Module 7 Tutorial

Technology Transfer
Technology transfer is a collaborative process that allows scientific findings, knowledge and
intellectual property to flow from creators, such as universities and research institutions, to
public and private users. Its goal is to transform inventions and scientific outcomes into new
products and services that benefit society. Technology transfer is closely related to
knowledge transfer.
Also known as transfer of technology (ToT), technology transfer can take place between
universities, businesses and governments, either formally or informally, to share skills,
knowledge, technologies, manufacturing methods, and more.
Tech transfer is promoted at conferences organized by groups like the Association of

University Technology Managers, so that investors can assess the prospect of
commercialisation for a groundbreaking new product or service.
The two main methods of technology transfer are vertical and horizontal:
Vertical technology transfer
Involves the exchange of knowledge, skills, or technologies between entities at different

stages of the supply chain or production. For example, a research institution might
transfer technology to a commercial manufacturing company.
Horizontal technology transfer
Involves the sharing of knowledge, skills, or technologies between entities at similar or

the same stages of the supply chain or production. For example, competing companies in
the same industry might share best practices or technological advancements
What are the Three Phases of Technology Transfer?
Technology transfer activities can be broadly split into three phases; preparation, installation
and utilization. These three phases are, in turn, affected by technological, organizational and
environmental factors.
However, some people point to six steps in the technology transfer process, these are:
1. Invention disclosure
2. Evaluation
3. Patent application
4. Assessment and marketing
5. Patent licensing
6. Commercialisation
These steps take an innovation forward to a commercial product via market evaluation,
intellectual property protection and licensing, as well as promotion and commercialisation
for the marketplace.
Why is Technology Transfer Important?
Technology transfer is an important part of the technological innovation process, promoting

scientific and technological research and the associated skills and procedures to wider society
and the marketplace.
Tech transfer allows research to develop from the discovery of novel technologies along the
value chain to disclosure, evaluation and the protection of these breakthroughs. From here,
marketing, licensing and further development of products allow the research to become an
impactful product, process or service for society. In addition, the financial returns afforded
by a successful product can be reinvested into further research to begin the cycle again.
As a result, technology transfer creates revenues for universities to use for faculty
recruitment, funding and more research. Companies are able to tap into the advances brought
about by this academic research without having to spend on internal R&D to create new
products to drive business forward.
The advantages of successful technology transfer can be felt through national and regional
economies via growth through innovation, new ventures and stronger industry to boost
employment.
Finally, there are benefits for society as a whole, whether that is saving lives, better health, a
cleaner environment, and technical advances to deliver new capabilities, products and
services.
How Technology Transfer is Adapted by SMEs
Technology transfer is important for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), who are
able to utilize the process to help them compete with larger competitors. Rather than having
to pay for internal R&D, SMEs are able to form alliances with fellow companies and
research institutes to produce innovations, reduce financial risks or share technologies.
SMEs adapt technology transfer to support their needs, address obstacles and challenges,
acquire and develop technologies and access new research that they can take forward.
Using tech transfer methods allows SMEs to react to challenges and provide positive
contributions to technological advances, economic growth and their own ability to innovate.
Examples of technology transfer can be found across virtually every scientific and industrial
area, from pharmaceuticals and medical devices to alternative energy solutions, computing,
transport, artificial intelligence, robotics, agriculture, aerospace, environmental
improvements and many more.
Many of the products and technological advances we take for granted in our everyday lives
came from university or institute research before being transferred to the marketplace
through technology transfer procedures.
Why is intellectual property (IP) important for technology transfer?

