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7.System of Particles
and Rotational Motion

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System of Particles and

Rotational Dynamics
A group of particles that can be identified and distinguished from other particles or groups is called a system. The
motion of the system as a whole can be analysed by applying the laws of mechanics. This is achieved by using the
concept of ‘centre of mass’. Thus, identifying the centre of mass is quite important in the study of dynamics of a
system.
Rigid body: It is a body whose shape and size do not change during its state of rest or motion.
A classic example of a physical system is that of a rigid body, in which the relative distance between any two particles
remains unaltered during its motion. Study of rigid body motion involves physical parameters like moment of inertia,
torque, angular velocity, angular momentum, translational energy and rotational energy.
Centre of mass of a system of two particles
Centre of mass is the point at which the entire mass of a body is supposed to be concentrated.
If we have discrete system of particles as shown in the figure, then centre of mass is defined as
m R + m 2 R 2 + m3 R 3 + . . .
R cm = 1 1
m1 + m 2 + m3 + . . .
1
R cm =
M
 mi R i
The coordinates of centre of mass
m x + m2 x 2 + . . . 1
Xcm = 1 1
m1 + m2 + m3
=
M
 mi xi
m y + m2 y2 + m3 y3 + . . . 1
Ycm = 1 1 =  mi yi
m1 + m2 + m3 + . . . M
m z + m2 z 2 + . . . 1
Zcm = 1 1 =  mi zi
m1 + m2 + . . . M
For a system having continuous distribution of the mass, the coordinates of cm are
1 1 1
Xcm =  xdm, Ycm =  ydm , Zcm =  zdm
M M M
• Position of centre of mass is independent of coordinate system choosen.
• Centre of mass depends on the shape of the body and distribution of mass.
• Centre of mass coincides with geometric centre bodies where mass is homogeneous.
• Centre of mass remains unchanged in rotatory motion while in translatory motion position changes.
• If small position of mass m2 is removed from a larger position of mass m1. Then centre of mass of the remaining part
m x − m2 x 2
is x cm = 1 1
m1 − m2
Motion of centre of mass
If a system of particles of masses m1, m2, . . move with velocities v1, v2, v3 . . . respectively
• Then velocity of centre of mass is given by
m v + m 2 v 2 + . . . + m n v n  m1vi
VCM = 1 1 =
m1 + m 2 + . . . + m n M
(M → total mass of the body)
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• Momentum of the centre of mass is
Mvcm = m1v1 + m 2 + v 2 + . . . + m n v n
PCM = P1 + P2 + . . . + Pn
If VCM = 0, PCM = 0 i.e., in the frame of reference of CM, the momentum of a system is zero.
• Acceleration of CM is given by
m1a1 + m 2 a 2 + . . . m n a n  mi a i
a CM = =
m1 + m 2 + . . . m n M
Or Ma CM = m1a1 + m2 a 2 + . . . m n a n
Fext = F1 + F2 + . . . + Fn
This is equation of motion of centre of mass.
If Fext = 0  a CM = 0  vCM = constant.
If Fext = 0, no external force acts on a system, then the velocity of its CM remains constant.
 velocity of CM is not affected by internal forces.
• If Fext = 0  a CM = 0  VCM = constant, then p = constant.
This leads to conservation of linear momentum.
• If a system of 2 particles of mass m1 and m2 separated by a distance x initially at rest, moving towards each other
under the action of attractive force then the 2 particles collide at their centre of mass.
a m
Here F12 = − F21 or m1a1 = m2a2  1 = 2
a 2 m1
Since initial momentum = 0, centre of mass is at rest.
v m
VCM = 0, m1v1 = m2 v2 or 1 = 2
v2 m1
x1 m2
 Ratio of distances covered by particles before collision is =
x 2 m1
Rotational motion: A rigid body undergoes rotational motion when each of its particles travel in a circle centered
on a straight line, called the axis of rotation
Rotational variables: The rotational variables are the angular equivalents of the
y
linear quantities position, displacement, velocity and acceleration
Lightly
Rotation axis
Angular position (): It is the position of a fixed line perpendicular to the axis of shaded
Reference
rotation, fixed in the body, relative to a fixed axis. It is also called the angular line
s 
coordinate. = where Z
x
r A rigid body rotating
anticlockwise in the
s → arc length described by a point on the reference line relative to the fixed axis. xy- phase about z axis
the rotation axis
r → radius of the arc. Its SI unit is the radian (rad) without any dimensions.
Angular displacement: It is the difference in the angular coordinates of rotating body at times t1 and
t2 = t1 + t
 = 2 − 1
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Angular velocity
(i) Average angular velocity (av): It is the ratio of the angular displacement to the elapsed time
 − 
av = 2 1 =
t 2 − t1 t
y w
(ii) Angular velocity(): It is the rate of change of angular displacement a t t2
 d
 = lim =
t → 0 t dt  a t t1
It is the limiting value of the average angular velocity 2
−1 1 x
The SI unit of angular velocity is rad.s .
z
Its dimensional formula is [M L T−1] Uniform circular motion
Angular acceleration
(i) Average angular acceleration(av): It is the ratio of the change in angular velocity to the elapsed time
 − 1 
 av = 2 =
t 2 − t1 t
(ii) Angular acceleration(): It is the rate of change of angular velocity
 d
 = lim =
t → o t dt
It is the limiting value of the average angular acceleration.
Its SI unit is rad s−2
Its dimensional formula in [M L T−2]
• Finite angular displacements are not vectors since they do not obey commutative law
 •
•
Infinitesimal (differential) angular displacements are, however, treated as vectors.
The direction of rotational variables specifies the axis of rotation, and is given by the right hand rule
• Nothing moves in the direction of angular variables, i.e., along the axis of rotation.
Relations connecting linear and angular variables:

(a) s = r; (b) v = r; (c) a = r
The following table contains linear as well as angular equations of motion for constant acceleration
Angular Linear
Sl.no. Equation Missing quantity Sl.no. Equation Missing quantity
1  = o + t  1 v = u + at s
t2
at 2
2  = o t +  2 s = ut + v
2 2
3  = o + 2
2 2
t 3 2 = u2 + 2as t
( + o )t (u + v)t
4  = av t =  4 s = u av t = a
2 2
 (2n −1) a (2n −1)
5  n = o +  5 sn = u + v
2 2
 2 − 1 s 2 − s1
6 = o,  6 a= 2 u, v
t2 t
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Moment of inertial (I):
Particle
a. Moment of inertia of a particle about an axis is defined as the product of its r
m
mass m and square of its distance r from the axis of rotation.
Rigid body
I = mr2
r1 m1
b. Moment of inertia of a rigid body about an axis is the sum of the
r2
moments of inertia of its constituent particles about that axis m2
i=n r0 mi
I= m r
i =1
i i
2
for a rigid body r3 m3
The SI unit of moment of inertia is kg.m2 Axis of rotation.

The dimensional formula for I is [M1L2T] Moment of inertia of a
particle and a rigid
(i) Moment of inertia of a body changes if the axis of rotation is changed. body about an axis
(ii) Moment of inertia of a body depends on (a) the mass, (b) the distance and (c)
the manner in which mass of the body is distributed.
(iii) It plays the same role in rotational motion as mass does in translational motion. So, it is the counter part of mass.
(iv) Moment of inertia of continuous and homogeneous mass distribution about an axis is given by
I = s  r 2 dv
v
where s → mass density of the material

r → distance of the differential volume element from the axis of rotation

v
→ integration over the volume occupied by the mass
Radius of gyration (k): It is the distance of the centre of mass of a body about its axis of rotation such that the M.I.
I
of the centre of mass equals that of the body. It is given by k =
M
SI unit of radius of gyration is the metre.
The dimensional formula for radius of gyration is [M L1 T]
The M.I. of a body about an axis is that property of the body that causes it to resist a change in its angular velocity
about that axis.
Perpendicular axis theorem: The moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular to its plane is
equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the lamina about two mutually perpendicular axes in the plane of the
lamina, all three axes originating at the same point.
Iz = Ix + Iy
Parallel axes theorem: The moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia
about a parallel axis through its centre of mass and the product of its mass and square of the distance between the
two axes.
I = Ic + mr2
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M.I. of some rigid bodies
Expression for Radius of

Sl. No Object Axis of rotation
MI I gyration k
About central axis
(a)
Axis MR2 R
R
1 Hoop (Thin circular ring)
Axis
R
(b)
MR 2 R
About a diameter 2 2
(a) Axis
Perpendicular to
L the length and ML2 L
through its centre 12 12
2 Thin rod
(b)
Axis
Perpendicular to L
ML2
the length at
one end 3 3
(a)
About central
diameter MR 2 R
R
2 2
Axis
(b)
3. Solid cylinder (or disc) Axis
About central  R 2 L2  R 2 L2
diameter M +  +
L  4 12  4 12
(a) Axis
About central
diameter
2MR 2 2
4 Solid sphere R
5 5
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Expression for Radius of
Sl. No Object Axis of rotation
MI I gyration k
(b)
About a 7 MR 2 7
tangent R
5 5
Axis
Angular momentum (L): It is the counter part of linear momentum. Angular momentum
of a particle about an axis is defined as
→ → →
L = r  p = rmvsin   nˆ
→
where r → position vector relative to O
→ O
v → velocity of the particle of mass m 
→
r⊥
m p⊥
n̂ → unit vector in the direction of L N
→ → → Illustration of
 → angle between r and p or v
→ → →
angular momentum
The direction of L is always perpendicular to the plane formed by r and p , the sense
being given by right hand grasp rule.
The SI unit of angular momentum is kg m2 s−1.
The dimensional formula for angular momentum is [M L2 T−2]
→
Torque (  ) : It is the counter part of force. Moment of a force, i.e., torque, is defined as
→ → →
 = r  F = rF sin  n̂
→
When r → position vector of a particle of mass m relative to O,
→
F → force acting on the particle
→
n̂ → unit vector in the direction of  O
→ →
 → angle between r and F r⊥ 
m F⊥
The SI unit of torque is N m N
Illustration of torque
The dimensional formula for torque is [M1L2T−2]
• The turning or the rotating effect of a force or a couple about an axis is measured by the torque.
 •
•
No torque acts on a body rotating with a constant angular speed about an axis.
Torque and work are two different quantities, though they have the same unit Nm. Work is expressed in joule, but
there is no specific unit for torque.
Torque and angular momentum: Torque is the rate of change of angular momentum.
→
→
→ →
 → → → →
dL d d r d v
= = [ m ( r  v )] = m  v+ r 
dt dt  dt dt 
 
