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Lecture 1-1

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8 views

Lecture 1-1

Uploaded by

Abdullah G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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22-Feb-23

SES-703

Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition

• In order to understand fertility, we need to first have a basic


understand of the function of soil….

• What does the term “Soil” mean???

• What does “Support” mean?

• What does “soil fertility” mean?

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22-Feb-23

What is Plant Nutrition ?


Plant nutrition is a term that explains interrelationships of
essential mineral elements in the soil or soilless solution
as well as their role in plant growth.

What are Plants Made of?

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Total 118 known elements


(2011)

Elements Found in Plants

• At least 50 chemical elements.

• There are 17 chemical essential elements for all


plants.

• Some more are beneficial for some plants.

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Essential element/Plant nutrient


• Arnon and Stout (1939)
• it is impossible for the plant to complete its life cycle without that
element
• a deficiency can only be solved by supplying that element, and
• the element is directly involved in the nutrition of the plant (and not in
solving an environmental circumstance)
• Epstein and Bloom (2005)
• The element is a part of molecule that is an intrinsic component of the
structure or metabolism of the plant
• the plant can be so severely deprived of the element that exhibits
abnormalities in its growth, development, or production in comparison
with plants not so deprived

Criteria of essentiality
An element should meet following three criteria to be
termed as an essential nutrient:

1. Plant is unable to complete vegetative or reproductive


stage of its life without that element

2. The need of such a nutrient is specific and its deficiency


symptoms can be corrected by supplying only the same
nutrient

3. The nutrient plays a direct role in plants active


(metabolic) processes and meets its nutritional needs

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(1% = 10,000 ppm)

Havlin et al.,2005, p. 12

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Beneficial elements

Non-essential elements which


compensate for the toxic effects of
other elements or which simply replace
mineral nutrients in some of their less
specific functions (e.g. osmoregulation,
Wakeel et al., 2010; Subbarao et al.,
2003)

Si Na
Co
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(a) (b)

Figure 2.5. Typical dose-response curves for (a) essential elements (macronutrients & micronutrients)
and (b) non-essential elements. (Alloway,1995, p. 31)

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Nutrient Levels in Plants


• Terms used to describe nutrient levels in plants:
• Deficient – when the concentration of an essential element is low
enough to severely limit yield
• Critical range – nutrient concentration in plant below which a yield
response occurs when the essential nutrient is added
• Sufficient (optimal) – nutrient concentration range when the yield will
not increase when more of the essential nutrient is added, but plant
tissue concentration can increase
• Excessive (toxic) – when the concentration of an essential, or non-
essential, element is high enough to reduce plant growth and yield

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Steenberg effect
• Rapid increase in growth with added nutrient can cause a small
decrease in nutrient concentration due to dilution effect. This is
called the Steenberg effect

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• In the 19th century, the German scientist Justus von Liebig formulated
the “Law of the Minimum,” which states that if one of the essential
plant nutrients is deficient, plant growth will be poor even when all
other essential nutrients are abundant.

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Growth is dictated not by total resources available, but by the


scarcest resource (limiting factor).

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