into

the engine. Is it possible to accelerate a car

without putting more petrol or less petrol

into the engine?

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 14. A man moving in rain holds his umbrella

inclined to the vertical even though the rain

drops are falling vertically downwards. Why?

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Objective 1

1. A motor car is going due north at a speed of

50 km/h. It makes a 90
0
left turn without

changing the speed. The change in the velocity

of the car is about

 A. 50 km/h towards west

B. 70 km/h towards south-west

C. 70 km/h towards north-west

D. zero

Answer: B

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2. Figure shows the displacement time graph

of a particle moving on the X-axis

A. the particle is continuously going in

positive x direction

B. the particle is at rest

C. the velocity increases up to a time t0 ,

and the becomes constant

D. the particle moves at a constant velocity

up to a time t and then stops.

0
Answer: D

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3. A particle has a velocity u towards east at

t = 0. Its acceleration is towards west and is

constant. Let xA and xB be the magnitude of

displacements in the first 10 seconds and the

next 10 seconds

A. x A
< xB

B. x A
= xB
 C. x A
> xB

D. the information is insufficient to decide

the relation of x A
withx B .

Answer: D

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4. A person travelling on a straight line moves

with a uniform velocity v1 for some time and

with uniform velocity v2 for the next equal

time. The average velocity v is

 v1 + v2
A. v =
2

B. v = √v1 v2

2 1 1
C. = +
v v1 v2

1 1 1
D. = +
v v1 v2

Answer: A

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5. A person travelling on a straight line moves

with a uniform velocity v1 for a distance x and

with a uniform velocity v2 for the next equal

distance. The average velocity v is given by

v1 + v2
A. v =
2

B. v = √v1 v2

2 1 1
C. = +
v v1 v2

1 1 1
D. = +
v v1 v2

Answer: C

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6. A stone is released from an elevator going

up with an acceleration a. The acceleration of

the stone after the release is

A. a upward

B. (g-a) upward

C. (g-a)downward

D. g downward

Answer: D

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7. A person standing near the edge of the top

of a building throws two balls A and B. The ball

A is thrown vertically upward and B is thrown

vertically downward with the same speed. The

ball A hits the ground with speed vA and the

ball B hits the ground wiht a speed vB . We

have

A. vA
< vB

B. vA
< vB

C. vA
= vB
 D. the relation between vA and vB

depends on height of the building above

the ground.

Answer: C

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8. In a projectile motion the velocity

A. is always perpendicular to the

acceleration
 B. is never perpendicular to the

acceleration

C. is perpendicular to the acceleration for

one instant only

D. is perpendicular to the acceleration for

two instants

Answer: C

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9. Two bullets are fired simultaneously,

horizontally and with different speeds from

the same place. Which bullet will hit the

ground first ?

A. the faster one

B. the slower one

C. both will reach simultaneously

D. depends on the masses

Answer: C
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10. The range of a projectile fired at an angle

of 15
∘
is 50 m. If it is fired with the same

speed at an angle of 45 its range will be

∘

A. 25m

B. 37m

C. 50m

D. 100m

Answer: D
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11. Two projectiles A and B are projected with

angle of projection 15 for the projectile A and

0

45
0
for the projectile B. If R A and R B be the

horizontal range for the two projectile then.

A. R A
< RB

B. R A
= RB

C. R A
> RB

D. the information is insufficient to decide

the relation of R A
withR B
Answer: D

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12. A river is flowing from west to east at a

speed of 5 metres per minute.A man on the

south bank of the river, capable of swimming

at 10 metres per minute in still water, wants to

swim across the river in the shortest time. He

should swim in a direction.

A. due north
 B. 30 east of north
0

C. 30 north of west
0

D. 60 east of north
0

Answer: A

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13. From the figure find x and y.

A. 2u cos θ

u
B.
cos θ

u
C. 2
cos θ

D. u cos θ
 Answer: B

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Objective 2

1. Consider the motion of the tip of the minute

hand of a clock. In one hour

A. the displacement is zero

B. the distance covered is zero

C. the average speed is zero

 D. the average velocity is zero

Answer: A::D

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2. A particle moves along the X-axis as

.
2
x = u(t − 2s) + a(t − 2s)

A. a) the initial velocity of the particle is u

B. b) the acceleration of the particle is a

C. c) the acceleration of the particle is 2a

 D. d) at t=2 s particle is at the origin.

Answer: C::D

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3. Pick the incorrect statement about the

factors affecting ionization energy

A. Average speed of a particle in a given

time is never less than the magnitude of

the avrage velocity

B. It is possible to have a situation in which

∣ → ∣
∣ dv ∣ d

∣ ∣
≠ 0 but ∣ →∣
∣
v
∣
.
= 0
dt dt
∣ ∣

C. the average velocity of a particle is zero

inn a time interval. It is possible that eh

instantaneous velocity is never zero in

the interval.