→ → → → → → → → → →
= m [ v  v ] + m r  a = r  ( m a ) ( v  v = 0 ) = r  F
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Relation connecting moment of inertia and
(a) angular momentum : L = I
(b) torque:  = I
I 2
(c) rotational kinetic energy: K r =
2
Law of conservation of angular momentum: In the absence of external torque on a system, the angular momentum
of that system remains constant, no matter what changes take place with the system.
→ →
L = cons tan t, or  L = 0
or I11 = I22 = constant If
or m1 1 r12 = m 2 2 r22 = constant
or m1v1r1 = m2v2r2 = constant
• The angular speed of a spinning volunteer increases when the volunteer pulls his/her out stretched hands. This is due
to the law of conservation of angular momentum. MI of the volunteer about the axis is more when the hands are
 •
stretched and less when the hands are pulled.
A spring board diver leaves the board with a definite angular momentum about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the
vertical plane containing the parabolic path of the diver. The diver changes from open layout position to closed
position and vice versa so as to conserve angular momentum during somersault.
Comparison of rotational and translational quantities
Sl. No. Physical quantity Pure translation Pure rotation (fixed)
(fixed direction)
1 Position coordinate x 
2 Velocity dx d
v= =
dt dt
3 Acceleration dv d
a= =
dt dt
4 Cense for motion (Newton 2nd F = ma (force)  = I
law)
5 Work w = Fdx  d
6 Kinetic energy mv 2
I2
k= kr =
2 2
7 Power P = Fv Pr = 
8 Momentum p = mv L = I
9 Inertia Mass m Moment of inertia I = mr2
10 Work energy theorem W = k f − ki W = krf − kri
→ → → → → →
11 Law of conservation of  p = p f − p i or mv = constant  L = L f − L i or I = constant
momentum
Kinetic energy of rolling motion
Kinetic energy of rolling motion can be separated into kinetic energy of translation and kinetic energy of rotation.
i.e., k = k (translation) + k(rotation)
mv 2 1 2
= + I
2 2
Put I = mk2, where k is radius of gyration of body and vc = R
1 mk 2 vcm
2
1 2 1 2  k2 
 k= + mv cm or k = mvcm 1 + 2 
2 R2 2 2  R 
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Illustrations
1. Four bodies of masses 2, 3, 5 and 8 kg are placed at the four corners of a square of side 2 m. The position of CM will
be
 8 13   7 11 
(A)  ,  m (B)  ,  m
9 9  9 9 
 11 13   11 8 
(C)  ,  m (D)  ,  m
9 9  9 9
Ans (A)
The co-ordinates of the corners of the square are (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2). Hence,
m x + m2 x2 + m3 x3 + m4 x4 2  0 + 3  2 + 5  2 + 8  0 16 8
xCOM = 1 1 = = = m
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 2+3+5+8 18 9
m y + m2 y2 + m3 y3 + m4 y4 2  0 + 3  0 + 5  2 + 8  2 26 13
yCOM = 1 1 = = = m
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 2+3+5+8 18 9
 8 13 
 Coordinates of the centre of mass =  ,  m
9 9 
2. Two bodies of mass 10 kg and 2 kg are moving with velocities 2iˆ − 7 ˆj + 3kˆ and −10iˆ + 35 ˆj − 3kˆ ms–1 respectively.
The velocity of their centre of mass is
(A) 2iˆ ms–1 (B) 2kˆ ms–1 (C) (2 ˆj + 2kˆ) ms–1 (D) (2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ) ms–1
Ans (B)
m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 2 kg
v1 = 2iˆ − 7 ˆj + 3kˆ
v2 = −10iˆ + 35 ˆj − 3kˆ
m1v1 + m2 v2 10(2iˆ − 7 ˆj + 3kˆ) + 2(−10iˆ + 35 ˆj − 3kˆ)
vCOM = = = 2kˆ ms–1
m1 + m2 10 + 2
3. A mass of 1 kg is placed at (1m, 2m, 0). Another mass of 2 kg is placed at (3m, 4m, 0). Find the moment of inertia
of the system of these masses about z-axis.
(A) 18.33 kg m2 (B) 55 kg m2 (C) 44 kg m2 (D) 50 kg m2
Ans (B)
m1 = 1 kg, r1 = 12 + 22 = 5 m
m2 = 2 kg, r2 = 32 + 42 = 5 m
I z = (1) ( 5 ) + 2(5)2 = 55 kg m2
2
4. Four thin rods each of mass m and length l are joined to make a square. Find the moment of inertia of all the four
rods about any side of the square.
2 2 2 2 5 2
(A) ml (B) ml (C) 2 ml2 (D) ml
3 3 3
Ans (D)
I yy ' = I1 + I 2 + I3 + I 4
ml 2 ml 2
= + ml 2 + +0
3 3
5ml 2
=
3
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17 2
5. Moment of inertia of a uniform rod of mass m and length l is ml about a line perpendicular to the rod. Find the
12
distance of this line from the middle point of the rod.
l l 2
(A) l (B) (C) (D) l
2 3 2 3
Ans (C)
7 2 ml 2
I = ICOM + mr 2  ml = + mr 2
12 12
l2 l
 r2 = r=
2 2
6. Radius of gyration of a body about an axis at a distance 6 cm from its centre of mass is 10 cm. Find its radius of
gyration about a parallel axis through its centre of mass.
(A) 6 cm (B) 8 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 12 cm
Ans (B)
I = ICOM + mr 2  m(10)2 = m(k )2 + m(6)2  k = 8 cm
7. Two points P and Q, diametrically opposite on a disc of radius R have linear velocities v and 2 v as shown, in figure.
Find the angular speed of the disc.
3v v
(A) (B)
2R 2 2R
v v
(C) (D)
R 2R
Ans (D)
Let the velocity of centre is x and angular speed is 
At P : x − R = v
At Q : x + R = 2v Subtracting
−2r  = −v
v
=
2R
8. Point O is the centre of mass of the rigid body shown in figures. Find the magnitude of torque (in N m) of the rigid
body about point O when forces applied are as shown.
(A) 2.71
(B) 4.52
(C) 7.22
(D) 1.23
Ans (A)
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9. A body rotating at 20 rad s−1 is acted upon by a constant torque providing it a deceleration of 2 rad s−2. At what time
will the body have kinetic energy same as the initial value if the torque continues to act?
(A) 10 s (B) 20 s (C) 15 s (D) 30 s
Ans (B)
0 = 20 rad s−1;  = −2 rad s−2,  = 0
20
 = 0 + t1  t1 = = 10s
2
At t1 = 10, body comes to a halt. If the torque continues to act the body acquires initial angular speed in the opposite
direction (i.e., initial kinetic energy) after another 10 s.
 Required time is t = 10 + 10 = 20 s
10. A particle of mass m moves in xy plane along the line y = x − 4, with constant speed v. Find the angular momentum
of the particle about origin at any instant of time.
2
(A) mv (B) 2mv (C) mv (D) 2 2 mv
3
Ans (D)
Perpendicular distance d from the origin is d⊥ = 4sin 45 = 2 2 m
 L = mvd⊥ = 2 2 mv
11. The centre of mass of a system of particles does not depend on

(A) masses of the particles (B) forces acting on the particles
(C) position of the particles (D) relative distances between the particles
Ans (B)
The resultant of all the forces on any system of particles is zero. Therefore, their centre of mass does not depend upon
the forces acting on the particles.
12. The angular momentum of a 10 g particle moving with velocity 5 î m s–1 and having position vector (10iˆ + 6ˆj) metre
about the origin is
(A) –0.1 k̂ Js (B) –0.2 k̂ Js (C) –0.3 k̂ Js (D) –0.4 k̂ Js
Ans (C)
Angular momentum L = r  p = m(r  v)
= 10 [(10iˆ + 6j) ˆ  5i]
ˆ
1000
= 0.01(30 ˆj  î)
= −0.3kˆ Js ( î  î = 0 & ˆj  î = − k)
ˆ
13. The ratio of the angular speeds of the hour hand to the minute hand of a clock is
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 43200 : 1 (C) 720 : 1 (D) 1 : 12
Ans (D)

Angular velocity  =
t
Angular velocity of the hour hand (1 )  / t1
=
Angular velocity of the min ute hand (2 )  / t 2
60
t 1 hr 1
= 2 = =
t1 12 hr 12
14. Two bodies are rotating about an axis, their angular momentum being the same. Moment of inertia of body −1 is I1
and that of body −2 is I2. Their respective rotational kinetic energies are K1 and K2.
If I1 > I2, then
(A) K1 > K2
(B) K1 < K2
(C) K1 = K2
(D) the data is insufficient to predict whether K1 > K2, K2 > K1, or K1 = K2.
Ans (B)
The kinetic energy of a rotating body about an axis is K = 1 I2
2
Let 1 and 2 be the angular speeds of the bodies 1 and 2 respectively. The kinetic energy of body −1 and body − 2
are respectively
1
K1 = I1 12 and K2 = 1 I2 22 . But the angular momentum is same for both the bodies,
2 2
i.e. L = I11 = I22.
K1 I112 (I11 ) 2 / I1 I 2
= = =  1 since I1 > I2
K 2 I 2 22 (I 2 2 ) 2 / I 2 I1
 K1 < K2
15. A body rolls without slipping. The radius of gyration of the body about an axis passing through its centre of mass is
k. The radius of the body is R. The ratio of rotational kinetic energy to translational kinetic energy is
2 2
(A) k (B) R (C) k2 (D) k2 + R2
R 2
k +R
2 2
k +R
2 2
Ans (A)
I2 m k 2 v 2
Rotational kinetic energy is K r = =
2 2R2
m v2 Kr k2
Translatio nal kinetic energy is K =  =
2 K R2
16. There are four point masses m each on the corners of a square of side length l. What is the moment of inertia of the
system about one of its diagonals?
(A) 2ml2 (B) ml2 (C) 4ml2 (D) 6ml2
Ans (B)
l B
MI about one of its diagonals = m(AO)2 + m(OC)2 A
2 2
 l   l 
= m  + m  = ml
2
l l
 2   2 
O
D C
17. l
The moment of inertia of a meter stick of mass 300 gm, about an axis at right angles to the stick and located at 30 cm
mark, is
(A) 8.3  105 g cm2 (B) 5.8 g cm2 (C) 3.7  105 g cm2 (D) none of these
Ans (C)
According to theorem of parallel axes
Ml 2 1002 
I = ICG + Md 2 = + Md 2 = 300  + 202  = 3.7 105 gm cm2
12  12 
61
18. The moment of inertia of a uniform thin rod of length L and mass M about an axis passing through a point at a
L
distance of from one of its ends and perpendicular to the rod is
3
7ML2 ML2 ML2 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
48 1 9 3
Ans (C)
L L L
The distance OC = − = L/3
2 3 6
Applying the theorem of parallel axes, A O C B
2
IC = IO + M(OC) L/2
2
L/2
ML2  L  ML
2
+ M  =
12 6 9
R
19. Two spheres each of mass M and radius are connected with a massless rod of length 2R as shown in the figure.
2
The moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing through the centre of one of the sphere and perpendicular
to the rod is
21 Y
(A) MR 2
5 P M Q M
2 2
(B) MR 2R
5
5 R/2 R/2
(C) MR 2
2
5 Y
(D) MR 2
21
Ans (A)
According to theorem of parallel axes,
2 2
2 R 2 R 1 21
I = M   + M(2R) 2 + M   = 4MR 2 + MR 2 = MR 2
5 2 5 2 5 5
20. The moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is 1.2 kg m2. Initially, the body is at rest. In order to produce a
rotational KE of 1500 joule, an angular acceleration of 25 rad/sec2 must be applied about that axis for a duration of
(A) 4 s (B) 2 s (C) 8 s (D) 10 s
Ans (B)
1 1 1
K R = I2 = (t)2 = I2  t 2
2 2 2
1
1500 = 1.2  (25)2 t 2 or t2 = 4 or t = 2 s
2
21. A flywheel of radius 2 m and mass 8 kg rotates at an angular speed of 4 rad/s about an axis perpendicular to it through
its centre. The kinetic energy of rotation is
(A) 128 J (B) 196 J (C) 256 J (D) 392 J
Ans (A)
M = 8 kg R = 2 m  = 4 rad/sec
1 2 1 1 1
(KE)Rotation = I or K R =  MR 2  2 =  8  4 16 = 128 J
2 2 2 4
22. A constant torque of 31.4 N m is exerted on a pivoted wheel. If angular acceleration of wheel is
4 rad/sec2, then the moment of inertia of the wheel is
62
(A) 2.5 kg m2 (B) 3.5 kg m2 (C) 4.5 kg m2 (D) 5.5 kg m2
Ans (A)
 = 31.4 = I = I  4
31.4
 I= = 2.5 kg m2
4
23. The ratio of the radii of gyration of a circular disc and a circular ring of the same radii about a tangential axis is
(A) 1: 2 (B) 5: 6 (C) 2: 3 (D) 2:1
Ans (B)
1 5 1 3
Id = m1r12 + m1r12 = m1r12 and Ir = m2 r22 + m2 r22 = m2 r22
4 4 2 2
But r1 = r2.
5 3 5 K 5
 K d2 / K 2r = / =  d = .
4 2 6 Kr 6
24. Rotational motion can be