Intellectual property (IP) is an important instrument at the research and development level. It
helps assure the ownership over intellectual findings and the capacity to control the use of IP
in line with an institution's mission and core values.
IP is also a powerful business tool to gain position on the market and exclusivity over a new
product or process. This makes it an important instrument to attract partners and potentially
obtain return on research investment through development collaboration or licensing deals.
What is a Patent?
A patent is a legal document that is granted by the government of the state or the country,
depending on the national rules. It gives an inventor of a particular thing the exclusive right
to make, use, and sell his or her creation for a specified period.
The basic idea of this system is to encourage the inventors to safeguard their creations.
Books, movies, and some artworks cannot be patented. However, one can protect these assets
under copyright law. The law of patent is one branch of the larger legal field known as
intellectual property, which also includes trademark and copyright law.
What Inventions are Patentable?
For any asset or invention to qualify for a patent, it must meet three basic requirements:
● It must be novel and one of a kind: This means that the particular invention must be
new, and there should not be any existential trace of it
● It must be unique in itself: An improvement in the current technology by an individual
cannot be patented.
● It must be helpful too: It should add value to the life of the common man, and it must
not benefit or support the use of illegal things or must not be used for any immoral
purpose.
Some types of inventions (or discoveries), like Isaac Newton’s law of gravity or Albert
Einstein’s formula for relativity, do not qualify for this. Simply put, no one can obtain a
patent on a law of nature or any scientific principle.
How to Apply for a Patent in India?

You can choose to apply for a patent all by yourself or get help from registered agents. When
it comes to the cost of getting a patent, the following two elements come into the picture:
● Government fees for forms and renewals
● If you choose to have an agent, then the charges for the professional
It is always recommended to get a patent through a registered agent.
Here is the procedure on how to apply for patent in India:
STEP 1: Invention Disclosure
The first step is to disclose your invention to the professional. This is done by signing a non-
disclosure agreement.
Pro-tip: It is recommended to submit each known fact about your invention. Do not hold
anything back.
STEP 2: Patentability Search
Usually, a professional charges a fee (approximately INR 10,000 to INR 20,000) at this step.
At this stage, your professional performs extensive research for prior evidence in all the
possible databases. Further, he or she builds a patentability search report based on your
invention.
STEP 3: Filing an Application for a Patent
This is where the actual process begins. After detailed research about (any) existing history
of your invention, you can decide if you want to go ahead with the patent application filing.
Please note: Your invention must have an ‘inventive step’ as compared with existing prior
art pieces to qualify for a patent. It must have either ‘technical advanced’ or ‘economically
significant’ or both over any existing piece of art.
The step where you decide to go ahead with the filing process by writing an application is
called patent drafting.
STEP 4: Patent Drafting
This is the fourth step in how to get a patent in India. For this, you can choose to draft the
application on your own or take a professional’s help to do this. If you choose to get help,
you might have to pay somewhere between INR 20,000 to INR 30,000.
Please note: This is one of the most crucial steps of the entire process. It requires both
technical and legal understanding. If not drafted the right way, all the effort you put in gets
wasted. Hence it’s a good idea to take professional help here.
STEP 5: Filing the Patent Application
After you are done reviewing your patent draft and are satisfied with the scope and details,
you are ready to file for a patent.
You can file the patent application in a prescribed manner with appropriate forms with fees.
STEP 6: Request for Examination
This is the step where the applicant is required to request the Indian patent office to examine
your patent application within 48 hours. Requests for examination fees range from INR 4,000
to INR 20,000 (based on the type of applicant).
STEP 7: Responding to Objections (if any)
The draft and the report submitted to the officers in the patent office are thoroughly
examined at this step. At this step, there is a chance for the inventor to communicate his
novelty or inventive step over any other piece of art found during the assessment. If all the
things are well clarified and solved, the patent application is almost ready to come to action.
STEP 8: Grant of Patent
If the application meets all the prescribed requirements, it is placed in order for the grant.
Usually, the final grant of the application is notified through a journal that is published.
STEP 9: Renewal of Your Patent
One of the last steps on how to obtain a patent in India is the renewal of your patent. Usually,
a patent is in force for 20 years. On completion of 20 years, the owner is required to renew
the patent by paying a small fee.

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Technology Transfer

Tech transfer is promoted at conferences organized by groups like the Association of

Vertical technology transfer

Involves the exchange of knowledge, skills, or technologies between entities at different

Horizontal technology transfer

Involves the sharing of knowledge, skills, or technologies between entities at similar or

What are the Three Phases of Technology Transfer?

Technology transfer is an important part of the technological innovation process, promoting

How Technology Transfer is Adapted by SMEs

Why is intellectual property (IP) important for technology transfer?

What Inventions are Patentable?

How to Apply for a Patent in India?

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