D. The average velocity of a particle moving

on a straight line is zero in a time

interval. It is possible that the

instantaneous velocity is never zero in

 the interval. (Infinite accelerations are

not allowed).

Answer: A::B::C

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4. An object may have

A. varying speed without having varying

velocity
 B. varying velocity without having varying

speed

C. nonzero cceleration without having

varying velocity

D. non zero acceleration without having

varying speed.

Answer: B::D

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5. Mark the correct statements for a particle

going on a straight line:

A. If the velocity and acceleration have

opposite sign, the object is slowing

down.

B. If the position andvelocity have opposite

sign, the particle is moving towards the

origin.
 C. If the velocity is ero at an instant, the

acceleration should also be zero at that

instasnt.

D. If the velocity is zero for a time interval,

the acceleration is zero at any instant

within the time interval.

Answer: A::B::D

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6. The velocity of a particle is zero at t=0

A. The accelerationat t=0 must be zero

B. the acceleration at t=0 maybet zero

C. If the acceleratin is zero from t=0 to t=10

s, the speed is also zero in this interval.

D. If the speed is zer4o from t=0 to t=10 s

the acceleration is zero in this interval.

Answer: B::C::D

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7. Mart the correct statements:

A. The magnitude of the velocity of a

particle is equal to its speed.

B. The magnitude of average velocity in an

interval is equal to its average speed in

that interval.

C. It is possible to have a situation in which

the speed of a particle is always zero but

the averge speed is not zero.

 D. It is possible to have a situation in which

the speed of the particle is never zero

but the average speed in an interval is

zero

Answer: A

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8. The velocity time plot for a particle moving

on straight line is shown in the figure.

A. a) The particle has a constant

acceleration

B. b) The particle has never turned around

C. c) The particle has zero displacement.

D. d) The average speed in the interval 0 to

10 s is the same as the average speed in

 the interval 10 s to 20s.

Answer: A::D

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9. Figure shows the position of a particle

moving on the X-axis as a function of time.

 A. The particle has come to rest 6 times

B. The maximum speed is at t=6 s.

C. The velocity remains positive for t=0 to

t=6s.

D. The average velocity for the total period

shown is negative

Answer: A

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10. The accleration of a particle as seen from

two frames S1 and S2 have equal magnitudes

4 m /s 2

A. The frames must be at rest with respect

to each other.

B. The frames may be moves with respect

to each other but neigther should be

accelerates with respect to the other.

C. The acceleration of S with respect to S

2 1

may either be zero or `8 m/s^2.

 D. The acceleration of S with respect to S
2 1

m
may be anything between zero and 8
s2

Answer: D

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Exercises

1. A man goes 10 m due east and then 24 m

due north. Find the distance of his current

position from the starting point ?

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2. A particle starts from the origin, goes along

the X-axis to the point (20m, 0) and then

returns along the same line to the point

(-20m,0). Find the distance and displacement

of the particle during the trip.

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3. It is 260 km from Patna to Ranchi by air and

320 km by road.an aeroplane takes 30 minutes

to go from Patna to Ranchi whereas a delux

bus takes 8 hours. a.Find the verge speed of

the plane. b.Find the verage speed of the bus.

C. Find the average velocity of the plane. d.

Find the average velocity of the bus.

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4. When a person leaves his home for

sightseeing by his car, the meter reads 12352

km. When he returns home after two hours

the reading is 12416 km. A. What is the average

speed of the car during this period? B. What is

the average velocity?

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5. A boy takes 2 second to reach the maximum

speed of 18 km/h from rest. What is the

magnitude of his average acceleration ?

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6. The speed of a car as a function of time is

shown in figure.
Find the distance travelled by the car in 8

seconds and its acceleration.

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7. The acceleration of a cart started at t=0

varies with time as shown in figure. Find the

distance travelled in 30 seconds and draw the

position time graph.

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8. figure

shows

the graph of velocity versus tie for a particle

going along the X-axis. Find a. the

acceleration, b. The distance travelled in 0 to

10 s and c. the displacement in 0 to 10 s.

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9. Figure shows the graph of the x-coordinates

of a particle going along the X-axis as a

function of time. Find a. the average velocity

during 0 to 10s.

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10. From the velocity time plot shown in figure

find the distance travelled by the particle

dureing the first 40 seconds. Also find the

average velocity during this period.

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11. Figure shows x-t graph of a particle. Find

the Time T such that the average velocity of

the particle during the period 0 to T is Zero.