(A) one or two dimensional (B) two or three dimensional
(C) three or one dimensional (D) none of the above
Ans (B)
Rotational motion cannot be one dimensional.
25. A flywheel rotates at a constant acceleration of 2 rad s–2. If the wheel starts from rest, the number of revolutions that
it makes in first ten seconds is approximately
(A) 16 (B) 24 (C) 32 (D) 8
Ans (A)
1 1
 = it + t2 But i = 0   =  2  102 = 100 rad
2 2
 100
Number of rotations n = =  16.
2 2
26. The center of a wheel rolling on a plane surface moves with a speed v0. A particle on the rim of the wheel at the same
level as the center will be moving at a speed v
(A) zero
v
(B) v0 v
(C) 2 v0 v
(D) 2 v0
Ans (C)
In pure rolling, v = r
Speed of the points at same height as that center is v2 + v2 = 2 v0
27. Four spheres, each of mass M and diameter 2r, are placed with their centres on the corners of a square of side a (a >
2r). The moment of inertia of the system about one side of the square is
2 2 2 2
(A) M (5r2 + 4a2) (B) M (5r2 + 2a2) (C) M (2r2 + 5a2) (D) M (4r2 + 5a2)
5 5 5 5
Ans (D)
2  2  2 2
I = 2  Mr 2  + 2  Mr 2 + Ma 2  = (4Mr2 + 5Ma2) = M(4r2 + 5a2).
 5   5  5 5
28. Two discs A and B have same mass and same thickness but A is made of aluminium and B of lead. About the central
axis, the moment of inertia of
63
(A) both the discs are the same (B) disc A is larger
(C) disc B is larger (D) the two discs cannot be same
Ans (B)
In the case of aluminium, density is less. The distribution of mass is farther from the axis.
29. Two circular loops A and B of radii R and 2R respectively are made of the same wire. Their moments of inertia about
the axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to their plane are IA and IB respectively. The ratio IA/IB is
1 1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 4 8
Ans (D)
Let  be the mass per unit length of the wire.
MA = 2R and MB = 4 R.
IA = MA R 2A = 2 R R 2 = 2R3
and IB = MBR B2 = 4 R(2R)2 =16 R 3
I 1
 A=
IB 8
30. Three particles each of mass 1 kg are placed at the vertices of a triangle. Fourth particle of mass 2 kg is placed at the
centroid of the triangle. Find the moment of inertia about the side AB of the triangle.
(A) 11 kg m2 C
2 5m
(B) 21 kg m 5m
2
(C) 201 kg m D
(D) 121 kg m2 A B
8m
Ans (A)
The particles A and B are on the axis. The perpendicular distances of the particles C(1 kg) and D(2 kg) are 3 m and
1 m from the axis AB.
 Moment of inertia of four particle system is I =  m i ri2 = 1(C)2 + 2(1)2 = 11 kg m2
31. A balance is made of a rigid rod free to rotate about a point not at the centre of the rod. When an unknown mass m
is placed in the left-hand pan, it is balanced by a mass m1 placed in the
right-hand pan and similarly when the mass m is placed in the right-hand pan, it is balanced by a mass m2 in the left-
hand pan. Neglecting the masses of the pans, m is
m + m2 m12 + m 22 m12 + m 22
(A) 1 (B) m 1 m 2 (C) (D)
2 2 2
Ans (B)
Torque about support is zero.
mgx = m1gy … (1)
m2gx = mgy … (2)
From the above equations, we get m = m1 m 2
32. A wheel of mass 40 kg and radius of gyration 0.5 m comes to rest from a speed of 1800 revolution
per minute in 30 s. Assuming that the retardation is uniform, the value of the retarding torque in N m, is
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40
Ans (B)
The retardation is given by zero = 0 − t
1800  2 
0 = = 60 rad s−1   = 0 = 2 rad s−1
60 t
Moment of inertia of the wheel is I = Mk2 = 40  0.52 = 10 kg m2
64
Retarding torque = I = 20 N m.
33. A wheel with moment of inertia 2 kgm2 about its axis, rotates at 50 rpm. The torque that can stop the wheel in one
minute is
  
(A) Nm (B) Nm (C) Nm (D)  N m
9 18 36
Ans (B)
5
The initial angular velocity = 50 rpm = rad s −1
3
5
0−
 − 0 3 = −  rad s − 2
Using  = 0 + t,  = =
t 60 36
 
The torque that can produce this deceleration is  = I = 2  = Nm .
36 18
34. When a mass is rotated in a plane about a fixed point, its angular momentum is directed along
(A) the radius (B) the tangent to the orbit
(C) a line at an angle of 45 to the plane of rotation (D) the axis of rotation
Ans (D)
  
The angular momentum L = r  m v is perpendicular to both the radius vector and linear velocity of the particle.

35. A particle is moved in a circle with a constant angular velocity. Its angular momentum is L . If the radius of the circle
is halved keeping the angular velocity same, the angular momentum of the particle is
 
L L  
(A) (B) (C) L (D) 2 L
4 2
Ans (A)
 
  r2 L 1  L
Given, L = mr2 and L  = m  Therefore,  =  L = .
4 L 4 4
36. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v making an angle of 45 with the horizontal. The magnitude of the
angular momentum of the projectile about the point of projection when the particle is at its maximum height h is
mv 3 mv 3
(A) zero (B) (C) (D) m 2gh 3
4 2g 2g
Ans (B) and (D)
v 2 sin 2 45 v2
Maximum height attained is h = =
2g 4g
mv
Momentum at the highest point is p = mv cos 45 = (along horizontal)
2
 mv mv3
Therefore, angular momentum about the origin is L = h=
2 4 2g
 m
L =  4gh  h = m 2gh 3
2
37. A ballet dancer is spinning with a constant angular speed  with her arms stretched out wards from the body. After
a while, she gradually pulls her arms towards the body. Then
(A) the angular speed increases (B) the angular momentum increases
(C) the angular speed decreases (D) moment of inertia increases
Ans (A)
65
The angular momentum of the dancer I = constant. The moment of inertia decreases, when the dancer pulls her
arms towards the body. Therefore, the angular speed increases in order to conserve the angular momentum.
38. A thin circular ring of mass M is rotating about its axis with a constant angular velocity . Two objects, each of mass
m, are attached gently to the opposite ends of a diameter of the ring. The ring now rotates with an angular velocity
M  ( M − 2m) M  ( M + 2m)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
M+m M + 2m M + 2m M
Ans (C)
Angular momentum is conserved.
I = I//
MR2 = (M + 2m)R2/
 M 
/ =  
 M + 2m 
39. A constant torque acting on a uniform circular wheel changes its angular momentum from A 0 to 4A0 in
4 s. The magnitude of this torque is
3A 0
(A) (B) A0 (C) 4 A0 (D) 12 A0
4
Ans (A)
Angular impulse = change in angular momentum
3A 0 3A 0
 t = 4A0 – A0  = =
t 4
40. Two bodies with moments of inertia I1 and I2 (I1 > I2) have equal angular momenta. If E1 and E2 are their rotational
kinetic energies respectively, then
(A) E1 > E2
(B) E1 = E2
(C) E1 < E2
(D) the one which has larger mass has the larger kinetic energy
Ans (C)
 I
Given I11 = I22  1 = 2
2 I1
1 1 E1 I 2 I
E1 = I1 12 and E2 = I2 22  = 1 12 = 2 < 1  E1 < E2
2 2 E2 I 2 2 I1
66
NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS

1. Three particles of equal masses are placed at co-ordinates (1, 1), (2, 2) and (4, 4) respectively. The
position co-ordinate of COM of system of three particles is [NCERT Pg. 146]
2 7 7 7
(1) (0, 0) (2)  ,  (3)  ,  (4) (2, 2)
7 2 3 3
2. Consider a system of two identical particles. One of the particles is at rest and the other has an
acceleration a. The centre of mass has an acceleration [NCERT Pg. 146)
1
(1) Zero (2) a (3) a (4) 2 a
2
3. A thin uniform flat plate is in shape of L as shown. The mass of lamina is 6 kg. The position of
centre of mass from point O [NCERT Pg. 147]
5 5  2 5  1 2  5 5 
(1)  m, m  (2)  m, m  (3)  m, m  (4)  m, m 
3 3  3 3  6 6  6 6 
4. Which relation regarding product of two vectors is incorrect ? [NCERT Pg. 151]
(1) a  a = 0 (2) a.(b + c) = (a.b) + (a.c)
(3) a  b = −(−a)  (−b) (4) a  b = b  a
5. The vector product of given two vectors A = 3i − 4j + 5k and B = 2i + j + k is [NCERT Pg. 152]
(1) −9i + 13j + 11k (2) −9i −13j + 11k (3) −9i + 7j + 11k (4) −9i + 7j −11k
6. The force acting on a particle is (i + 2j + 3k) . Find the torque of this force about origin if position
vector of force is (7i + 3j + 5k) m. [NCERT Pg. 157]
(1) i + 16j −11k (2) −i − 16j + 11k (3) i + 16j + 11k (4) −i + 9j + 11k
7. The angular momentum of a particle of mass 0.5 kg about point O at the instant as shown in the
figure, is
(1) 6kgm2s–1 (2) 9 kgm2s–1 (3) 18kgm2s–1 (4) 9 3 kgm2s–1
67
8. Which of the following statement is incorrect? [NCERT Pg. 158]
(1) Moment of couple is independent of point about which moment is taken.
(2) For translational equilibrium of a body vector sum of all the forces on it must be zero
(3) A body may be in translational equilibrium but may not be in rotational equilibrium
simultaneously
(4) Rotational equilibrium depends on location of origin about which torques are taken
9. A 3 m long ladder weighing 10 kg leans on a frictionless wall. Its feet rest on floor 1.5 m
from wall as shown. What is reaction force of the wall? [NCERT Pg. 162]
50
(1) N (2) 50 3N (3) 100 3N (4) 120 N
3
10. Which of the following statement is incorrect? [NCERT Pg, 163]
(1) Moment of inertia depends on distribution of mass about rotational axis
(2) Moment of inertia depends on orientation and position of axis of rotation
(3) Moment of inertia changes when angular velocity of body changes
(4) Flywheel resists sudden increase or decrease of speed of vehicle
11. A ring has mass of 6 kg and radius of 2 m. What is moment of inertia of this ring about
a tangent to the Circle of ring in its plane? [NCERT Pg. 166]
(1) 24 kg m2 (2) 12kgm2 (3) 30 kg m2 (4) 36 kg m2
12. A cord of negligible mass is wound round the rim of flywheel disc with mass of 15 kg and radius
of 40 cm. A steady pull of 50 N is applied to cord as shown. The wheel is mounted on horizontal
axis. What is angular acceleration of wheel?
(1) 10.33 rad s–2 (2) 16.66 rad s–2 (3) 20.66 rad s–2 (4) 4.99 rad s–2
13. A cord of negligible mass is wrapped around a solid cylinder of a mass 20 kg and radius
20 cm. A steady pull of 25 N is applied on cord tangentially. The cylinder is mounted on
horizontal axis with frictionless bearings. What is kinetic energy of wheel when 2 m cord is
unwound? [NCERT Pg. 171]
(1) 50 J (2) 100J (3) 150J (4) 90 J
14. Four bodies; a ring, a solid cylinder, a hollow sphere and a solid sphere of same mass are
allowed to roll down a rough inclined plane without slipping from same level- The body
with greatest rotational kinetic energy at bottom is [NCERT Pg. 178]
68
(1) Ring (2) Solid cylinder (3) Hollow sphere (4) Solid sphere
15. A car weighs 1800 kg. The distance between its front axle and back axle is 1.8 m. Its centre of
gravity is 1.05 m behind front axle. The force exerted by level ground on front wheels is (g = 10
ms–2) [NCERT Pg. 178]
(1) 7500 N (2) 6500 N (3) 9500 N (4) 1800 N
16. A ring (circular) of radius 2 m has mass of 100 kg. It rolls purely along horizontal floor
so that its COM has speed 20 cm s–1. The work required to stop it is [NCERT Pg. 179]
(1) 2J (2) 3 J (3) 4J (4) 8J
17. To maintain a rotor at a uniform angular speed of 200 rad sH an engine needs to transmit a
torque of 125 Nm. What is power required by the engine? [NCERT Pg. 179]
(1) 15 kW (2) 20 kW (3) 25 kW (4) 50 kW
18. A bullet of mass 10 gram is fixed with speed of 500 m s–1 into a door and gets embedded
exactly at centre of door. The door is 1 m wide and weighs 12 kg. Door is hinged along one
side and rotates about vertical axis without friction. The angular speed of door just after bullet
embeds into it is [NCERT Pg. 180]
(1) 0.35 rad s–1 (2) 0.625 rad s–1
(3) 0.255 rad s–1 (4) 0.935 rad s–1
19. A solid disc of radius 10 cm are placed on a horizontal table (rough) with initial angular
speed equal to 10 % rad s–1. if coefficient of kinetic friction between disc and table is 0.2
then time taken by the disc to start pure rolling will be [NCERT Pg. 181]
   
