IS-106 INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATION

SHORT QUESTIONS:
1. WHAT IS OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT?
Ans: Occupational Health Management is the practice of ensuring and promoting the health
and safety of employees at work. It involves assessing risks, implementing preventive
measures, conducting health surveillance, and complying with regulations to maintain a safe
and healthy work environment.
2. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON ASSESSMENT OF WORK CAPACITY AND FATIGUE?
Ans: Assessment of Work Capacity and Fatigue involves evaluating employees' ability to
perform job tasks safely and effectively. It includes checking physical and mental fitness and
measuring the impact of prolonged work and stress on performance. This helps prevent
injuries and maintain productivity by addressing overexertion and exhaustion.
3. WRITE THE AIM AND SCOPE OF ERGONOMICS?
Ans: Aim of Ergonomics: To design systems, tools, and work environments that fit users’
physical and cognitive abilities, enhancing comfort, safety, and efficiency.
Scope of Ergonomics: Includes optimizing workplace design, task structures, human-
computer interactions, and product usability to prevent injury, reduce fatigue, and improve
overall performance and well-being.
4. WHAT IS FIRST AID?
Ans: First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to someone suffering from a minor
injury or sudden illness until professional medical help is available. It includes basic
procedures like cleaning wounds, applying bandages, performing CPR, and managing shock,
aimed at preserving life, preventing further harm, and promoting recovery.
5. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CWHS PROGRAM?
Ans: The benefits of a Construction Worker Health and Safety (CWHS) program include:
Reduced Accidents: Lower rates of injuries and accidents on site.
Improved Health: Better health outcomes for workers.
Increased Productivity: Enhanced efficiency and work quality.
Compliance: Adherence to safety regulations and standards.
Cost Savings: Reduced medical and insurance costs
6. WHAT WORK TECHNIQUES CAN HELP TO PREVENT MANUAL HANDLING INJURIES?

Ans: Work techniques to prevent manual handling injuries include:

1. Using Mechanical Aids: Employing cranes, hoists, or forklifts.

2. Proper Lifting Techniques: Bending knees, keeping the load close, and using
legs for lifting.
3. Team Lifting: Collaborating with others for heavy or awkward loads.
4. Ergonomic Design: Adjusting workstations to minimize awkward postures.
5. Training: Educating workers on safe handling practices.
 7. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF WMSDS?

Ans: Symptoms of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) include:

1. Muscle Pain: Discomfort in muscles or tendons.

2. Joint Pain: Pain or stiffness in joints.
3. Numbness: Tingling or numbness in extremities.
4. Reduced Mobility: Limited range of motion or difficulty moving.
5. Swelling: Swelling in affected areas

8. WHAT IS MEANT BY “FIT TO WORK”?

Ans: Fit to work" means an individual is physically and mentally capable of performing job
duties safely and effectively. It involves meeting health and fitness standards required for
the specific job tasks without compromising their own health or safety.

LONG QUESTIONS:

1. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM WEIGHT, STAFF ARE ALLOWED TO LIFT? WHAT IS SAFE MANUAL
HANDLING TECHNIQUES?

Ans: Maximum Weight for Lifting: Regulations vary, but general guidelines suggest
no more than 25 kg (55 lbs) for safe manual lifting.

Safe Manual Handling Techniques:

1. Plan the Lift: Assess the load and environment.

2. Proper Posture: Bend knees, keep back straight.
3. Firm Grip: Ensure a secure hold.
4. Load Close: Keep the load close to your body.
5. Lift with Legs: Use leg strength, not your back.
6. Avoid Twisting: Turn with your feet, not your back.

2. EXPLAIN AUTHRONETRUC MEASUREMENTS?

Ans: Anthropometric Measurements involve measuring human body dimensions, such as
height, weight, arm reach, and leg length. These measurements are crucial for designing
ergonomic workspaces, tools, and equipment to ensure they fit users' physical
characteristics, enhance comfort, and reduce the risk of injury. By using anthropometric
data, designers can create environments and products that accommodate a wide range of
body sizes and shapes, promoting efficiency and well-being.
3. WHAT METHOD SHOULD BE ADOPTED FOR WORK ENVIRONMENT MONITORING IN
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH?

Ans: Work Environment Monitoring in occupational health should adopt the following
methods:
 1. Regular Inspections: Conduct systematic inspections to identify potential hazards
and assess working conditions.
2. Environmental Sampling: Collect samples of air, water, and surfaces to detect
harmful substances, such as pollutants or toxic chemicals.
3. Noise Monitoring: Measure noise levels using sound level meters to ensure they are
within safe limits.
4. Temperature and Humidity Control: Monitor and regulate temperature and
humidity to maintain a comfortable and safe working environment.
5. Health Surveillance: Track workers' health through regular medical check-ups and
exposure assessments to identify early signs of occupational illnesses.
6. Data Analysis: Analyze monitoring data to identify trends, evaluate risks, and
implement necessary changes to improve workplace safety.