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12. A particle starts from a point A and travels

along the solid curve shown in figure. Find

approximately the position B of the particle

such that the average velocity between the

positions A and B has the same direction as

the instantaneous velocity at B.

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13. An object having a velocity 4.0 m/s is

m
accelerated at the rate of 1.2 for 5.0s. Find
2
s
the distance travelled during the period of

acceleration.

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14. A person travelling at 43.2 km/h applies the

m
brake giving a deceleration of 6.0 to his
2
s

scooter. How far will it travel before stopping?

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15. A train starts from rest and moves with a
m
constant accelerationof 2.0 for half a
2
s

minute. The brakes are then applied and the

train comes to rest in one minute. Find a. the

total distance moved by the train, b. the

maximum speed attained by the train and c.

the position(s) of the train at half the

maximum speed.

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16. A bullet travelling with a velocity of 16 m/s

penetrates a tree trunk and comes to rest in

0.4 m. Find the time taken during the

retardation.

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17. A bullet going with speed 350 m/s enters in

a concrete wall and penetrates a distance of 5

cm before coming to rest . Find the

deceleration ?
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18. A particle starting from rest moves with

constant acceleration. If it takes 5.0 s to reash

the speed 18.0 km/h find a. the average

velocity during this period, and b. the distance

travelled by the particle during this period.

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19. A driver takes 0.20 second to apply the

brakes (reaction time). If he is driving car at a

speed of 54kmh
−1
and the brakes cause a

deceleration of 6.0ms
−1
? Find the distance

travelled by car after he sees the need to put

the brakes.

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20. A police jeep is chasing a culprit going on a

motorbike. The motorbike crosses a turning at

a speed of 72 km/h.

The jeep follows it at a speed of 90 km/h,

crossing the turning ten seconds later than

the bike. Assuming that they travel at constant

speeds, how far from the turning will the jeep

catch up with the bike?

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21. A car travelling at 60 km/h overtakes

another car travelling at 42 km/h. Assuming

each car to be 5.0 m long, find the time taken

during the overtake and the total road

distance used for the overtake.

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22. A ball is projected vertically up with a

speed of 50 m/s. Find the maximum height ,

the time to reach the maximum height, and

the speed at the maximum height

2
(g = 10m / s )(AS1 )

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23. A ball is dropped from a balloon going up

at a speed of 7 m/s. If the balloon was at a

height 60 m at the time of dropping the ball,

how long will the ball take in reaching the

ground?

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24. A stone is thrown vertically upward with a

speed of 28 m/s. (a) Find the maximum height

reached by the stone. (b)Find its velocity one

second before it reaches the maximum height.

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25. A person sitting on the top of a tall

building is dropping balls at regular intervals

of one second. Find the positions of the 3rd,

4th and 5th ball when the 6th ball is being

dropped.

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26. A healthy young man standing at a

distance of 7 m from 11.8 m high building sees

a kid slipping from the top floor. With what

speed (assumed uniform) should he run to

catch the kid at the arms height (1.8m)?

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27. An NCC parade is going at a uniform speed

of 6 km/h through a place under a berry tree

on which a bird is sitting at a height of 12.1 m.

At a particular instant the bird drops a berry.

Which cadet (ie the distance from the tree at

the instant) will receive the berry on his

uniform?
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28. A ball is dropped from a height. If it takes

0.2s to cross the last 6m before hitting the

ground, find the height from which it is

m
dropped. Take g = 10
2
s (AS1 )
/

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29. A ball is dropped from a height of 5 m onto

a sandy floor and penetrates the sand up to 10

cm before coming to rest. Find the retardation

of the ball in sand assuming it to be uniform.

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30. An elevator is descending with uniform

acceleration.To measure the acceleration, a

person in the elevator drops a coin at momen

the elevator strts. The coin is 6 ft asbove the

floor of the elevator at the time it is dropped.

The person observes that the coin strikes the

floor in 1 second. Calculate these dta the

acceleration of the elevator.

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31. A 10 kg ball is dropped from a height of

10m. Find (a) the initial potential energy of the

ball. (b) the kinetic energy just before it

reaches the ground, and (c ) the speed just

before it reaches the ground.

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32. A ball is thrown at a speed of 40 m/s at an

angle of 60
0
with the horizontal. Find a. the

maximum height reached and b. the range of

m
te ball. Take g = 10 .
2
s

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33. A ball whose Kinetic Energy is E is

projected at an angle of 45 to the horizontal.

∘

The kinetic energy of the ball at the highest

point of its flight will be

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34. A gun is fired from a place which is at

distance 1.2 km from a hill. The echo of the

sound s heard back at the same place of firing

after 8 second. Find the speed of sound.