(1) s (2) s (3) s (4) s
2 3 6 4
20. A child stands at centre of turntable with his two arms outstretched- The turntable is set rotating
with angular speed of 40 rad s–1. What will be angular speed of child if he folds his hands back
2
reducing moment of inertia to times the initial value (ignore friction?) [NCERT Pg. 180]
5
(1) 50 rad s–1 (2) 75 rad s–1 (3) 100 rad s–1 (4) 150 rad s–1
NCERT BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Two particles of mass m1 and m2 are at distances r1 and r2 from the centre of mass
r1
then is
r2
m1 m2 m1 + m2 m1 + m2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
m2 m1 m1 m2
2. Two balls each of mass m are placed on two vertices of an equilateral triangle. A ball
of 2m is situated at third vertex then the centre of mass of the system is at mid point
of
69
(a) bisector of AE (b) bisector of BF
(c) bisector CD (d) AB
3. The identical spheres A,B and C each of radius R are placed touching each other on
a horizontal table. Then centre of mass of the system relative to the centre of sphere A
is
(a)
1
3
(AB + AC ) (b) (
1
2
AB + AC) (c) AB + AC (d) none of these
4. Which of the following statement is most appropriately correct?
(a) centre of mass of the body must lie inside the body
(b) centre of mass may lie inside the body
(c) centre of mass must lie outside the body
(d) centre of mass may lie inside or out side the body
5. If two particles of mass m1 and m2 are placed at a distance r0 from each other then
distance of particle of mass m2 from centre of mass is
m2 m1 m1 m2
(a) r0 (b) r0 (c) r0 (d) r0
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m2 m1
6. Two particle of same mass are placed at (x1,0) (x2, ) then x co-ordinate of centre of mass
is
x1 + x 2 x1 − x2
(a) (b) (c) x1 (d) x2
2 2
7. If a body is projected at same angle from horizontal – a horizontal range R. If the body
explodes in mid air then The centre of mass of the exploded particle will fall a distance
a
R R 3R
(a) (b) (c) (d) R
4 2 4
8. The motor of an engine is rotating about its axis with an angular velocity of 120 r. P.m.
If comes to rest in 105 after being switched off. Number of revolution made by the
motor before coming to rest is
(a) 5 (b) 15 (c) 10 (d) 20
9. Torque due to a force is due to
(a) transverse component (b) longitudinal component
(c) by all the component (d) none of these
10. A body is called in rotational equilibrium when
(a) clockwise moment > anticlockwise moment
(b) clockwise moment < anticlockwise moment
(c) clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment
(d) none of these
11. If two force of magnitude F are acting on the opposite side of a rod of length l then
torque of the forces about mid point of rod is
Fl
(a) (b) Fl (c) F2l (d) F 4l
2
12. Torque of a force is given by a formula
(a)  = r  F (b)  = r.F (c)  = r + F (d) none of these
13. A particle of mass m is moving with a constant velocity v parallel to the x− axis as
shown in the figure. Its angular momentum (magnitude) about origin O is
70
c) mv a + b
2 2
a) mvb b) mva d) mv(a+b)
14. Which of the following relation is correct?
(a) angular momentum = 2 (mass  areal velocity)
(b) angular momentum = mass  areal velocity
1
(c) angular momentum = (mass  areal velocity)
2
(d) none of these
15. A rigid body is said in mechanical equilibrium when linear momentum (P) and angular
momentum (L) are
(a) P = constant; L = constant (b) P ≠ constant, L = constant
(c) P = constant; L ≠ constant (d) P ≠ constant, L ≠ constant
16. Which of the following statement is correct about centre of mass and centre of gravity?
(a) both are at same point (b) both may be at same point
(c) both must be at different point (d) none of these
17. If radius of earth decreases and its mass remain constant then time period of day time
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) remains constant (d) con not be said
18. Moment of inertial of a ring of mass m and radiurs r about its diameter is
1 2 1 2
(a) mr2 (b) mr (c) mr (d) 2 mr2
2 4
19. Moment of inertial of a disc of mass m and radius r about its diameter is
1 2 1 2
(a) mr2 (b) mr (c) mr (d) 2 mr2
2 4
20. Moment of inertia of a solid sphere of mass m and radius r about t diameter is
2 2 2 1 2
(a) mr2 (b) mr (c) mr (d) mr2
3 5 2
21. Moment of inertia of a body depends on
(a) axis of rotation (b) distribution of mass about rotation axis
(c) both a and b (d) none of these
22. Moment of inertia of a ring about an axis tangent to the ring and in the plane of the
ring is
3 2 1 2 3 2
(a) mr2 (b) mr (c) mr (d) mr
2 2 4
71
23. A body of mass m and radius of gyration K and radius R is purely rolling with centre
of mass velocity  then kinetic energy of the body is
1 1 2 k2 
(a) m 2
(b) m 
 R 2 
1 +
2 2  
1 2 R2 
(c) m 1 + 2  (d) None
2  K 
24. A body is rolling down on an inclined plane of angle θ radius of the body is R and
radius of gyration K. Then acceleration of the body is
I sin  I sin  I cos 
(a) I sin θ (b) 2 (c) 2 (d)
R K R2
1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
k R k
25. A ring, a disc and a sphere all of the same redius and mass roll down on an inclined
plane of inclination θ from a height h Then which of the following will reach the bottom
first
(a) ring (b) disc
(c) sphere (d) all will reach simultaneously
26. A sphere is rolling on a level surface find the ratio of the kinetic energy due to the
translational motion to the total energy of the sphere?
2 7 5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 5 7 9
27. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is rotating about its axis with a constant
angular velocity w. Four objects each of mass m are kept gently to the opposite ends
of two perpendicular diameters of the ring angular velocity of the ring will be
M M M + 4m m
(a) w (b) w (c) w (d) w
M + 4m 4m M 4M
28. A particle performing uniform circular motion has angular momentum L. What will be
its angular momentum if its angular frequency is halved and kinetic energy is doubled?
(a) 3L (b) 2L (c) 4 L (d) 5 L
1
29. What will be the duration of the day ,it the earth suddenly shrinks to of its original
64
volume mass remaining unchanged?
(a) 1.5 h (b) 3h (c) 6 h (d) 8h
30. Form a uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius R/2 is cut out. The centre
of the hole is at R/2 from the centre of the original disc. Ten distance of centre of
gravity of the remaining body from centre is
R R R R
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 2 6 12
31. A rope of negligible mass is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3kg and radius
40cm. What is the angular acceleration of cylinder if the rope is pulled with a force of
30N
(a) 20 m/s2 (b) 15 m/s2 (c) 25 m/s2 (d) 10 m/s2
32. A hoop of radius 2 m weighs 100kg. If rolls along a horizontal floor so that its centre
of mass has a speed of 20cm/s.How much work has to be done to stop it
(a) 2 J (b) 3 J (c) 4 J (d) 6 J
72
33. A metre stick is balanced on a knife edge at its centre. When two coins, each of mass
5g are put one on top of the other at the 12.0 cm mark. The stick is found to be
balanced at 45.0cm. Mass of the metre stick is
(a) 56 gm (b) 66 gm (c) 64 gm (d) 76 gm
34. If a body of radius R and radius of gyration K is rolling on an inclined plane of height
h. Then translational velocity of the body at the bottom of plane is
Ih Ih 2 Ih
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) (d) none of these
k R k2
1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
R k R
35. A disc rotating about its axis with angular speed W0 is placed lightly on a perfectly
frictionless table. The radius of the disc is R  A , B , c is speed of point A,B & C then
(a)  A   B   c (b)  A   C   B
(c)  A   B   c (d)  C   B   A
36. A solid cylinder rolls up an inclined plane of angle of inclination 300. At the bottom of
the inclined plane the centre of mass of the cylinder has a speed of 5m/s. How long
will it take to return to the bottom
(a) 2 s (b) 3 s (c) 4 s (d) 3.5 s
37. A solid cylinder of mass 20kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 red/s. The
radius of the cylinder is 0.25 m . The kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the
cylinder is
(a) 6250 J (b) 3100 J (c) 3125 J (d) 3000 J
38. A car weighs 1800 kg. The distance between its front and back axles is 1.8m. Its centre
of gravity is 1.05 m behind the front axles. Force exerted by the level ground on front
wheel is
(a) 5145 N (b) 3675 N (c) 10290 N (d) 7350 N
39. The moment of inertia of a sphere about a tangent to the sphere is.
7 2 2 1
(a) MR 2 (b) MR 2 (c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
5 5 3 2
40. Four point masses each of the mass M are placed at the corners of a squre ABCD of
side L. The moment of inertia of this system about an axis passing through A and
parallel to BD is
2
(a) 3 ML2 (b) ML2 (c) 2 ML2 (d) 3ML
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TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Topic 1: Centre of Mass, Angular Velocity & Acceleration
1. Centre of mass of the earth and the moon system lies
(1) closer to the earth (2) closer to the moon
(3) at the mid-point of line joining the earth and the moon (4) cannot be predicted
2. The centre of mass of two particles lies on the line
(1) joining the particles (2) perpendicular to the line joining the particles
(3) at any angle to this line (4) None of these
3. A mass is revolving in a circle which is in the plane of paper. The direction of angular acceleration is
(1) upward the radius (2) towards the radius (3) tangential (4) at right angle to angular velocity
4. In rotatory motion, linear velocities of all the particles of the body are
(1) same (2) different (3) zero (4) cannot say
5. Two bodies A and B have masses M and m respectively where M > m and they are at a distance d apart. Equal force
is applied to them so that they approach each other. The position where they hit each other is
(1) nearer to B (2) nearer to A (3) at equal distance from A and B (4) cannot be determined
6. A pulley fixed to the ceiling carries a string with blocks of mass m and 3 m attached to its ends. The masses of string
and pulley are negligible. When the system is released, its centre of mass moves with what acceleration?
(1) 0 (2) – g/4 (3) g/2 (4) – g/2
7. The wheel of a car is rotating at the rate of 1200 revolutions per minute. On pressing the accelerator for 10 seconds.
It starts rotating at 4500 revolutions per minute. The angular acceleration of the wheel is
(1) 30 radians/second2 (2) 1880 degree/second2 (3) 40 radians/second2 (4) 1980 degree/second2
8. The centre of mass of triangle shown in figure has coordinates
h b b h b h h b
(1) x = ,y = (2) x = ,y = (3) x = ,y = (4) x = ,y =
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
9. When a ceiling fan is switched off, its angular velocity falls to half while it makes 36 rotations. How many more
rotations will it make before coming to rest?
(1) 24 (2) 36 (3) 18 (4) 12
10. Two identical particles are located at x and y with reference to the origin of three-dimensional co-ordinate
system. The position vector of centre of mass of the system is given by
x+y x−y
(1) x − y (2) (3) ( x − y ) (4)
2 2
11. In a bicycle, the radius of rear wheel is twice the radius of front wheel. It rf and rr are the radii and vf and vr are the
speeds of topmost points of wheels then
(1) vr = 2vf (2) vf = 2vr (3) vf = vr (4) vf = 4vr
12. In carbon monoxide molecule, the carbon and the oxygen atoms are separated by a distance 1.12 × 10–10 m. The
distance of the centre of mass, from the carbon atom is
(1) 0.64 × 10–10 m (2) 0.56 × 10–10 m (3) 0.51 × 10–10 m (4) 0.48 × 10–10 m
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13. A thin rod of length ‘L’ is lying along the x-axis with its ends at x = 0 and x = L. Its linear density (mass/length) varies
n
x
with x as k   , where n can be zero or any positive number. If the position xCM of the centre of mass of the rod is
L
plotted against ‘n’, which of the following graphs best approximates
the dependence of xCM on n?
(1) (2) (3) (4)