These methods help in maintaining a safe work environment, ensuring compliance with
regulations, and protecting workers' health.

4. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND EXPLAIN PRECAUTIONS METHODS?

Ans: Effects of Radiation:

1. Acute Radiation Sickness: Nausea, vomiting, and fatigue from high doses of
radiation.
2. Chronic Health Issues: Increased risk of cancer, genetic mutations, and other long-
term health problems.
3. Cell Damage: Harm to cellular structures, potentially leading to tissue damage and
organ dysfunction.
4. Radiation Burns: Skin burns or damage from prolonged exposure to high radiation
levels.

Precautionary Methods:

1. Shielding: Use protective barriers or materials (e.g., lead aprons) to block radiation.
2. Distance: Maintain a safe distance from radiation sources to reduce exposure.
3. Time Limitation: Minimize the duration of exposure to reduce the dose received.
4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate PPE, such as gloves and
masks, when handling radioactive materials.
5. Monitoring: Use radiation detectors to continuously monitor exposure levels and
ensure they remain within safe limits.
6. Training: Provide training for personnel on radiation safety and emergency
procedures.

5. WHAT IS AEROBIC WORK CAPACITY AND METHODS FOR ITS DETERMINATION?

Ans: Aerobic Work Capacity refers to the maximum amount of work an individual can
perform using oxygen for energy production, often measured as the body's ability to sustain
physical activity over time.

Methods for Determination:

1. VO2 Max Testing: Measures the maximum volume of oxygen an individual can
utilize during intense exercise, typically using a treadmill or cycle ergometer.
2. Submaximal Exercise Tests: Includes tests like the Cooper 12-minute run or the
Bruce treadmill test, which estimate aerobic capacity based on performance at less
than maximum effort.
 3. Field Tests: Practical tests like the 1.5-mile run or the 6-minute walk test assess
endurance and aerobic capacity in real-world conditions.
4. Heart Rate Monitoring: Uses heart rate responses to various exercise intensities to
estimate aerobic fitness levels.

These methods help in evaluating cardiovascular fitness and endurance for both health and
athletic performance.

6. DEFINE ERGONOMICS AND ITS BENEFITS TO THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS?

Ans: Ergonomics is the science of designing work environments, tools, and tasks to fit the
physical and cognitive abilities of users, aiming to improve efficiency and reduce discomfort.

Benefits to Health and Safety:

1. Reduced Injuries: Minimizes strain and prevents musculoskeletal disorders by

optimizing workplace design and practices.
2. Improved Comfort: Enhances worker comfort through ergonomic adjustments,
reducing fatigue and discomfort.
3. Increased Productivity: Boosts efficiency and performance by aligning work
conditions with human capabilities.
4. Enhanced Safety: Reduces the risk of accidents by designing safer tools and
workspaces.
5. Better Well-being: Supports overall health by promoting proper posture and reducing
physical stress.

7. EXPLAIN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT SERVICES?

Ans: Occupational Health Management Services focus on maintaining and improving the
health and safety of employees in the workplace. Key components include:

1. Health Surveillance: Regular health checks and monitoring to detect early signs of
work-related health issues.
2. Risk Assessment: Identifying and evaluating workplace hazards to implement
preventive measures.
3. Workplace Ergonomics: Designing workstations and tasks to fit employees’
physical and cognitive needs, reducing strain and injury.
4. Emergency Preparedness: Developing and implementing procedures for responding
to health emergencies and incidents.
5. Health Promotion: Providing programs and resources for promoting overall
employee health and wellness.
6. Compliance: Ensuring adherence to health and safety regulations and standards.
7. Training and Education: Offering training on safe work practices, health awareness,
and emergency response.

These services aim to create a safe and healthy work environment, improve worker well-
being, and enhance overall productivity.

DEFINE FIRST AID DISCUSS ABOUT THE PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID TREATMENT?

Ans: First Aid is the initial assistance given to someone who is injured or suddenly ill until
professional medical help arrives. It aims to preserve life, prevent further harm, and promote
recovery.
Principles of First Aid Treatment:

1. Preserve Life: Ensure that the injured or ill person is safe and their vital functions
(breathing, circulation) are maintained. This may involve performing CPR or stopping
severe bleeding.
2. Prevent Further Harm: Protect the injured person from additional injuries by
stabilizing the affected area, moving them only if necessary, and removing any
hazards.
3. Promote Recovery: Provide comfort and reassurance while monitoring the person’s
condition. Administer appropriate first aid treatments such as applying bandages or
positioning them correctly.
4. Seek Professional Help: Call for emergency medical services if the situation is
beyond the scope of first aid or if the condition worsens.
5. Follow Protocols: Use established first aid guidelines and techniques appropriate for
the specific injury or illness, ensuring effective and safe treatment.