Module 5 Handouts - rizal as propagandist (2)

Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

PONTEVEDRA CAMPUS
Bailan, Pontevedra, Capiz
Ideas and Ideals of Rizal
Rizal as Propagandist
Objectives:
• discussed how the propaganda movement works;
• described the founding of the La Liga Filipina;
• appreciate the challenges they faced in yearn for the Filipino independence.
Background and Motivation

• Between 1872 and 1892, a national consciousness was growing among the
Filipino émigrés who had settled in Europe.
• émigrés - a person who has left their own country in order to settle in another.
• The émigrés formed the Propaganda Movement, strove to awaken the sleeping
intellect of the Spaniard to the needs of our country and to create a closer,
more equal association of the islands and the motherland.
Specific Goals
- representation of the Philippines in the Cortes, or Spanish parliament;
- Secularization of the clergy;
- Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
- Creation of a public school system independent of the friars;
- Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products to the
government);
- Freedoms of speech and association;
- Equal opportunity for
- Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service.
Jose Rizal
- a physician, scholar, scientist, and writer. Born in 1861 into a prosperous Chinese
mestizo family in Laguna Province, he displayed great intelligence at an early age.
After several years of medical study at the University of Santo Tomás, he went to
Spain in 1882 to finish his studies at the University of Madrid.
- Among small communities of Filipino students in Madrid and other European cities,
he became a leader and eloquent spokesman, and in the wider world of European
science and scholarship--particularly in Germany--he formed close relationships with
prominent natural and social scientists. The new discipline of anthropology was of
special interest to him; he was committed to refuting the friars stereotypes of Filipino
racial inferiority with scientific arguments.
- His greatest impact on the development of a Filipino national consciousness, however,
was his publication of two novels--Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886 and El
Filibusterismo (The reign of greed) in 1891.
- Rizal drew on his personal experiences and depicted the conditions of Spanish rule in
the islands, particularly the abuses of the friars. Although the friars had Rizal& books
PONTEVEDRA CAMPUS
banned, they were smuggled into the Philippines and rapidly gained a wide
readership.
Other Key Propagandist

- Graciano Lopez Jaena
o a noted orator and pamphleteer who had left the islands for Spain in 1880 after
the publication of his satirical short novel, Fray Botod (Brother Fatso), an
unflattering portrait of a provincial friar.
o In 1889 he established a biweekly newspaper in Barcelona, La Solidaridad
(Solidarity), which became the principal organ of the Propaganda Movement,
having audiences both in Spain and in the islands.
o In 1889 he established a biweekly newspaper in Barcelona, La Solidaridad
(Solidarity), which became the principal organ of the Propaganda Movement,
having audiences both in Spain and in the islands.
- Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt,

- an Austrian geographer and ethnologist whom Rizal had met in
Germany.
Marcelo del H. Pilar

- a reform minded lawyer.
- Del Pilar was active in the antifriar movement in the islands until obliged to flee to
Spain in 1888, where he became editor of La Solidaridad and assumed leadership of
the Filipino community in Spain.
Rizal Returned to the Island

• In 1887 Rizal returned briefly to the islands, but because of the furor
surrounding the appearance of Noli Me Tangere the previous year, he was
advised by the governor to leave.
• He returned to Europe by way of Japan and North America to complete his
second novel and an edition of Antonio de Morga seventeenth-century work,
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (History of the Philippine Islands).
• After a stay in Europe and Hong Kong, Rizal returned to the Philippines in
June 1892, partly because the Dominicans had evicted his father and sisters
from the land they leased from the friars estate at Calamba, in Laguna
Province.
• He also was convinced that the struggle for reform could no longer be
conducted effectively from overseas.
La Liga Filipina
• In July he established the Liga Filipina (Philippine League), designed to be a

truly national, nonviolent organization.
• It was dissolved, however, following his arrest and exile to the remote town of
Dapitan in northwestern Mindanao.
PONTEVEDRA CAMPUS
• The Propaganda Movement languished after Rizal arrest and the collapse of
the Liga Filipina.
• La Solidaridad went out of business in November 1895, and in 1896 both del
Pilar and Lopez Jaena died in Barcelona, worn down by poverty and
disappointment.
• An attempt was made to reestablish the Liga Filipina, but the national
movement had become split between ilustrado advocates of reform and
peaceful evolution (the compromisarios, orcompromisers) and a plebeian
constituency that wanted revolution and national independence. Because the
Spanish refused to allow genuine reform, the initiative quickly passed from the
former group to the latter.
Significance of the propaganda movement
• Raising National Consciousness

• Advocating for Change
• Influencing the Revolution
Conclusion
The Propaganda Movement was a key moment for Filipino national identity, with leaders like
José Rizal pushing for change through writing and activism. While it had some successes, the
movement faced difficulties after Rizal was arrested, showing a split between those wanting
peaceful reform and those seeking revolution. The Spanish refusal to provide real reforms
pushed many towards a more radical path for independence. This struggle laid the
groundwork for future movements fighting for freedom.
THANK YOU!

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Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

Ideas and Ideals of Rizal

Background and Motivation

Other Key Propagandist

- Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt,

Marcelo del H. Pilar

Rizal Returned to the Island

• In July he established the Liga Filipina (Philippine League), designed to be a

Significance of the propaganda movement

• Raising National Consciousness

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