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Here are 20 Oracle SQL commands and examples demonstrating the use of the `COMMIT` statement:
1. Basic COMMIT
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name)
VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe');
COMMIT;
2. COMMIT After Multiple Inserts

INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 'Smith');
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (3, 'Alice', 'Johnson');
COMMIT;
3. COMMIT After Update

UPDATE employees SET last_name = 'Williams' WHERE employee_id = 1;
COMMIT;
4. COMMIT in PL/SQL Block

BEGIN
INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name) VALUES (10, 'Sales');
COMMIT;
END;
5. Rollback Example Before COMMIT

BEGIN
INSERT INTO products (product_id, product_name) VALUES (100, 'Gadget');
ROLLBACK; -- Undo the insert
END;
6. COMMIT After Conditional Check
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, order_date) VALUES (1, SYSDATE);
IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders) > 0 THEN

COMMIT; -- Commit if there are orders
ELSE
ROLLBACK; -- Otherwise, undo
END IF;
END;
7. Using COMMIT in a Loop
DECLARE
CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT employee_id, first_name FROM employees;
emp_record emp_cursor%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor;
LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_record;
EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
-- Insert processed employee

INSERT INTO processed_employees VALUES (emp_record.employee_id, emp_record.first_name);
END LOOP;
COMMIT; -- Commit after loop
CLOSE emp_cursor;
END;
8. COMMIT in a Distributed Transaction

BEGIN
INSERT INTO local_table (col1) VALUES ('Local Data');
INSERT INTO remote_table@remote_db (col1) VALUES ('Remote Data');
COMMIT; -- Commit both operations
END;
9. COMMIT with Exception Handling
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (4, 'Charlie', 'Brown');
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK; -- Undo on error
END;
10. Batch Insert with COMMIT
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (i, 'Employee' || i, 'Last' || i);
END LOOP;
COMMIT; -- Commit after batch insert

END;
11. COMMIT with DDL Statement
CREATE TABLE new_table (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(100));

COMMIT; -- DDL commands automatically commit
12. Using COMMIT After a Series of Updates
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE department_id = 30;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.05 WHERE department_id = 20;
COMMIT; -- Commit all updates
END;
13. COMMIT in a Function
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_employee(emp_id NUMBER, fname VARCHAR2, lname VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (emp_id, fname, lname);
COMMIT; -- Commit within function
RETURN emp_id;
END;
14. COMMIT with a Conditional Insert
BEGIN
INSERT INTO inventory (item_id, quantity) VALUES (1, 50);
IF (SELECT quantity FROM inventory WHERE item_id = 1) > 0 THEN

COMMIT; -- Commit if quantity is greater than zero
ELSE
ROLLBACK; -- Undo if no quantity
END IF;
END;
15. COMMIT After Multiple Transactions
BEGIN
INSERT INTO customers (customer_id, customer_name) VALUES (1, 'Customer A');
INSERT INTO customers (customer_id, customer_name) VALUES (2, 'Customer B');
COMMIT; -- Commit both inserts
END;
16. COMMIT in an Autonomous Transaction
DECLARE
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION; -- Declare autonomous transaction
BEGIN
INSERT INTO audit_log (log_id, message) VALUES (1, 'Transaction started');
COMMIT; -- Commit independently
END;
17. COMMIT with Merge Operation
MERGE INTO employees e

USING (SELECT 1 AS employee_id, 'Updated Name' AS first_name FROM dual) src
ON (e.employee_id = src.employee_id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET e.first_name = src.first_name;
COMMIT; -- Commit the merge operation
18. COMMIT after Creating Multiple Tables
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE department_log (log_id NUMBER, log_message VARCHAR2(100));
CREATE TABLE employee_log (log_id NUMBER, log_message VARCHAR2(100));
COMMIT; -- Commit after DDL statements
END;
19. COMMIT After Inserting with Error Handling
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (5, 'David', 'Clark');
COMMIT; -- Commit if no errors
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK; -- Undo if there is an error
END;
20. COMMIT after Trigger Execution
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER before_insert_employee

BEFORE INSERT ON employees
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
-- some validation logic
IF :NEW.first_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'First name cannot be null');
END IF;
END;
-- When you insert, if validation passes:

INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (6, 'Eve', 'Taylor');
COMMIT; -- Commit if insert is successful
These examples illustrate various scenarios for using the `COMMIT` statement in Oracle SQL, including simple inserts, PL/SQL blocks, error handling, and
more complex operations.

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2. COMMIT After Multiple Inserts

3. COMMIT After Update

4. COMMIT in PL/SQL Block

5. Rollback Example Before COMMIT

6. COMMIT After Conditional Check

IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders) > 0 THEN

7. Using COMMIT in a Loop

-- Insert processed employee

8. COMMIT in a Distributed Transaction

9. COMMIT with Exception Handling

10. Batch Insert with COMMIT

COMMIT; -- Commit after batch insert

11. COMMIT with DDL Statement

CREATE TABLE new_table (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(100));

12. Using COMMIT After a Series of Updates

13. COMMIT in a Function

14. COMMIT with a Conditional Insert

IF (SELECT quantity FROM inventory WHERE item_id = 1) > 0 THEN

16. COMMIT in an Autonomous Transaction

17. COMMIT with Merge Operation

MERGE INTO employees e

COMMIT; -- Commit the merge operation

18. COMMIT after Creating Multiple Tables

19. COMMIT After Inserting with Error Handling

20. COMMIT after Trigger Execution

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER before_insert_employee

-- When you insert, if validation passes:

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