14. Two particles A and B, initially at rest, moves towards each other under a mutual force of attraction. At the instant
when the speed of A is v and the speed of B is 2 v, the speed of centre of mass is
(1) 2v (2) v (3) 1.5 v (4) zero
15. A stick is thrown in the air and lands on the ground at some distance from the thrower. The centre of mass of the
stick will move along a parabolic path
(1) in all cases
(2) only if the stick is uniform
(3) only if the stick has linear motion but no rotational motion
(4) only if the stick has a shape such that its centre of mass is located at some point on it and not outside it
16. A small disc of radius 2 cm is cut from a disc of radius 6 cm. If the distance between their centres is 3.2 cm, what is
the shift in the centre of mass of the disc?
(1) 0.4 cm (2) 2.4 cm (3) 1.8 cm (4) 1.2 cm
Topic 2: Torque, Couple and Angular Momentum
17. Rotational analogue of force in linear motion is
(1) weight (2) angular momentum (3) moment of inertia (4) torque
18. A disc is given a linear velocity on a rough horizontal surface then its angular momentum is
(1) conserved about COM only (2) conserved about the point of contact only
(3) conserved about all the points (4) not conserved about any point.
19. A particle of mass m is moving in a plane along a circular path of radius r. Its angular momentum about the axis of
rotation is L. The centripetal force acting on the particle is
(1) L2 /mr (2) L2 m/r (3) L2 /m r3 (4) L2 /m r2
20. A stone of mass m tied to a string of length l is rotating along a circular path with constant speed v. The torque on
the stone is
(1) mlv (2) mv/l (3) mv2/l (4) zero
21. When a mass is rotating in a plane about a fixed point, its angular momentum is directed along the
(1) radius of orbit (2) tangent to the orbit
(3) line parallel to plane of rotation (4) line perpendicular to plane of rotation
22. A particle of mass 0.2 kg is moving in a circle of radius 1 m with f = (2/  ) sec–1, then its angular momentum is :
(1) 0.8 kg-m2/s (2) 2 kg-m2/s (3) 8 kg-m2/s (4) 16 kg-m2/s
23. A man standing on a rotating table is holding two masses at arm’s length. Without moving his arms, he drops the two
masses. His angular speed will
(1) increase (2) decrease (3) become zero (4) remain constant
24. A wheel having moment of inertia 2 kg-m2 about its vertical axis, rotates at the rate of 60 rpm about this axis, The
torque which can stop the wheel’s rotation in one minute would be
 2  
(1) Nm (2) Nm (3) Nm (4) Nm
18 15 12 15
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25. A smooth sphere A is moving on a frictionless horizontal plane with angular speed  and centre of mass velocity v.
It collides elastically and head on with an identical sphere B at rest. Neglect friction everywhere. After the collision,
their angular speeds are A and B , respectively. Then
(1) A  B (2) A = B (3) A =  (4) B = 
26. A particle of mass m is moving in a circle of radius r. The centripetal acceleration (ac) of the particle varies with the
time according to the relation, ac = Kt2, where K is a positive constant and t is the time. The magnitude of the time
rate of change of angular momentum of the particle about the centre of the circle is
2
(1) mKr (2) m2 Kr 3 (3) mKr (4) mKr
27. A particle of mass 2 kg is moving such that at time t, its position, in meter, is given by r ( t ) = 5iˆ − 2t 2 ˆj . The angular
momentum of the particle at t = 2s about the origin in kg m–2 s–1 is :
(1) - 80 k̂ ( )
(2) 10iˆ − 16 ˆj (3) −40kˆ (4) 40kˆ
28. A bullet of mass 10 g and speed 500 m/s is fired into a door and gets embedded exactly at the centre of the door. The
door is 1.0 m wide and weighs 12 kg. It is hinged at one end and rotates about a vertical axis practically without
friction. The angular speed of the door just after the bullet embeds into it will be :
(1) 6.25 rad/sec (2) 0.625 rad/sec (3) 3.35 rad/sec (4) 0.335 rad/sec
29. A stone of mass m, tied to the end of a string, is whirled around in a circle on a horizontal frictionless table. The
length of the string is reduced gradually keeping the angular momentum of the stone about the centre of the circle
constant. Then, the tension in the string is given by T = Arn, where A is a constant, r is the instantaneous radius of the
circle. The value of n is equal to
(1) – 1 (2) – 2 (3) – 4 (4) – 3
30. A flywheel rotates about an axis. Due to friction at the axis, it experiences an angular retardation proportional to its
angular velocity. If its angular velocity falls to half while it makes n rotations, how many more rotations will it make
before coming to rest?
(1) 2n (2) n (3) n/2 (4) n/3
31. A particle of mass m moves in the XY plane with a velocity v along the straight line AB. If the angular momentum
of the particle with respect to origin O is LA when it is at A and LB when it is at B, then
(1) LA = LB (2) LA > LB (3) LA < LB

d) the relationship between LA and LB depends upon the slope of the line AB
32. The angular momentum of a particle relative to a point O varies with time as J = a + bt2, where a and b
are constant vectors, with a perpendicular b . The moment of force (  ) relative to the point O acting on the particle
when the angle between the vectors  and J equal to 45°:
a a a b
(1) (2) 2 (3) 2b (4) 2a
b b b a
Topic 3: Moment of Inertia & Radius of Gyration
33. Of the two eggs which have identical sizes, shapes and weights, one is raw, and other is half boiled. The ratio between
the moment of inertia of the raw to the half boiled egg about central axis is
(1) one (2) greater than one (3) less than one (4) not comparable
34. A billiard ball of mass m and radius r, when hit in a horizontal direction by a cue at a height h above its centre,
acquired a linear velocity v0. The angular velocity 0 acquired by the ball is
76
5v0 r 2 2v0 r 2 2v0 h 5v0 h
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2h 5h 5r 2 2r 2
35. M.I of a circular loop of radius R about the axis in figure is
(1) MR2 (2) (3/4) MR2 (3) MR2/2 (4) 2MR2

36. Consider a uniform square plate of side ‘a’ and mass ‘M’. The moment of inertia of this plate about an axis
perpendicular to its plane and passing through one of its corners is
5 1 7 2
(1) Ma 2 (2) Ma 2 (3) Ma 2 (4) Ma 2
6 12 12 3
37. The angular velocity of a body changes from 1 to 2 without applying a torque but by changing the moment of inertia
about its axis of rotation. The ratio of its corresponding radii of gyration is
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 2 (3) 2 : 1 (4) 2 : 1
38. A circular disc A of radius r is made from an iron plate of thickness t and another circular disc B of radius 4r is made
from an iron plate of thickness t/4. The relation between the moments of inertia IA and IB is
(1) IA > IB (2) IA = IB (3) IA < IB (4) depends on the actual value of t and r
39. If the moment of inertia of a disc about an axis tangential and parallel to its surface be I, then what will be the moment
of inertia about the axis tangential but perpendicular to the surface?
6 3 3 5
(1) I (2) I (3) I (4) I
5 4 2 4
40. A circular turn table has a block of ice placed at its centre. The system rotates with an angular speed  about an axis
passing through the centre of the table. If the ice melts on its own without any evaporation, the speed of rotation of
the system
(1) becomes zero (2) remains constant at the same value 
(3) increases to a value greater than  (4) decreases to a value less than w
41. The moment of inertia of a disc of mass M and radius R about an axis, which is tangential to the circumference of
the disc and parallel to its diameter, is
3 2 5 4
(1) MR2 (2) MR2 (3) MR2 (4) MR2
2 3 4 5
42. Consider a thin uniform square sheet made of a rigid material. If its side is ‘a’ mass m and moment of inertia I about
one of its diagonals, then :
ma 2 ma 2 ma 2 ma 2 ma 2
(1) I  (2) I (3) I = (4) I =
12 24 12 24 12
43. Moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc about a diameter is I. Its moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular
to its plane and passing through a point on its rim will be
(1) 5 I (2) 3 I (3) 6 I (4) 4 I
44. A circular disc X of radius R is made from an iron plate of thickness t, and another disc Y of radius 4R is made from
an iron plate of thickness t/4. Then the relation between the moment of inertia IX and IY is
(1) ΙY = 32 ΙX (2) ΙY = 16 ΙX (3) ΙY = ΙX (4) ΙY = 64 ΙX
45. Point masses 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg are lying at the points (0, 0, 0), (2, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0) and (–2, –2, 0) respectively. The
moment of inertia of this system about X-axis will be
(1) 43 kg m2 (2) 34 kg m2 (3) 27 kg m2 (4) 72 kg m2
46. About which axis moment of inertia in the given triangular lamina is maximum
77
(1) AB (2) BC (3) AC (4) BL