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35. Figure shows a 11.7 ft wide ditch with the

approach roads at and angle of 15

0
with the

horizontal. With what minimum speed should

a mororbike be moving on the road so that it

safely croses the ditch?

Assume that the length of thebike is 5 ft, and

it leaves the road when the front part runs out

of the approch road.

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36. A person standing on the top of a cliff 171

ft high has to throw a packet to his friend

standing on the ground 228 ft horizontally

away. If he throws the packet directly aiming at

the friend with a speed o 15.0 ft/s, how short

will the packet fall?

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37. A projectile is fired at an angle of 45 with

∘

the horizontal. Elevation angle of the

projectile at its highest point as seen from the

point of projection is

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38. The expression for maximum height

attained when the body is projected at an

angle with the horizontal is :

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39. A bomb is dropped from a plane flying

horizontally with uniform speed. Show that

the bomb will explode vertically below the

plane.Is the statement true if the plane flies

with uniform speed but not horizontally?

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40. A boy standing on a long railroad car

throuws a ball straight upwards. The car is

moving on the horizontal road with an

m
acceleration of 1 and the projectioon
2
s

velocity inte vertical direction is 9.8 m/s. How

far behind the boy will the ball fall on the car?

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41. A staircase contains three steps each 10 cm

high and 20 cm wide figure. What should be

the minimum horizontal velocity of a bal

rolling off the upper most plane so as to hit

directly the lowest plane?

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42. A person is standing on a truck moving

with a constant velocity of 14.7 m/s o a

hrozontal road. The man throws a ball in such

a way that it returns to the truck after the

truck has moved 58.8 m. Find the speed and

the angle of projection. a. as seen from the

truck b. as seen fromt the road.

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43. The benches of a gallery in a cricket

stadium are 1 m wide and 1 m high. A batsman

strikes the ball at a level one meter above the

ground and hits a mammoth sixer. The ball

starts at 35 m/s at an angle of 53

0
with the

horizontal. The benches are perpendicular to

the plane of motion and the first bench is 110

m from the batsman. On which bench will the

ball hit?

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44. A man is sitting on the shore of a river. He

is in the line of a 1.0 m long boat and is 5.5 m

away from the centre of the boat. He sishes to

throw an apple into the boat. If he can throuw

the apple only wihta speed of 10 m/s, find the

minimum and maximum angles of projection

for successful shot. Assume that the point of

projection and the edge of the boat are in the

same horizontal level

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45. A 400m wide river is flowing at a rate of

2.0ms
−1
. A boat is sailing with a velocity of
10ms
−1
with respect to the water, in a

direction perpendicular to the river.

(a) Find the time taken by the boat to reach

the opposite bank.

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46. A swimmer wishes to cross a 500m river

flowing at 5kmh
−1
. His speed with respect to

water is 3kmh
−1
. The shortest possible time

to cross the river is.

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47. A swimmer wishes to cross a 500 m wide

river flowing at 5 km/h. His speed with respect

to water is 3 km/h. Consider the situation of

the previous problem. The man has to reach

the other shore at the point directly opposite

to his starting point. If the reaches the other

shore somewhere else, he has to walk down to

this point. Find the minimum distance that he

has to walk.

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48. An aeroplane has to go from a point A to

another point B, 500km away due 30

∘
east of

north. Wind is blowing due north at a speed of

20m / s. The air-speed of the plane is

150m / s. (a) Find the direction in which the

pilot should head the plane to reach the point

B. (b) Find the time taken by the plane to go

from A to B.

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49. Two friends A and B are standing a

distance x apartin an open field and wind is

blowing from A to B.A beats a drum and B

hears the sound t1 timed after he sees the

event. A and B intechange their positions and

te experiment is repeated. This time B hears

teh drum t2 time after he sees the event.

Calculte teh velocity of sound in still air v and

the velocity of wind u. Neglect the tiem light

takes in travelling between the friends.

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50. Two friends A and B are standing a

distance x apart in an open field and wind is

blowing from A to B. A beats a drum and B

hears the sound t1 timed after he sees the

event. A and B interchange their positions and

the experiment is repeated. The velocity of

sound in still air is v and the velocity of wind is

u . This time B hears the drum t time after he

2

sees the event. Suppose A and B change their

positions in such a way that the line joining

them becomes perpendicular to the direction

of wind while maintaining the separation x .

What will be the time lag B finds between

seeing and hearing the drum beating by A?

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51. Six particles situated at the corners of a

regular hexagon of side a move at a constant

speed v. Each particle maintains a direction

towards the particle at the next corner.

Calculate the time the particles will take to

meet each other.

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