47. Initial angular velocity of a circular disc of mass M is 1 . Then two small spheres of mass m are attached gently to
diametrically opposite points on the edge of the disc. What is the final angular velocity of the disc?
M+m M+m  M   M 
(1)   1 (2)   1 (3)   1 (4)   1
 M   m   M + 4m   M + 2m 
Topic 4: Rotational Kinetic Energy and Rolling Motion
48. A solid sphere, disc and solid cylinder all of the same mass and made of the same material are allowed to roll down
(from rest) on an inclined plane, then
(1) solid sphere reaches the bottom first (2) solid sphere reaches the bottom last
(3) disc will reach the bottom first (4) all reach the bottom at the same time
49. A rod PQ of length L revolves in a horizontal plane about the axis YY´. The angular velocity of the rod is  . If A is
the area of cross-section of the rod and  be its density, its rotational kinetic energy is
1 1 3 2 1 1
(1) AL  AL  AL32 AL32
3 2
(2) (3) (4)
3 2 24 18
50. A hoop of radius r and mass m rotating with an angular velocity 0 is placed on a rough horizontal surface. The initial
velocity of the centre of the hoop is zero. What will be the velocity of the centre of the hoop when it ceases to slip?
r0 r0 r0
(1) (2) (3) (4) r0
4 3 2
51. A ball rolls without slipping. The radius of gyration of the ball about an axis passing through its centre of mass is K.
If radius of the ball be R, then the fraction of total energy associated with its rotational energy will be
K2 K2 R2 K2 + R 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
R2 K2 + R 2 K2 + R 2 R2
52. A solid sphere of mass 2 kg rolls on a smooth horizontal surface at 10 m/s. It then rolls up a smooth inclined plane
of inclination 30° with the horizontal. The height attained by the sphere before it stops is
(1) 700 cm (2) 701 cm (3) 7.1 m (4) None of these
53. A sphere rolls down on an inclined plane of inclination  . What is the acceleration as the sphere reaches the bottom?
5 3 2 2
(1) g sin  (2) g sin  (3) g sin  (4) g sin 
7 5 7 5
54. A wheel is rolling straight on ground without slipping. If the axis of the wheel has speed v, the instantenous velocity
of a point P on the rim, defined by angle  , relative to the ground will be
1  1 
(1) v cos    (2) 2v cos    (3) v (1 + sin ) (4) v (1 + cos )
2  2 
78
55. A body having moment of inertia about its axis of rotation equal to 3 kg-m2 is rotating with angular velocity equal to
3 rad/s. Kinetic energy of this rotating body is the same as that of a body of mass 27 kg moving with a speed of
(1) 1.0 m/s (2) 0.5 m/s (3) 1.5 m/s (4) 2.0 m/s
57. A solid sphere is rolling on a surface as shown in figure, with a translational velocity v ms–1. If it is to climb the
inclined surface continuing to roll without slipping, then minimum velocity for this to happen is
7 7 10
(1) 2gh (2) gh (3) gh (4) gh
5 2 7
58. The moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is 1.2 kg m2. Initially, the body is at rest. In order to produce a
rotational kinetic energy of 1500 joule, an angular acceleration of 25 radian/sec2 must be applied about that axis for
a duration of
(1) 4 seconds (2) 2 seconds (3) 8 seconds (4) 10 seconds
59. A uniform solid cylindrical roller of mass ‘m’ is being pulled on a horizontal surface with force F parallel to the
surface and applied at its centre. If the acceleration of the cylinder is ‘a’ and it is rolling without slipping then the
value of ‘F’ is:
5 3
(1) ma (2) ma (3) ma (4) 2ma
3 2
60. A body rolls down an inclined plane. If its K.E. of rotational motion is 40% of its K.E. of translational, then the body
is a
(1) cylinder (2) ring (3) solid disc (4) solid sphere
NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

1. Three objects, A : (a solid sphere), B : (a thin circular disk) and C : (a circular ring), each have the same mass M and
radius R. They all spin with the same angular speed  about their own symmetry axes. The amounts of work (W)
required to bring them to rest, would satisfy the relation [2018]
(1) WC > WB > WA (2) WA > WB > WC (3) WA > WC > WB (4) WB > WA > WC
2. A solid sphere is in rolling motion. In rolling motion a body possesses translational kinetic energy (Kt) as well as
rotational kinetic energy (Kr) simultaneously. The ratio Kt : (Kt + Kr) for the sphere is [2018]
(1) 7 : 10 (2) 5 : 7 (3) 2 : 5 (4) 10 : 7
3. A rope is wound around a hollow cylinder of mass 3 kg and radius 40 cm. What is the angular acceleration of the
cylinder if the rope is pulled with a force of 30 N ? [2017]
2 2 2 2
(1) 0.25 rad/s (2) 25 rad/s (3) 5 m/s (4) 25 m/s
4. Two discs of same moment of inertia rotating about their regular axis passing through centre and perpendicular to
the plane of disc with angular velocities 1 and 2 . They are brought into contact face to face coinciding the axis of
rotation. The expression for loss of energy during this process is:- [2017]
1 1 1
I ( 1 − 2 ) (2) I ( 1 − 2 ) ( 1 − 2 ) ( 1 + 2 )
2 2 2 2
(1) (3) (4)
4 8 2
5. Which of the following statements are correct? [2017]
(1) Centre of mass of a body always coincides with the centre of gravity of the body
(2) Centre of mass of a body is the point at which the total gravitational torque on the body is zero
(3) A couple on a body produce both translational and rotation motion in a body
79
(4) Mechanical advantage greater than one means that small effort can be used to lift a large load
(1) (1) and (2) (2) (2) and (3) (3) (3) and (4) (4) (2) and (4)
6. From a disc of radius R and mass M, a circular hole of diameter R, whose rim passes through the centre is cut. What
is the moment of inertia of the remaining part of the disc about a perpendicular axis, passing through the centre?
[2016]
(1) 15 MR2/32 (2) 13 MR2/32 (3) 11 MR2/32 (4) 9 MR2/32
7. A uniform circular disc of radius 50 cm at rest is free to turn about an axis which is perpendicular to its plane and
passes through its centre. It is subjected to a torque which produces a constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad s–2. Its
net acceleration in ms–2 at the end of 2.0s is approximately: [2016]
(1) 8.0 (2) 7.0 (3) 6.0 (4) 3.0
8. A disk and a sphere of same radius but different masses roll off on two inclined planes of the same altitude and length.
Which one of the two objects gets to the bottom of the plane first ? [2016]
(1) Disk (2) Sphere
(3) Both reach at the same time (4) Depends on their masses
9. A mass m moves in a circle on a smooth horizontal plane with velocity v0 at a radius R0. The mass is attached to
string which passes through a smooth hole in the plane as shown.
R0
The tension in the string is increased gradually and finally m moves in a circle of radius . The final value of the
2
kinetic energy is [2015]
1 1
(1) mv 02 (2) 2mv 02 (3) mv 02 (4) mv 02
4 2
10. A rod of weight W is supported by two parallel knife edges A and B and is in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
The knives are at a distance d from each other. The centre of mass of the rod is at distance x from A. The normal
reaction on A is [2015]
Wd W (d − x ) W (d − x ) Wx
(1) (2) (3) (4)
x x d d
11. Three identical spherical shells, each of mass m and radius r are placed as shown in figure. Consider an axis XX'
which is touching to two shells and passing through diameter of third shell. Moment of inertia of the system consisting
of these three spherical shells about XX' axis is [2015]
16 2 11 2
(1) 3mr2 (2) mr (3) 4mr2 (4) mr
5 5
12. An automobile moves on a road with a speed of 54 km h-1.The radius of its wheels is 0.45 m and the moment of
inertia of the wheel about its axis of rotation is 3 kg m2. If the vehicle is brought to rest in 15s, the magnitude of
average torque transmitted by its brakes to the wheel is : [2015]
2 -2 2 -2 2 -2 2 -2
(1) 8.58 kg m s (2) 10.86 kg m s (3) 2.86 kg m s (4) 6.66 kg m s
13. Point masses m1 and m2 are placed at the opposite ends of a rigid rod of length L, and negligible mass. The rod is to
be set rotating about an axis perpendicular to it. The position of point P on this rod through which the axis should
pass so that the work required to set the rod rotating with angular velocity 0 is minimum, is given by [2015]
80
m1 m2 m2L m1L
(1) x = L (2) x = L (3) x = (4) x =
m2 m1 m1 + m 2 m1 + m 2
14. A force F =  î + 3jˆ + 6kˆ is acting at a point r = 2iˆ − 6ˆj − 12kˆ . The value of  for which angular momentum about
origin is conserved is : [2015]
(1) 2 (2) zero (3) 1 (4) –1
15. A solid cylinder of mass 50 kg and radius 0.5 m is free to rotate about the horizontal axis. A massless string is wound
round the cylinder with one end attached to it and other hanging freely. Tension in the string required to produce an
angular acceleration of 2 revolutions s–2 is : [2014]
(1) 25 N (2) 50 N (3) 78.5 N (4) 157 N
16. The ratio of the accelerations for a solid sphere (mass ‘m’ and radius ‘R’) rolling down an incline of angle ‘  ’
without slipping and slipping down the incline without rolling is : [2014]
(1) 5 : 7 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 2 : 5 (4) 7 : 5
17. A disc of radius 2m and mass 100 kg rolls on a horizontal floor. Its centre of mass has speed of 20 cm/s.
How much work is needed to stop it ? [NEET-2019]
(1) 3J (2) 30 kJ (3) 2 J (4) 1 J
18. A solid cylinder of mass 2 kg and radius 4 cm is rotating about its axis at the rate of 3 rpm. The torque
required to stop after 2p revolutions is : [NEET-2019]
–6 –3 –4 6
(1) 2 × 10 N m (2) 2 × 10 N m (3) 12 × 10 N m (4) 2 × 10 N m
19. Two particles A and B are moving in uniform circular motion in concentric circles of radius rA and rB
with speed v A and vB respectively. The time period of rotation is the same. The ratio of angular speed of
A to that of B will be : [NEET-2019]
(1) rA : rB (2) vA : vB (3) rB : rA (4) 1 : 1
20. A solid cylinder of mass 2 kg and radius 50 cm rolls up an inclined plane of angle inclination 30°. The
centre of mass of cylinder has speed of 4 m/s. The distance travelled by the cylinder on the incline surface
will be : (Take g = 10 m/s2) [NEET – 2019 (ODISSA)]
(1) 2.2 m (2) 1.6 m (3) 1.2 m (4) 2.4 m
21. The angular speed of the wheel of a vehicle is increased from 360 rpm to 1200 rpm in 14 second.
Its angular acceleration is NEET-2020(COVID-19)
(1) 2  rad/s 2
(2) 28  rad/s 2
(3) 120  rad/s (4) 1 rad/s
2 2
22. Three identical spheres, each of mass M, are placed at the corners of a right angle triangle with mutually
perpendicular sides equal to 2 m (see figure). Taking the point of intersection of the two mutually
perpendicular sides as the origin, find the position vector of centre of mass. NEET-2020(COVID-19)
( )
(1) 2 î + ˆj ( )
(2) î + ˆj (3)
3
( )
2 ˆ ˆ
i+ j (4)
3
( )
4 ˆ ˆ
i+ j
81
23. Find the torque about the origin when a force of 3 ˆj N acts on a particle whose position vector is 2kˆ m.
[NEET-2020]
1) 6kˆ Nm 2) 6iˆ Nm 3) 6 ˆj Nm 4) −6iˆ Nm
24. A uniform rod of length 200 cm and mass 500 g is balanced on a wedge placed at 40 cm mark. A mass of
2 kg is suspended from the rod at 20 cm and another unknown mass ‘m’ is suspended from the rod at 160
cm mark as shown in the figure . Find the value of ‘m’ such that the rod is in equilibrium. ( g = 10 m / s 2 )
[NEET-2021]
1 1 1 1
1. kg 2. kg 3. kg 4. kg
3 6 12 2
25. From a circular ring of mass ‘M’ and radius ‘R’ an arc corresponding to a 90 0 sector is removed. The moment of
inertial of the remaining part of the erring about an axis passing through the centre of the ring and perpendicular to
the plane of the ring is ‘K’ times ‘MR2. Then the value of ‘K’ is [NEET-2021]
7 1 1 3
1) 2) 3) 4)
8 4 8 4
26. Two objects of mass 10 kg and 20 kg respectively are connected to the two ends of a rigid rod of length
10 m with negligible mass. The distance of the center of mass of the system from the 10 kg mass is
10 20
1) m 2) m 3) 10 m 4) 5 m [NEET-2022]
3 3
27. The ratio of the radius of gyration of a thin uniform disc about an axis passing through its centre and
normal to its plane to the radius of gyration of the disc about its diameter is [NEET-2022]
1) 2 : 1 2) 2 :1 3) 4 : 1 4) 1: 2
28. A shell of mass m is at rest initially. It explodes into three fragments having mass in the ratio 2 : 2 : 1. If
the fragments having equal mass fly off along mutually perpendicular directions with speed  , the speed
of the third (lighter) fragment is: [NEET-2022]
1)  2) 2 3) 2 2 4) 3 2
82
NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS – ANSWERS
1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (4) 4. (4) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (2) 8. (4) 9. (1) 10. (3)
11. (4) 12. (2) 13. (1) 14. (1) 15. (1) 16. (3) 17. (3) 18. (2) 19. (3) 20. (3)
NCERT BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS - ANSWERS
1) b 2) c 3) a 4) d 5) b 6) a 7) d 8) c 9) a 10) c
11) b 12) a 13) c 14) a 15) a 16) b 17) b 18) b 19) c 20) b
21) c 22) a 23) b 24) c 25) c 26) c 27) a 28) c 29) a 30) c
31) c 32) c 33) b 34) c 35) b 36) b 37) c 38) b 39) a 40) a
TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - ANSWERS
1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 2 5) 2 6) 3 7) 4 8) 3 9) 4 10) 2
11) 3 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4 15) 1 16) 1 17) 4 18) 2 19) 3 20) 2
21) 4 22) 1 23) 1 24) 4 25) 3 26) 2 27) 1 28) 2 29) 4 30) 2
31) 1 32) 3 33) 2 34) 4 35) 2 36) 4 37) 4 38) 3 39) 2 40) 4
41) 3 42) 2 43) 3 44) 4 45) 1 46) 2 47) 3 48) 1 49) 3 50) 3
51) 2 52) 3 53) 1 54) 3 55) 2 56) 1 57) 4 58) 2 59) 3 60) 4
NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-ANSWERS

1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 1 5) 4 6) 2 7) 1 8) 2 9) 2 10) 3
11) 3 12) 4 13) 3 14) 4 15) 4 16) 1 17) 1 18) 1 19) 4 20) 4
21) 1 22) 3 23) 4 24) 3 25) 4 26) 2 27) 2 28) 3
TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - SOLUTIONS

1. (1) Centre of mass of the system lies closer to the earth.
2. (1) The centre of mass of two particles lies always on the line joining the two particles.
3. (1) upward the radius
4. (2) From v = r  , linear velocities (v) for particles at different distances (r) from the axis of rotation are different.
5. (2) As net external force on the system is zero therefore position of their centre of mass remains unaffected i.e. they
will hit each other at the point of centre of mass. The centre of mass of the system lies nearer to A because MA > MB.
6. (3) When the system is released, heavier mass move downward and the lighter one upward. Thus, centre of mass will
move towards the heavier mass with acceleration
 3m − m  g
a = g =
 3m + m  2
 4500 − 1200 
2  
2  ( n 2 − n1 )
=   rad / s 2
60
7. (4)  =
t 10
3300
2
= 60  360 deg ree  = 1980 deg ree / s 2
10 2 s 2
83
8. (3) We can assume that three particles of equal mass m are placed at the corners of triangle
b h
i.e. coordinates of centre of mass is  , 
3 3
9. (4) 1st case:
We can write the equation of motion for circular motion as:
 2 = 02 + 2a n
0
Now,  = , = 36  2 (given)
2
02
So, = 02 + 2  36  2
4
−302
So,  =
4 144
2nd case:
02 302
0= − 2 
4 4 144
So,  = 24
24
So, number of rotations made by the fan before coming to rest = = 12
2
m1 r1 + m2 r2 m ( x + y ) x + y
10. (2) r = = =
m1 + m 2 2m 2
11. (3) The velocity of top point of the wheel is twice that of centre of mass. And the speed of centre of mass
is same for both the wheels.
12. (1)
From definition of centre of mass

16 1.12 10−10 + 12  0
d= = 0.64 10−10 m
16 + 12
2
x
13. (1) p = K   for n=0, p= constant ⇒XCM=L/2
L
for n → , XCM → L
14. (4) Force FA on particle A is given by

mA v
FA = m A a A = -------------(1)
t
m  2v
Similarly FB = m Ba B = B ------(2)
t
84
m A v m B  2v
Now = ( FA = FB )
t t
So m A = 2m B
For the centre of mass of the system
mA vA + mB vB 2m B v − m B  2v
v= or v = =0
mA + mB 2m B + m B
Negative sign is used because the particles are travelling in opposite directions.
15. (1) We may consider the entire mass of the stick to be concentrated as a point mass at the centre of mass of the stick.
The centre of mass moves as a projectile, it will move along a parabolic path.
16. (1) σ = mass per unit area
Mass of complete 6cm radius
Disk = σ(π(6)2)
Mass of small disk= σ(π(2)2).
Centers are O and C.
Shift in com = =
( )
−  ( 2 )  3.2
2
=
4 3.2 3.2
= = 0.4cm
 (  ( 6) ) −  (  ( 2) ) 32
2 2
8
17. (4) Force in linear motion corresponds to torque in rotational motion.
18. (2) conserved about the point of contact only
19. (3) L = m v r or v = L /mr
mv2 m ( L / mr )
2
L2
Centripetal force = = 3
r r mr
20. (2) Conceptual
21. (4) As angular momentum, L = r  p , therefore, direction of L is along a line perpendicular to the plane of rotation.
(1) L = mvr = mr = m ( 2f ) r
2 2
22.
2
= 0.2  2  (1) = 0.2  4 = 0.8kg − m 2 / s
2

23. (1) As external = 0  L = Iw = constant
Now dropping the masses will decrease Moment of inertia (I) of the system thus
increasing his angular velocity(w).
24. (4)  t = L0  sin ce Lf = 0
 t = I
  60 
or  60 = 2  2  60 / 60  f = 60rpm  = N − m  = 2f = 2 
 15 60 
25. (3) Since the spheres are smooth, there will be no transfer of angular momentum from the sphere A to sphere B. The
sphere A only transfers its linear velocity v to the sphere B and will continue to rotate with the same angular speed
.
26. (2) v = Kr.t
dL
L = mvr = m Kr 3 t  = m Kr 3
dt
27. (1) Angular momentum L = m ( v  r )
 dr 
(
= 2kg   r  = 2kg 4tjˆ  5iˆ − 2t 2ˆj
 dt 
)
( )
= 2kg −20tkˆ = 2kg  −20  2m−2s −1kˆ = −80kˆ
28. (2) Angular momentum imparted by bullet on the door= mvr
= (10 10−3 )  500  0.5 kgm 2 / s
85
Moment of inertia of the door,
1
I = ML2 / 3 = 12 12 = 4 kgm 2
3
Angular momentum of the system after the bullet gets embedded ≈ Iω
From conservation of angular momentum about the rotation axis,
mvr = Iω  ω=0.625rad/s
29. (4) Angular momentum is constant
const
 mr 2  = cons t   =
mr 2
2
 const 
T = m r = m 
2
2 
r = ( const ) r −3
 mr 
thus, n = −3
30. (2)  is proportional to 
Let  = k ( k is a constant)
d  d d 
= k  also =   dt = 
dt  dt 
 /2
 d

d
= k  d = kd Now  d = k  d


 
0
 d = k  d  − 2 = k  − 2 = k (
/2 0
1 1 = 2n )
 = 1 or 2n1 = 2n  n1 = n
31. (1) Angular momentum = linear momentum × distance of line of action of linear momentum
about the origin.
LA = PA × d and LB = PB × d
As linear momenta are equal, therefore, LA = LB.
32. (3)  =
dJ d ˆ
=
dt dt
( )
ai + bt 2ˆj = 2btjˆ
33. (2) A raw egg behaves like a spherical shell and a half boiled egg behaves like a solid sphere
Ir 2 / 3mr 2 5
 = = 1
Is 2 / 5mr 2 3
34. (4) When the ball is hit by a cue, the linear impulse imparted to the ball = change in momentum = mv0
Angular momentum = Moment of momentum
I0 = ( mv0 ) h
86
2 2 5v h
mr 0 = mv 0 h or 0 = 02
5 2r
35. (2) Use theorem of parallel axes.
Ma 2
M ( a2 + a2 ) =
1
36. (4) I nn| =
12 6
DB 2a a
Also, DO = = =
2 2 2
According to parallel axis theorem

2
 a 
I mm| = I nn| + M  
 2
2 2
Ma Ma 2
= + = Ma 2
6 2 3
37. (4) The magnitude of angular momentum of a strong body is given by:
If no torque acts, the angular momentum is conserved, i.e., I =constant
 I11 = I22
K1 and K2 are the corresponding radii of gyration, then
I1 = MK12 , I 2 = MK 22
or, I11 = I22
or, MK12 1 = MK 22 2
K1 2
=
K2 1
or K1 : K 2 = 2 : 1
mr 2
38. (3) Since moment of inertia I = , where m is the mass of body & r is distance of it from the fixed axis.
2
mass = density × volume {  = density}
39. (2) The moment of inertia of the disc about an axis parallel to its plane is
87
1 5
I t = Id + MR 2  I = MR 2 + MR 2 = MR 2
4 4
4I
or MR =
2
5
Now, moment of inertia about a tangent perpendicular to its plane is
3 3 4 6
I| = MR 2 =  I = I
2 2 5 5
40. (4) Melting of ice produces water which will spread over larger distance away from the axis of rotation. This increases
the moment of inertia so angular velocity decreases
41. (3) Moment of inertia of disc about its diameter is
1
Id = MR 2
4
MI of disc about a tangent passing through rim and in the plane of disc is
1 5
I = IG + MR 2 = MR 2 + MR 2 = MR 2
4 4
42. (4) For a thin uniform square sheet
ma 2
I1 = I2 = I3 =
12
43. (3) M.I. of uniform circular disc about diameter = I, According to the theorem of perpendicular axes. M.I. of
 1 2
disc about its axis 2Ι  = mr 
 2 
Applying theorem of || axes
M.I. of disc about the given axis = 2 I + m r2 = 2 I + 4I = 6 I
1
44. (4) I = mR 2 M  t  R2
2
( m )( R ) = ( r 2 t ) ( R )
1 1
For disc X, I X =
2 2
2 2
1
For disc Y, I Y =   ( 4R ) .t / 4   4R 
2 2
2  
IX 1
 =  I Y = 64I X
I Y ( 4 )3
45. (1) Moment of inertia of the whole system about the axis of rotation will be equal to the sum of the moments of
inertia of all the particles.
 I = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
= 0 + 0 + 27 + 16 = 43 kg m2
46. 
(2) MOI is mi ri2 . About BC masses are spread far away than any other axis.
88
47. (3) L1 = L2 ; I11 = I22
MR 2  MR 2 
1 =  + mR 2 + mR 2  2
2  2 
M
1 =
( M + 4m ) 
2
2 2
 M 
2 =   1
 M + 4m 
K2 2
48. (1) For solid sphere 2 =
R 5
K2 1
For disc & solid cylinder 2 =
R 2
g sin 
Since acceleration of a body, which is rolling on an inclined plane at angle q with horizontal is a =
1+ K2 / R 2
....................(i)
It is clear from eq.(i) that
asolid sphere > adisc = asolid cylinder
hence solid sphere take least time in reaching the bottom of the inclined plane.
49. (3) If rotation axis is passing through its middle point & is ⊥ to its plane, then moment of inertia about
ML2
YY' is I =
12
where M = volume × density = (L×A)× 

L3 A 1 L3A2
so I = so rotational K.E. = I2 =
12 2 24
50. (3) From conservation of angular momentum about any fix point on the surface,
mr 2 0 = 2mr 2 
0 r
  = 0 / 2  v =
2
 v = r
1  K2 
mv 2  2  2
51. (2)
Rotational K.E
=
2 R  = K
Total K.E 1  K2  K2 + R 2
mv 2 1 + 2 
2  R 
52. (3) If a body rolls on a horizontal surface, it possesses both translational and rotational kinetic energies. The net
kinetic energy is given by
1 2 K2 
K net = mv 1 + 2  where K is the radius of gyration.
2  R 
So from law of conservation of energy
89
1  K2 
mv2 1 + 2  = mgh
2  R 
where h is the height attained by the sphere.
1 2 2
i.e.,  2  (10 ) 1 +  = 2  9.8  h
2  5
700
or h = = 7.1m
98
53. (1) Velocity of a body rolling down an inclined plane is given by
g sin 
a=
K2
1+ 2
R
In case of a solid sphere, we have
K 2 ( I / M ) I ( 2 / 5) MR 2 2
= = = =
R2 R2 MR 2 MR 2 5
2
K 2
Substituting 2 = , we get
R 5
5
a = g sin 
7
F mg sin 
54. (3)  = = = tan 
R mg cos 
55. (2) v R = v 2 + v 2 + 2v 2 cos 

= 2v2 (1 + cos  ) = 2v cos
2
1 2 1
(1) E r = I =  3  ( 3) = 13.5J
3
56.
2 2
1 1
K.E. = mv 2 =  27  v 2 = 13.5  v = 1m / s
2 2
57. (4) Minimum velocity for a body rolling without slipping
2gh
v=
K2
1+ 2
R
K2 2
=
For solid sphere
R2 5
2gh 10
v = 2
= gh
K 7
1+ 2
R
58. (2) I = 1.2 kg m2, Er = 1500 J,
 = 25 rad /sec2, 1 = 0, t =?
1 2
As E r = I
2
2E r 2 1500
= = = 50 rad / sec
I 1.2
From  = 1 + t, 50 = 0 + 25t,  t = 2 sec
59. (3) From figure,
90
ma = F − f ---------------(i)
And, torque  = I
mR 2
 = fR
2
mR 2 a  a
= fR   = 
2 R  R
ma
= f -----------(ii)
2
Put this value in equation (i),
ma 3ma
ma = F − or F =
2 2
K.E.of rotation 40 2
60. (4) = =
K.E.of translation 100 5
1 2
I
2 1/ 2I2 2 2
i.e., = = or I = mr 2
1 2 1/ 2m r  2 2
5 5
mv
2
Hence the body is a solid sphere.
NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-EXPLANATIONS

1. (1) Work done required to bring them rest
 W =  KE (work-energy theorem)
1 2 1 
W = I   kErot = I  2 
2  2 
or W  I (for same  )
2
I solid sphere = MR 2
2
1
I Disk = MR 2 ; I Ring = MR 2
2
WC  WB  WA
2. (2) In rolling motion, rotational kinetic energy.
1 2
Kt = mv
2
1 2 1 2
and K t + K r = mv + l
2 2
2
1 12  v  7
= mv 2 +  mr 2   = mv 2
2 25  r  10
91
1 2
Kt mv
2 5
 = =
Kt + K r 7
mv 2 7
10
3. (2) I = MR ;  = FR;  = l
2
FR = MR 2 d
F 30
= = = 25 rad / s 2
MR 3  0.4
4. (1) Here, I 1 + I 2 = 2 I 
 + 2
 = 1
2
1 2 1 2
( K .E.)i = I 1 + I 2
2 2
 1 + 2 
2
1
( K .E.) f = 2 I  = I 
2

2  2 
1
Loss in K.E. = ( K .E ) f − ( K .E )i = I (1 − 2 )
2
4
5. (4) Centre of mass may or may not coincide with centre of gravity. Net torque of gravitational pull is zero about

centre of mass  g =  i = 
ri  mig = 0
Load
Mechanical advantage , M . A =
Effort
If M.A. > 1  Load > Effort
6. (2) Moment of inertia of complete disc about point 'O'.
MR 2
ITotal disc =
2
Mass of removed disc
M
M Re moved = (Mass  area)
4
Moment of inertia of removed disc about point 'O'.

IRemoved (about same perpendicular axis) = Icm + mx2
M ( R / 2) M
2 2
 R  3MR
2
= +   =
4 2 4 2 32
Therefore the moment of inertia of the remaining part of the disc about a perpendicular axis passing through the
centre,
IRemaing disc = ITotal – IRemoved
MR 2 3 13
= − MR 2 = MR 2
2 32 32
7. (1) Given: Radius of disc, R = 50 cm
angular acceleration a = 2.0 rad s–2; time t = 2s Particle at periphery (assume) will have both radial (one) and tangential
acceleration
at = R  = 0.5 × 2 = 1 m/s2
From equation,
92
 = 0 +  t
 = 0 + 2  2 = 4 rad/sec
ac =  R = (4)2 × 0.5 = 16 × 0.5 = 8m/s2
2
Net acceleration,
atotal = at2 + ac2 = 12 + 82  8m / s 2
K2
8. (2) Time of descent 
R2
K2
Order of value of
R2
K2 1
for disc; 2 = = 0.5
R 2
2
K 2
for sphere; 2 = = 0.4
R 5
(sphere) < (disc)
 Sphere reaches first
9. (2) Applying angular momentum conservation
R 
mV0 R0 = ( m ) (V 1 )  0  ;  v| = 2V0
 2 
1
Therefore, new KE = m ( 2V0 ) = 2mv0
2 2
2
10. (3) By torque balancing about B
NA (d ) = W (d − x)
W (d − x)
NA =
d
11. (3) Moment of inertia of shell 1 along diameter

2
I diameter = MR 2
3
Moment of inertia of shell 2 = m. i of shell 3
2 5
= I tan gential = MR 2 + MR 2 = MR 2
3 3
So, I of the system along x x1
= Idiameter + (Itangential) × 2
2 5 
or I total = MR 2 +  MR 2   2
3 3 
12
= MR 2 = 4MR 2
3
93
12. (4) Given : Speed V = 54 kmh–1 = 15 ms–1
Moment of inertia, I = 3 kgm2
Time t = 15s
V 15 100
i = = = , f = 0
r 0.45 3
 f = i +  t
100 100
0= + ( − )(15 )   =
3 45
Average torque transmitted by brakes to the wheel
100
 = ( I )( ) = 3  = 6.66 kgm2 s −2
45
13. (3) Work required to set the rod rotating with angular
velocity 0
1 2
K .E = I
2
Work is minimum when I is minimum.
I is minimum about the centre of mass
So, (m1) (x) = (m2) (L – x)
or, m1x = m2L – m2x
m2 L
x =
m1 + m2
14. (4) From Newton's second law for rotational motion,
dL
 = , if L = constant then  = 0
dt
So,  = r  F = 0
( )( )
2iˆ − 6 ˆj − 12kˆ   iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ = 0
Solving we get  = –1
15. (4) Here a = 2 revolutions/s2 = 4  rad/s2 (given)

1 1 25
MR 2 = ( 50 )( 0.5 ) =
I cylinder = Kg − m 2
2
2 2 4
As  = I so TR = I
 25 
I  4 
( 4 )
T = = N = 50 N = 157n
R ( 0.5)
16. (1) For solid sphere rolling without slipping on inclined plane, acceleration
g sin 
a1 =
K2
1+ 2
R
For solid sphere slipping on inclined plane without rolling, acceleration a 2 = g sin 
a1
Therefore required ratio =
a2
1 1 5
= 2
= =
K 2 7
1+ 2 1+
R 5
17. Wall = DKE
94
18.
19. TA = TB
20.
1  K2 
mv2 1 + 2  = mgh
2  R 
 1
 8 1 +  = 10h
 2
h = 1.2m
h
= sin 300 ; l = 2.4cm
l
360
21. 0 = rps = 12  rad s −1
60
1200
= rps = 40  rad s −1
60
 − 0
By using  = 0 + t we have  =
t
28
= = 2 rad s −2
14
22.
95
23. F = 3 ˆjN , r = 3kˆ

(
 = r  F = 2kˆ  3 ˆj = 6 kˆ  ˆj )
( )
= 6 −iˆ
ˆ −m
 = −6iN
24.
2  20 = 0.5  60 + mx120
40 − 30 = mx120
10 = mx120
1
m=
12
Given that,
25.
Mass of Ring = M; Radius of Ring = R
Now 90° arc is removed from circular ring, then mass removed =M/4
m1 d 2 10 − d1
26 = =
m2 d1 d1
10 10 − d1
=
20 d1
96
10d1 = 200 − 20d1
10
d1 =
3
1
27. Co MK12 = MR 2
2
1
MK 22 = MR 2
4
K1 1
=
K2 2
28.: 1 P3 = − P1 + ( − P2 )
mV1 = −2mViˆ − 2mVjˆ
 V1 = 2 2V
97

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Physics Smart Booklet

Physics Smart Booklet

System of Particles and

Relations connecting linear and angular variables:

The SI unit of moment of inertia is kg.m2 Axis of rotation.

where s → mass density of the material

Expression for Radius of

11. The centre of mass of a system of particles does not depend on

24. Rotational motion can be

NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS

(1) 6kgm2s–1 (2) 9 kgm2s–1 (3) 18kgm2s–1 (4) 9 3 kgm2s–1

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) LA = LB (2) LA > LB (3) LA < LB

(1) MR2 (2) (3/4) MR2 (3) MR2/2 (4) 2MR2

(1) AB (2) BC (3) AC (4) BL

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-ANSWERS

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - SOLUTIONS

From definition of centre of mass

14. (4) Force FA on particle A is given by

As linear momenta are equal, therefore, LA = LB.

According to parallel axis theorem

where M = volume × density = (L×A)× 

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-EXPLANATIONS

Moment of inertia of removed disc about point 'O'.

11. (3) Moment of inertia of shell 1 along diameter

15. (4) Here a = 2 revolutions/s2 = 4  rad/s2 (given)

23. F = 3 ˆjN , r = 3kˆ

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